The UK clinical eye research strategy: refreshing research priorities for clinical eye research in the UK.

Objectives: To validate and update the 2013 James Lind Alliance (JLA) Sight Loss and Vision Priority Setting Partnership (PSP)'s research priorities for Ophthalmology, as part of the UK Clinical Eye Research Strategy.

Methods: Twelve ophthalmology research themes were identified from the JLA report. They were allocated to five Clinical Study Groups of diverse stakeholders who reviewed the top 10 research priorities for each theme.

Pregnancy, parenthood, and fertility in the orthopaedic surgeon.

Aims: As an increasing number of female surgeons are choosing orthopaedics, it is important to recognize the impact of pregnancy within this cohort. The aim of this review was to examine common themes and data surrounding pregnancy, parenthood, and fertility within orthopaedics.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline, Emcare, Embase, PsycINFO, OrthoSearch, and the Cochrane Library in November 2022.

Retrograde venography to navigate an occluded subclavian vein to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy upgrade via His bundle pacing: a case report.

Background: Guidelines support upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) through His-bundle pacing (HBP) in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Lead-related venous occlusion can represent an obstacle to upgrade procedures. We describe a technique to overcome venous occlusion through direct puncture of a collateral vein facilitating upgrade to HBP.

Association of red blood cells and plasma transfusion versus red blood cell transfusion only with survival for treatment of major traumatic hemorrhage in prehospital setting in England: a multicenter study.

Background: In-hospital acute resuscitation in trauma has evolved toward early and balanced transfusion resuscitation with red blood cells (RBC) and plasma being transfused in equal ratios. Being able to deliver this ratio in prehospital environments is a challenge. A combined component, like leukocyte-depleted red cell and plasma (RCP), could facilitate early prehospital resuscitation with RBC and plasma, while at the same time improving logistics for the team.

Differential attainment, socioeconomic factors and surgical training.

Introduction: Differential attainment (DA) is the gap in levels of achievement between different groups; socioeconomic factors are thought to play a significant role in DA. The aim of this study was to review and assess the evidence for DA in early surgical training and to examine the potential influence of socioeconomic status.

Methods: Data were obtained from the General Medical Council GMC for those taking Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) examinations between 2016 and 2019 and core surgical training annual review of competency progression (ARCP) outcomes between 2017 and 2019.

Associations between pre-pregnancy psychosocial risk factors and infant outcomes: a population-based cohort study in England.

Background: Existing studies evaluating the association between maternal risk factors and specific infant outcomes such as birthweight, injury admissions, and mortality have mostly focused on single risk factors. We aimed to identify routinely recorded psychosocial characteristics of pregnant women most at risk of adverse infant outcomes to inform targeting of early intervention.

Methods: We created a cohort using administrative hospital data (Hospital Episode Statistics) for all births to mothers aged 15-44 years in England, UK, who gave birth on or after April 1, 2010, and who were discharged before or on March 31, 2015.

Fragility hip fractures in the COVID-19 pandemic: A local experience in the United Kingdom.

Background: Fragility hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to restrictions on trauma services in several hospitals with potential operating delays and unintended negative outcomes. This local study describes the impact of operative pathway changes on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing fragility hip fracture surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tissue Doppler-Derived Left Ventricular Systolic Velocity Is Associated with Lethal Arrhythmias in Cardiac Device Recipients Irrespective of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Background: Life-threatening arrhythmias (LTAs) can trigger sudden cardiac death or provoke implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) discharges that escalate morbidity and mortality. Longitudinal myofibrils predominate in the subendocardium, which is uniquely sensitive to arrhythmogenic triggers. In this study, we test the hypothesis that mitral annular systolic velocity (S'), a simple routinely obtained tissue Doppler index of LV long-axis systolic function, might predict lethal arrhythmias irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Predictors and Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is associated with significant symptomatic deterioration, heart failure, and thromboembolic disease. There is a need for better mechanistic insight and improved identification of at risk patients. We used cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to assess predictors of AF in HC, in particular the role of myocardial fibrosis.

A scoring system for 3D surface images of breast reconstruction developed using the Delphi consensus process.

Introduction: Evaluation of aesthetics after breast reconstruction is challenging. In the absence of an objective measurement, panel assessment is widely adopted. Heterogeneity of scales and poor internal consistency make comparison difficult.

Incorporating point-of-care ultrasound into daily intensive care unit rounds: Another source of interruptions?

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the use of bedside ultrasonography by the treating clinician, incorporating those images into direct clinical decisions. While there are a number of different techniques and training pathways in this relatively new modality, there has been little discussion around the logistics of integrating POCUS into the standard critical care "business day" of ward rounds, procedures and meetings. This article explores some of these aspects and presents data from an online survey of POCUS practitioners.

A new paradigm for delivering personalised care: integrating genetics with surgical interventions in BEST1 mutations.

Background: The availability and reduced cost of genotyping has improved gene susceptibility testing and our scientific understanding of disease pathophysiology. Whilst several personalised translational models exist within medical frameworks, genetic-based surgical therapy is a translational application not widely used in surgical specialties.

Method: We present a clinical series of five patients with genetically confirmed bestrophinopathy and malignant glaucoma (MG).

Professional caregivers' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about awareness in advanced dementia: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Objectives: Awareness can be defined as a response to, or evaluation of, an aspect of one's situation or internal state. Awareness becomes impaired as dementia progresses; however, the exact nature and degree of impairment in advanced dementia remains unclear. The extent to which caregivers understand or make assumptions about the level and nature of awareness in advanced dementia may have a significant impact on their ability to appropriately respond to and care for the person with dementia.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Past, Present and Future.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy with a prevalence of 1 in 500 in the general population. Since the first pathological case series at post mortem in 1957, we have come a long way in its understanding, diagnosis and management. Here, we will describe the history of our understanding of HCM including the initial disease findings, diagnostic methods and treatment options.

Correction to: IRIS study: a phase II study of the steroid sulfatase inhibitor Irosustat when added to an aromatase inhibitor in ER-positive breast cancer patients.

In the original publication of the article, a part of acknowledgement section was missed out. The omitted acknowledgement is given below: 'The study was coordinated by the Imperial Clinical Trials Unit-Cancer, Imperial College London and Sponsored by Imperial College London. The Imperial Clinical Trials Unit receives funding from the National Institute for Health (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London.

Experiences of Women With Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Treated With High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose/objectives: To explore the experiences of women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia during and after treatment to understand their perspectives, priorities, and concerns.
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Research Approach: A descriptive, exploratory study using in-depth semistructured interviews.

IRIS study: a phase II study of the steroid sulfatase inhibitor Irosustat when added to an aromatase inhibitor in ER-positive breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Irosustat is a first-generation, orally active, irreversible steroid sulfatase inhibitor. We performed a multicentre, open label phase II trial of the addition of Irosustat to a first-line aromatase inhibitor (AI) in patients with advanced BC to evaluate the safety of the combination and to test the hypothesis that the addition of Irosustat to AI may further suppress estradiol levels and result in clinical benefit.

Experimental Design: Postmenopausal women with ER-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had derived clinical benefit from a first-line AI and who subsequently progressed were enrolled.

Acceptability of an open-label wait-listed trial design: Experiences from the PROUD PrEP study.

Background: PROUD participants were randomly assigned to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) immediately or after a deferred period of one-year. We report on the acceptability of this open-label wait-listed trial design.

Methods: Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire, which included categorical study acceptability data and free-text data on most and least liked aspects of the study.

An analysis of baseline data from the PROUD study: an open-label randomised trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven biological efficacy to reduce the sexual acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The PROUD study found that PrEP conferred higher protection than in placebo-controlled trials, reducing HIV incidence by 86 % in a population with seven-fold higher HIV incidence than expected. We present the baseline characteristics of the PROUD study population and place the findings in the context of national sexual health clinic data.

Pretibial lacerations: experience from a lower limb trauma centre and systematic review.

Background: Pretibial lacerations are an important and neglected problem among the elderly. Poor management leads to prolonged hospitalisation and terminal decline. This study summarises our experience and evidence from the literature to ascertain an evidence-based rationale for referral and management.

Saving the critically injured trauma patient: a retrospective analysis of 1000 uses of intraosseous access.

Objective: Intraosseous access (IO) is becoming increasingly accepted in adult populations as an alternative to peripheral vascular access; however, there is still insufficient evidence in large patient groups supporting its use.

Methods: Retrospective review. This paper reports on the use of IO devices over a 7-year period from August 2006 to August 2013 during combat operations in Afghanistan.