Erratum to "IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper" [World Allergy Organ J 13/2 (2020) 100080].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.

Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy tablets in dust mite and pollen allergy.

The latest evidence on the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was reviewed. Interleukin (IL) 35 and IL-35-producing regulatory T cells were assessed as new biomarkers for SLIT responsiveness. A detailed analysis of clinical studies, including timothy grass pollen, 5-grass pollen, ragweed, and house-dust mite SLIT tablets, was provided, including a comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of SLIT versus subcutaneous immunotherapy.

Assessment of Google Trends terms reporting allergies and the grass pollen season in Ukraine.

Background: Grass pollen allergy is an important trigger for the development of respiratory disorders. Defining the grass pollen season onset is critical for correct allergy diagnosis and personalized therapy. The development of a pan-European sentinel network for allergic diseases has raised the problem of translating the Google search terms into different European languages as well as defining specific pollen season characteristics in different regions.

IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper.

Currently, testing for immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization is the cornerstone of diagnostic evaluation in suspected allergic conditions. This review provides a thorough and updated critical appraisal of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, both and . It discusses skin tests, challenges, and serological and cellular tests, and provides an overview of indications, advantages and disadvantages of each in conditions such as respiratory, food, venom, drug, and occupational allergy.

Association of the CD14 C159T and the Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms with various phenotypes of asthma in adults from Crimea.

This study assessed gene polymorphisms of the CD14 receptor (C-159T) and Toll-like receptor 4 (Asp299Gly) in a patient population in Crimea, Ukraine, stratified by clinical (early versus late onset; frequent versus occasional relapses; fixed versus reversible obstruction) and immunologic (atopic versus nonatopic; eosinophilic; neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation) subtype. Two polymorphisms, CD14 C-159T and TLR4 Asp299Gly, were assessed in 331 patients with asthma. The control group included 285 volunteers who were nonatopic.

Manifesto on small airway involvement and management in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an Interasma (Global Asthma Association - GAA) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) document endorsed by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN).

Evidence that enables us to identify, assess, and access the small airways in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led INTERASMA (Global Asthma Association) and WAO to take a position on the role of the small airways in these diseases. Starting from an extensive literature review, both organizations developed, discussed, and approved the manifesto, which was subsequently approved and endorsed by the chairs of ARIA and GALEN. The manifesto describes the evidence gathered to date and defines and proposes issues on small airway involvement and management in asthma and COPD with the aim of challenging assumptions, fostering commitment, and bringing about change.

Manifesto on small airway involvement and management in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an Interasma (Global Asthma Association - GAA) and World Allergy Organization (WAO) document endorsed by Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN).

Evidence that enables us to identify, assess, and access the small airways in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has led INTERASMA (Global Asthma Association) and WAO to take a position on the role of the small airways in these diseases. Starting from an extensive literature review, both organizations developed, discussed, and approved the manifesto, which was subsequently approved and endorsed by the chairs of ARIA and GALEN. The manifesto describes the evidence gathered to date and defines and proposes issues on small airway involvement and management in asthma and COPD with the aim of challenging assumptions, fostering commitment, and bringing about change.

Levocetirizine: The latest treatment option for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Levocetirizine is the most recent antihistamine available in the United States and is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR; seasonal [SAR] and perennial [PAR]) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). The purpose of this study was to review the current literature on pharmacologic properties of levocetirizine, its safety, tolerability, and effectiveness in AR and CIU. Relevant articles in English or with English abstracts were identified from systematic Medline searches using combinations of the terms antihistamine/s, CIU, H(1)-receptor antagonist/s, levocetirizine, PAR and persistent AR (PER), pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and SAR.

Desloratadine for chronic idiopathic urticaria: a review of clinical efficacy.

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a disabling affliction that considerably limits patients' daily activities and interferes with sleep. Clinical studies have shown that histamine H1-receptor antagonists (antihistamines) are highly effective for inhibiting the hives/wheals and pruritus associated with CIU, as well as improving patients' quality of life. Desloratadine is a rapid-acting, once-daily, nonsedating selective H1-receptor antagonist/inverse receptor agonist with proven clinical efficacy in patients with CIU.

Platelet activation in allergic asthma patients during allergen challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Background: Animal models of allergic asthma indicate that intravascular platelet activation is necessary for the development of allergen-induced chronic airway inflammation.

Objective: To evaluate whether the development of a late asthmatic response (LAR) in allergic asthma patients challenged with a relevant allergen is consequent to platelet activation.

Methods: Thirty-three house dust mite sensitive asthmatic patients were challenged intrabronchially with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) extract.

Review of desloratadine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria and allergic inflammatory disorders.

Desloratadine is a once-daily, non-sedating, non-impairing, selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. It relieves the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (including nasal obstruction and congestion, and morning symptoms), perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria by blocking multiple critical steps in the systemic allergic cascade and downregulating key allergy-induced inflammatory mediators. It also relieves asthma symptoms and decreases rescue medication use in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and comorbid asthma.

The role of P-glycoprotein and organic anion-transporting polypeptides in drug interactions.

The use of polytherapy in clinical practice necessitates an appreciation and understanding of the potential for drug interactions. Recent publications provide insight into the role of the active transport systems P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and human organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in drug interactions. Active drug transporters influence the bioavailability of a number of drugs by controlling their movement into, and out of, cells.

Clinical comparison of histamine H1-receptor antagonist drugs.

Nearly 40 million Americans have symptoms of upper respiratory allergies, making antihistamines among the most frequently used pharmacologic agents. Although there are mediators of allergic symptoms in addition to histamine, therapy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria has focused upon the use of antihistamines. The classic histamine H1-receptor antagonists, however, are not selective for the H1 site and produce a variety of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic responses leading to considerable adverse effects in the central nervous system consequent to both their pharmacologic nonselectivity and their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier readily.

Introduction: risk management in asthma and allergic diseases.

The recent advances in therapy for allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria, have posed new challenges to physicians who must carefully assess the risks and benefits to the patient of new treatment. Appreciation of the drug interaction between certain second-generation antihistamines, including terfenadine and astemizole, with selective macrolide antibiotics and imidazole antifungal agents leading to QTc interval prolongation, and the potential for fatal cardiac arrhythmias is an example of the need to assess risks of therapy. Risk management in allergic disease includes minimizing disease morbidity by emphasizing allergen avoidance in asthma and by minimizing the therapeutic morbidity and mortality that can occur when allergen immunotherapy is administered either improperly, such as in an unsupervised setting, or inappropriately, such as to unstable asthmatics.