Dual role of circulating and mucosal Vδ1 T cells in the control of and contribution to persistent HIV-1 infection.

Curative strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection are hindered by incomplete characterization of the latent reservoir and limited enhancement of anti-HIV immune responses. In this study, we identified a novel dual role for peripheral and tissue-resident Vδ1 T cells within the gastrointestinal mucosa of virally suppressed people with HIV. Phenotypic analyses identified an increased frequency of highly differentiated, cytotoxic effector Vδ1 T cells that exerted potent inhibition of HIV-1 replication coinciding with direct increases in cytolytic function.