Genetic Association of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With Adult Rheumatic Disease.

Importance: Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may develop adult rheumatic diseases later in life, and prolonged or recurrent disease activity is often associated with substantial disability; therefore, it is important to identify patients with JIA at high risk of developing adult rheumatic diseases and provide specialized attention and preventive care to them.

Objective: To elucidate the full extent of the genetic association of JIA with adult rheumatic diseases, to improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes for patients at high risk of developing long-term rheumatic diseases.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this genetic association study of 4 disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) cohorts from 2013 to 2024 (JIA, rheumatoid arthritis [RA], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and systemic sclerosis [SSc]), patients in the JIA cohort were recruited from the US, Australia, and Norway (with a UK cohort included in the meta-analyzed cohort), while patients in the other 3 cohorts were recruited from US and Western European countries.

TFEB Phase Separation Mediates the Amelioration Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Colitis.

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to ameliorate inflammation including DSS-induced colitis. It is well known that autophagy can limit inflammation and TFEB is a master transcriptional factor that regulates the processes of autophagy. However, whether TFEB is involved in the regulation of IF-mediated amelioration of inflammation and its mechanism remained unclear.

Antibody Design with SE(3) Diffusion.

We introduce , an antibody variable domain diffusion model based on a general protein backbone diffusion framework, which was extended to handle multiple chains. Assessing the designability and novelty of the structures generated with our model, we find that produces highly designable antibodies that can contain novel binding regions. The backbone dihedral angles of sampled structures show good agreement with a reference antibody distribution.

Effects of Powder on the Growth Performance, Immune Organ Weights, Cecal Microbiology, Serum Immunoglobulins, and Tibia Minerals of Broiler Chickens.

A total of 640 one-day-old Cobb 500 MV × Cobb 500 FF mixed broilers were randomly assigned to one of four experimental treatments with four replicates per treatment and 40 birds per replicate for 32 days. The treatments consisted of a basal diet (control group), basal diet + 0.02% zinc bacitracin (AGP group), basal diet + 0.

Target protein identification in live cells and organisms with a non-diffusive proximity tagging system.

Identifying target proteins for bioactive molecules is essential for understanding their mechanisms, developing improved derivatives, and minimizing off-target effects. Despite advances in target identification (target-ID) technologies, significant challenges remain, impeding drug development. Most target-ID methods use cell lysates, but maintaining an intact cellular context is vital for capturing specific drug-protein interactions, such as those with transient protein complexes and membrane-associated proteins.

Pan African Vivax and Ovale Network (PAVON) Malaria Diagnostic Competency Training: Offering Training Opportunities to Impact Malaria Elimination Strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PAVON has developed a malaria microscopy competency training scheme to augment competency in malaria microscopy. Here, data accrued from training activities between 2020 and 2023 in Botswana are presented. Three trainings were done for 37 central and peripheral level technicians for a two-week period.

HLA Class I and II Alleles in Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies Positive and Double-Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis Patients of Romanian Descent.

: Several significant associations between certain Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles and myasthenia gravis (MG) subtypes were established in populations from Western Europe and North America and, to a lesser extent, from China and Japan. However, such data are scarcely available for Eastern Europe. This study aimed to analyze the associations of HLA Class I and II alleles with MG and its serological subtypes (with anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies, RAch+MG, and double-seronegative, dSNMG) in myasthenic patients of Romanian descent.

Low Renalase Levels in Newly Diagnosed CML: Dysregulation Sensitive to Modulation by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

A dysregulated proinflammatory microenvironment is considered one of the reasons why current therapies of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) do not secure disease control. Therefore, the development of BCR-ABL1-independent therapies is encouraged. Renalase (RNLS) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits both enzymatic and non-enzymatic cytokine-like properties, along with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

Rat Models in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Implications for Translational Studies.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths and limitations of commonly used rat models, such as single prolonged stress (SPS), stress-re-stress (S-R), and predator-based paradigms, in replicating human PTSD pathology.

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: microRNA Takes Center Stage.

The Journal Editorial Board Members would like to congratulate Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun, who were jointly awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discovery of microRNAs and the role of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation, uncovering a previously unknown layer of gene control in eukaryotes [...

Ocular adnexal lymphoma - A single-center observational study of survival outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively characterize the clinical, demographic, and histopathological features of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and assess their impact on patients' survival outcomes.

Methods: A total of 123 patients were included in the study; of these, 93 patients were selected for survival analysis. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, and correlation was assessed through the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis.

The Mitochondrial Blueprint: Unlocking Secondary Metabolite Production.

Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites, which are crucial for the survival and adaptation of organisms. These metabolites are synthesized during specific growth stages or in response to environmental stress, reflecting the organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. Mitochondria, while primarily known for their role in energy production, directly regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis by providing essential precursor molecules, energy, and reducing equivalents necessary for metabolic reactions.

Protective Role of Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: The expression of selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1), a molecule responsible for the absorption of selenium in the colon, is crucial for its immunoregulatory effect, but this phenomenon has not been studied in patients with UC. The present study aimed to determine the clinical outcome of SELENBP1 expression in colonic tissue from patients with UC.

Methods: The relative mRNA expression of SELENBP1 was analyzed in 34 patients with UC and 20 controls.

Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Genitourinary Tract.

Over the last decades, the human species has seen an increase in the incidence of pathologies linked to the genitourinary tract. Observations in animals have allowed us to link these increases, at least in part, to changes in the environment and, in particular, to an increasing presence of endocrine disruptors. These can be physical agents, such as light or heat; natural products, such as phytoestrogens; or chemicals produced by humans.

Newborn Screening for Six Primary Conditions in a Clinical Setting in Morocco.

Unlabelled: Newborn screening (NBS) represents an important public health measure for the early detection of specified disorders; such screening can prevent disability and death, not only from metabolic disorders but also from endocrine, hematologic, immune, and cardiac disorders. Screening for critical congenital conditions affecting newborns' health is a great challenge, especially in developing countries such as Morocco, where NBS program infrastructure is lacking. In addition, the consanguinity rate is high in Morocco.

Regulatory Role of Vacuolar Calcium Transport Proteins in Growth, Calcium Signaling, and Cellulase Production in .

Recent research has revealed the calcium signaling significance in the production of cellulases in . While vacuoles serve as the primary calcium storage within cells, the function of vacuolar calcium transporter proteins in this process remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a functional characterization of four vacuolar calcium transport proteins in .

Analyses of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structures of spp. Clinical Isolates from Paraíba, Brazil.

Unlabelled: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of global distribution, capable of affecting both humans and animals, and caused by species of the genus spp. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and mating type distribution of clinical isolates of human sporotrichosis in Paraíba, Brazil, to better understand the population structure, epidemiology, and diversification of this pathogen, as well as to explore possible transmission routes.

Methods: A total of 36 clinical isolates were morphologically identified, and clinical and demographic data were collected.

Current Analytical Methods and Challenges for the Clinical Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection.

In the last decade, pulmonary fungal infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) have increased in incidence due to the increased number of immunocompromised individuals. This increase is especially problematic when considering mortality rates associated with IPA are upwards of 70%. This high mortality rate is due to, in part, the length of time it takes to diagnose a patient with IPA.

Resynthesis of Damaged Fe-S Cluster Proteins Protects Against Oxidative Stress in the Absence of Mn-Superoxide Dismutase.

The importance of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), an evolutionarily ancient metalloenzyme that maintains the integrity and function of mitochondria, was studied in oxidative stress-treated cultures. Deletion of the Mn-SOD gene () increased both the menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-elicited oxidative stress and the deferiprone (DFP)-induced iron limitation stress sensitivity of the strain. Moreover, DFP treatment enhanced the MSB sensitivity of both the gene deletion mutant and the reference strain.

Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Emerging Therapeutic Modality?

Maintaining the physiological function of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Damage to these structures can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular problems, especially in individuals with risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with ischemic disease and has a negative impact on overall cardiovascular health.

The Use of Hybrid CNN-RNN Deep Learning Models to Discriminate Tumor Tissue in Dynamic Breast Thermography.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women worldwide, and early detection can help reduce the death rate. Infrared thermography has gained popularity as a non-invasive and rapid method for detecting this pathology and can be further enhanced by applying neural networks to extract spatial and even temporal data derived from breast thermographic images if they are acquired sequentially. In this study, we evaluated hybrid convolutional-recurrent neural network (CNN-RNN) models based on five state-of-the-art pre-trained CNN architectures coupled with three RNNs to discern tumor abnormalities in dynamic breast thermographic images.

Decellularized Green and Brown Macroalgae as Cellulose Matrices for Tissue Engineering.

Scaffolds resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide structural support for cells in the engineering of tissue constructs. Various material sources and fabrication techniques have been employed in scaffold production. Cellulose-based matrices are of interest due to their abundant supply, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and biological inertness.

Characteristics and Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Multifunctional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in MEC1 and RM1 Cell Lines.

The rapid progress in nanotechnology has introduced multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles as promising agents in cancer treatment. This research focused on the synthesis and assessment of citric-acid-coated, folic-acid-conjugated nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin, evaluating their therapeutic potential in tumor models. An advanced automated continuous technology line (CTL) utilizing a controlled co-precipitation method was employed to produce highly dispersive, multifunctional nanofluids with a narrow size distribution.

First Clinical Application of Aztreonam-Avibactam in Treating Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Insights from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Simulations.

: A novel fixed combination of aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) offers promising potential to treat infections with carbapenem-resistant (CRE) producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of population pharmacokinetic (PK) models for ATM-AVI in predicting in vivo concentrations in a critically ill patient with CRE infection during its first clinical use. : A 70-year-old male with septic shock due to hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by MBL-producing was treated with ATM-AVI.