1,720,828 results match your criteria: "Immunity & Inflammation and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta[Affiliation]"

Background: Vaccination is a key measure in influenza control, yet global coverage rates remain low, although previous research reported an increase in influenza vaccination coverage rates (VCR) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess whether these changes were sustained over time by analyzing VCR trends from 2012 to 2023 in the countries included in the FluCov project.

Methods: Data on influenza VCR from 2012 to 2023 for different age and risk groups were extracted from national health organizations and international sources for countries included in the FluCov project.

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Background: Understanding of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is complicated by disparities among studies.

Objective: Compare clinical findings and outcome in horses involved in 2 recent EHM outbreaks.

Animals: Twenty-five and 10 horses affected during 2 natural EHM outbreaks were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) in 2021 and 2023, respectively.

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In RNA interference (RNAi), long double-stranded RNA is cleaved by the Dicer endonuclease into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which guide degradation of complementary RNAs. While RNAi mediates antiviral innate immunity in plants and many invertebrates, vertebrates have adopted a sequence-independent response and their Dicer produces siRNAs inefficiently because it is adapted to process small hairpin microRNA precursors in the gene-regulating microRNA pathway. Mammalian endogenous RNAi is thus a rudimentary pathway of unclear significance.

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Dinucleases of the DEDD superfamily, such as oligoribonuclease, Rexo2 and nanoRNase C, catalyze the essential final step of RNA degradation, the conversion of di- to mononucleotides. The active sites of these enzymes are optimized for substrates that are two nucleotides long, and do not discriminate between RNA and DNA. Here, we identified a novel DEDD subfamily, members of which function as dedicated deoxydinucleases (diDNases) that specifically hydrolyze single-stranded DNA dinucleotides in a sequence-independent manner.

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The mismatch between the nutrient intake from the diet and the output by the mammary gland causes a negative energy balance in transition dairy cows, that, if excessive, can promote several metabolic disorders. Other relevant phenomena occur during transition, such as inflammation at calving and changes in immunocompetence, redox balance, and mineral metabolism. Despite the efforts, some aspects of the adaptive mechanisms observed in the transition period still need to be clarified.

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Genetic associations of colostrum yield with antibodies concentration and gross composition for selective breeding in Italian Holsteins.

J Dairy Sci

January 2025

Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.

The quality of bovine colostrum, primarily determined by IgG concentration, is essential for the transfer of passive immunity and the development of the gastrointestinal tract in neonates. High IgG concentration in bovine colostrum (BC) is pivotal for the calf at first meal; however, while neonates often refuse to voluntarily drink the recommended amount of BC in the first hours of life, the dam frequently fails to produce a sufficient volume of colostrum at first milking. This study seeks to estimate the h of colostrum yield (CY) and its genetic correlations with total Ig, IgG, protein, and fat concentrations for the first time in the Italian Holstein population.

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Lack of correlation between school reopening and trends in adult COVID-19 hospitalisations and death rates during the Delta and early Omicron periods: an ecological analysis of five countries.

J Infect

January 2025

Asia-Pacific Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. Electronic address:

Objectives: In this ecological study, we describe SARS-CoV-2 case incidence for school age and adult populations, COVID-19 hospitalisation and death rates during Delta and the early Omicron periods, before and after schools reopened in five countries.

Methods: Data were extracted from government websites. Cases and COVID-19 hospitalisation and death incidence rates were calculated during the Delta and early Omicron periods in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland and the United Kingdom, for two weeks preceding and six weeks after schools reopened.

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This prospective, controlled field trial aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of mares in late pregnancy with a commercial stud feed balancer on the transfer of passive immunity to their foals. Eighty-two pregnant mares on a single stud farm that were eligible for inclusion were assigned into two groups (Intervention and Control) based primarily on existing social groupings. Between 64-224 days prepartum, all mares received the same forage-based diet but mares in the Intervention group received an in-feed commercial stud feed balancer and mares in the Control group received the stud's home-mix concentrate.

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Ageing underlies functional decline of the brain and is the primary risk factor for several neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms that cause functional decline of the brain during ageing, and how these contribute to AD pathogenesis, are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify biological processes that are altered during ageing in the hippocampus and that modify Ad risk and lifespan, and then to identify putative gene drivers of these programmes.

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Peripheral blood immune cell dynamics associate with growth of incidental indeterminate pulmonary nodules.

Respir Med

January 2025

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: Previous studies suggest peripheral blood immune cells associate with the progression and prognosis of lung cancer. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of peripheral immune cell and its dynamics with the growth of pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Method: Of 9280 subjects whom had blood cell counts and chest CT scan in health check-up, 1068 participants were enrolled with the incidental pulmonary nodules of above 5mm in diameter and subsequently followed up for 2 years.

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Mast Cells and Arteriogenesis: A Systematic Review.

Cardiovasc Pathol

January 2025

Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies; Department of Pathology, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, College of Medical Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address:

Vascular occlusive diseases remain a major health burden worldwide, necessitating a deeper understanding of the adaptive responses that mitigate their impact. Arteriogenesis, the growth and remodeling of collateral vessels in response to arterial occlusion, is a vital defense mechanism that counteracts fluid shear stress-induced vascular stenosis or occlusion. While physical factors driving arteriogenesis have been extensively studied, the specific cellular mediators involved are poorly understood.

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Background And Purpose: This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of an anti-signal-recognition particle 54 (anti-SRP54) antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as the clinical, serological, and pathological characteristics of patients with SRP immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM).

Methods: We evaluated 87 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and 107 healthy participants between January 2002 and December 2023. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for anti-SRP54 antibodies were assessed, and the clinical profiles of patients with anti-SRP54 antibodies were determined.

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Background/aims: Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disorder following non-specific triggers. Involvement of immune system is widely accepted for pathogenesis studies have demonstrated importance of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) are acid-suppressive drugs widely used for acid related gastrointestinal diseases, and prolonged use has been associated with altered gut microbiota.

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Background/aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in treating cancer. However, various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have become prevalent, with ICI-induced colitis being the most common gastrointestinal irAE. Thus, we aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of ICI-induced colitis in Korean patients with cancer.

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This case study explores the effectiveness of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell-based immunotherapy in a 49-year-old male patient with inoperable stage IIIb cholangiocarcinoma, characterized by high levels of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT2) in immune cells. Despite an initial lack of tumor reduction following chemotherapy, the patient showed a significant decrease in tumor markers and stabilization of the tumor after undergoing radiation and proton therapy. Subsequently, CIK cell therapy, combined with high-dose vitamin C, was administered 52 times over 6 years.

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Enhanced immunogenicity of a BoHV-1 gG-/tk- vaccine.

Vaccine

January 2025

National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address:

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is a widespread respiratory infection that significantly impacts cattle health worldwide. To address this issue in China, we previously developed a novel double gene-deleted vaccine targeting gG and tk. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine by challenging vaccinated cattle with a prevalent wild-type BoHV-1 strain and comparing its effectiveness against a commercially available inactivated BoHV-1 vaccine.

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A comprehensive analysis of serotype-specific invasive capacity, clinical presentations, and mortality trends of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Vaccine

January 2025

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduced invasive disease, but the overall prevalence of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization among children has not changed significantly. Our knowledge of which serotypes, once colonized, hold a higher likelihood to cause invasive disease is limited.

Methods: Serotype-specific invasive capacity (IC) of Streptococcus pneumoniae was estimated using an enhanced population-based invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance in children <7 years of age in Massachusetts and surveillance of nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization in selected Massachusetts communities in corresponding respiratory seasons.

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Parental vaccine hesitancy: Recent evidences support the need to implement targeted communication strategies.

J Infect Public Health

January 2025

Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples 80138, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples 80138, Italy; Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

In 2018, Europe experienced a surge in measles cases, revealing the consequences of suboptimal immunization coverage. This trend was exacerbated by long-standing vaccine hesitancy. Parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines have increasingly shifted, influenced by ethical, religious, and safety concerns.

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Introduction: After a pandemic outbreak, designing and implementing an effective vaccine supply chain is key. The last-mile vaccine delivery (LMVD) - the last stage of the vaccine supply chain - is of particular importance. LMVD design choices, such as the delivery mode (e.

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Effect of microencapsulated Fiber2-displaying probiotics loaded with inulin nanoparticles on immunity against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in chickens.

Poult Sci

January 2025

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. Electronic address:

In this study, phthalate inulin nanoparticles (PINs) were chemically modified and characterized. The internalization of PINs into the probiotic E. faecalis, which delivering Fiber2 protein of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), was investigated.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of E.coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on immune responses, blood parameters, oxidative stress, egg quality, and performance of laying Japanese quail. A total of one-hundred day-old quail chicks were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments based on probiotic concentration: 1 (0 CFU/mL; control), 2 (10 CFU/mL), 3 (10 CFU/mL), and 4 (10 CFU/mL).

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Association of systemic inflammation and long-term dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort.

Psychoneuroendocrinology

December 2024

Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC,  Brazil; Hospital São José Research Center, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.

COVID-19 has significant long-term impacts, including a chronic syndrome known as long-COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms post-recovery. The inflammatory response during acute infection is hypothesized to influence long-term outcomes. This study aimed to identify inflammatory biomarkers predictive of functional outcomes one year after hospital discharge.

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Social capital and vaccination compliance: Evidence from Italy.

Econ Hum Biol

December 2024

Department of Economics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Dorsoduro 3256, 30123 Venice, Italy; CHILD - Collegio Carlo Alberto, Piazza Arbarello 8, 10122 Torino, Italy. Electronic address:

Exploiting high-frequency vaccination data for COVID-19 and social capital measures at the municipal level in Italy between January and October 2021, this paper estimates the effect of social capital on vaccination compliance. We find that weekly vaccination coverage increased up to 1.60 percentage points more in municipalities with higher social capital.

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Introduction: Children with wheeze and asthma present with airway epithelial vulnerabilities, such as impaired responses to viral infection. It is postulated that the in utero environment may contribute to the development of airway epithelial vulnerabilities. The aims of the study were to establish whether the receptors for rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are expressed in the amniotic membrane and whether the pattern of expression is similar to newborn nasal epithelium.

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