Lysoglycerophospholipid metabolism alterations associated with ambient fine particulate matter exposure: Insights into the pro-atherosclerotic effects.

The biological pathways connecting ambient fine particulate matter (PM)-induced initial adverse effects to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are not fully understood. We hypothesize that lysoglycerophospholipids (LysoGPLs) are pivotal mediators of atherosclerosis induced by exposure to PM. This study investigated the changes of LysoGPLs in response to PM exposure and the mediation role of LysoGPLs in the pro-atherosclerotic effects of PM exposure.

A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients.

Objectives: Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?

The search for evidence of past prebiotic or biotic activity on Mars will be enhanced by the return of samples to Earth laboratories. While impressive analytical feats have been accomplished by in situ missions on the red planet, accessing the capabilities of Earth's global laboratories will present a step change in data acquisition. Highly diagnostic markers of past life are biomarkers, organic molecules whose architecture can be attributed to once living organisms.

NMR spectroscopy derived plasma biomarkers of inflammation in human populations: Influences of age, sex and adiposity.

Understanding the distribution and variation in inflammatory markers is crucial for advancing our knowledge of inflammatory processes and evaluating their clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring acute and chronic disease. 1H NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma and serum was applied to measure a composite panel of inflammatory markers based on acute phase glycoprotein signals (GlycA and GlycB) and sub-regions of the lipoprotein derived Supramolecular Phospholipid Composite signals (SPC1, SPC2 and SPC3) to establish normal ranges in two healthy, predominantly white cohorts from Australia (n = 398) and Spain (n = 80; ages 20-70 years). GlycA, GlycB, SPC1 and SPC3 were not significantly impacted by age or sex, but SPC2 (an HDL-related biomarker) was significantly higher in women across all age ranges by an average of 33.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Survival, Multimorbidity, and Neurodevelopment.

Importance: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has proven to be a challenging and enduring complication of prematurity. However, its association with neurodevelopment across the spectrum of IVH severity, independent of prematurity, and in the context of contemporary care remains uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate national trends in IVH diagnosis and the association with survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age.

Association of corneal endothelial cell morphology with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and identifies subjects with MCI who develop dementia. This study assessed whether abnormalities in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) morphology are related to corneal nerve morphology, brain volumetry, cerebral ischemia, and cognitive impairment in MCI and dementia.

Methods: Participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent CCM to quantify corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and area (CECA), corneal nerve fiber morphology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry, and severity of brain ischemia.

Solvatomorphic diversity dictates the stability and solubility of metal-organic polyhedra.

The reaction between molybdenum(ii) acetate and 5-aminoisophthalic acid (HIso-NH) afforded [MoO(μ-O)(Iso-NH)], a novel molybdenum(v) metal-organic polyhedron (MOP) with a triangular antiprismatic shape stabilized by intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The synthesis conditions, particularly the choice of solvent and reaction time, led to the precipitation of the Mo(v)-MOP in five distinct crystalline forms. These forms vary in their packing arrangements, co-crystallized solvent molecules, and counter-cations, with three phases containing dimethylammonium (dma) and the other two containing diethylammonium (dea).

A sort and sequence approach to dissect heterogeneity of response to a self-amplifying RNA vector in a novel human muscle cell line.

Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is an extremely promising platform because it can produce more protein for less RNA. We used a sort and sequence approach to identify host cell factors associated with transgene expression from saRNA; the hypothesis was that cells with different expression levels would have different transcriptomes. We tested this in CDK4/hTERT immortalized human muscle cells transfected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)-derived saRNA encoding GFP.

Towards planetary boundary sustainability of food processing wastewater, by resource recovery & emission reduction: A process system engineering perspective.

Meeting the needs of a growing population calls for a change from linear production systems that exacerbate the depletion of finite natural resources and the emission of environmental pollutants. These linear production systems have resulted in the human-driven perturbation of the Earth's natural biogeochemical cycles and the transgression of environmentally safe operating limits. One solution that can help alleviate the environmental issues associated both with resource stress and harmful emissions is resource recovery from waste.

The therapeutic potential of targeting Oncostatin M and the interleukin-6 family in retinal diseases: A comprehensive review.

Retinal diseases, which can lead to significant vision loss, are complex conditions involving various cellular and molecular mechanisms. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family, particularly Oncostatin M (OSM), has garnered attention for their roles in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. This comprehensive review explores the dual nature of OSM and other IL-6 family members in retinal pathophysiology, highlighting their contribution to both degenerative and regenerative processes.

The pivotal role of sleep in mediating the effects of life stressors and healthy habits on allostatic load in mid-life adults.

Objectives: We assessed the modulation of allostatic load (AL) by engagement in healthy habits and life stressors, mediated through resilience and the perceived influence of the stressors. Sleep was included as third mediator given extensive evidence associating to all the analysed factors.

Methods: Structural equation models to assess the modulation of AL by either traumatic or psychosocial stressors and healthy habits were generated with data from 620 mid-life adults (age 51.

Effect of randomised blood pressure lowering treatment and intensive glucose control on dementia and cognitive decline according to baseline cognitive function and other subpopulations of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE trial.

Background And Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that reducing high blood pressure (BP) prevents dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, although diabetes is a risk factor for dementia and MCI, there is uncertainty of the effect of intensive glucose control on these endpoints. This study aimed to determine the effects of BP-lowering (vs placebo) and intensive glucose-lowering (vs standard control) treatments according to baseline cognition and other characteristics on dementia and cognitive decline (CD) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Cardioprotection exerted by intravenous statin at index myocardial infarction event attenuates cardiac damage upon recurrent infarction.

Aims: Recurrent acute myocardial infarction (RE-AMI) is a frequent complication after STEMI, and its association with stent thrombosis can be life-threatening. Intravenous atorvastatin (IV-atorva) administration during AMI has been shown to limit infarct size and adverse cardiac remodeling. We determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) whether the cardioprotection exerted by IV-atorva at the index AMI event translates into a better prognosis upon RE-AMI in dyslipidemic pigs.

Understanding the relationship between the frequency of HbA1c monitoring, HbA1c changes over time, and the achievement of targets: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The goal of post-diagnosis diabetes management is the achievement and maintenance of glycaemic control. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend 3-6 monthly HbA1c monitoring. Despite this guidance, there are few data supporting the impact of monitoring frequency on clinical outcomes, particularly from low- and middle-income country settings.

Gut feelings on short-chain fatty acids to regulate respiratory health.

Respiratory infections and diseases pose significant challenges to society and healthcare systems, underscoring the need for preventative and therapeutic strategies. Recent research in rodent models indicates that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites produced by gut bacteria, may offer medicinal benefits for respiratory conditions. In this opinion, we summarize the current literature that highlights the potential of SCFAs to enhance immune balance in humans.

Ara h 2-expressing cucumber mosaic virus-like particle (VLP Peanut) induces in vitro tolerogenic cellular responses in peanut-allergic individuals.

Background: Peanut allergy (PA) is one of the most prevalent food allergies with a lack of favorable safety/efficacy treatment. A cucumber mosaic virus-like particle expressing peanut allergen component Ara h 2 (VLP Peanut) has been developed as a novel therapeutic approach for PA.

Objective: We assessed the tolerogenic properties and reactivity of VLP Peanut.

The role of umbilical vein blood flow assessment in the prediction of fetal growth velocity and adverse outcome: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Identifying fetal growth restriction and distinguishing it from a constitutionally small fetus can be challenging. The umbilical vein blood flow is a surrogate parameter of the amount of oxygen and nutrients delivered to the fetus, providing valuable insights about the function of the placenta. Nevertheless, currently, this parameter is not used in the diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction.

Water quality and neurodegenerative disease risk in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Ensuring sustainable management of water is an indispensable part of sustainable development, however, the limelight on long-term health risk of water hardness is essential but remains inadequate. This study estimated effects of water hardness on the brain system to refine its systemic risk assessment. We assembled a cohort of 397,265 participants from the UK Biobank to investigate the associations of water hardness with neurodegenerative diseases and brain imaging phenotypes through modeling.