Bond Strength of Nanocomposite Hard Liner to CAD-CAM Milled, 3D Printed, and Conventionally Fabricated Denture Base Resins.

Background: To investigate the effect of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrONPs) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of hard denture lines bonded to different denture base resins.

Methods: Five different denture bases were used in this study: conventional heat-cured resin, IvoCad, AvaDent, NextDent, and FormLabs, in acrylic specimens of 10 × 10 × 2.5 mm (N = 150, n = 10).

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Caries Detection: A Review.

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted the field of dentistry, particularly in diagnostic imaging for caries detection. This review critically examines the current state of AI applications in caries detection, focusing on the performance and accuracy of various AI techniques. We evaluated 40 studies from the past 23 years, carefully selected for their relevance and quality.

Antidepressant medications in women aged 40 and older and the risk of fragility fractures: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Antidepressants and menopause are risk factors which are independently associated with an increased risk of fractures. This review aims to investigate the risk of fragility fractures in women aged 40 and older and prescribed antidepressants.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to 1 June 2024.

Comparing short-axis versus long-axis ultrasound-guided techniques for internal jugular vein cannulation: A meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and safety.

Introduction: Central venous access plays a crucial role in various clinical settings, and ultrasound guidance has become increasingly popular for improving its safety and success rates. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the short-axis (SAX) and long-axis (LAX) ultrasound-guided techniques for internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation in terms of first needle pass success rate, number of cannulation attempts, access time, guidewire insertion time, posterior IJV wall puncture, arterial puncture, haematoma and catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SAX and LAX techniques for IJV cannulation on adults were included.

Morphological Variation of Lip Patterns among Nepali Adults.

Background Lip patterns are normal lines and fissures in the form of wrinkles and grooves present in the zone of transition of the human lip between the inner labial mucosa and the outer skin. Lip patterns are said to be unchangeable and unique. Objective To determine predominant lip patterns found among the Nepali population and to evaluate whether any sex difference exists.

Unravelling the Programmed Inflammation and Tissue Repair by a Multipotential Antimicrobial K21 Silane.

Aims And Objectives: To examine if a novel antimicrobial silane K21 can alter macrophage polarisation and affect fibroblast proliferation by deciphering the molecular pathways for programmed healing using a combined in vitro and in vivo (animal) burn model.

Materials And Methods: An injectable silane-based antimicrobial aimed to modulate macrophage polarisation was manufactured. Experimental analysis included colorimetric cell migration assays on gingival fibroblasts, macrophage phagocytosis characterisation, immunofluorescence staining, triacylglycerol accumulation within macrophages by LCMS, cellular metabolic/proliferation assays, macrophage exposure quantification with morphology assessment using FE-SEM, Raman spectral analysis, RNA isolation for relative gene expression and animal study model to morphometrically and microscopically analyse partial thickness burn wound healing under QAS/K21.

Impact of age and sex on heart rate variability and cardiometabolic function in healthy adults.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure of cardiac autonomic function. A clearer understanding as to whether resting autonomic function represented by HRV could be associated with changes in peak exercise cardiac function remains unanswered. This study evaluated the effect of age and sex on HRV, cardiometabolic function, and determined the correlation between HRV and cardiac function in healthy individuals.

A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses of gene therapy for hemophilia type A and B.

Background: In 2022-2023, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 2 novel gene therapies, valoctocogene roxaparvovec and etranacogene dezaparavovec, for hemophilia A and B, respectively. These one-time-administered gene therapies have been marketed at prices that create financial challenges for payers and patients. Understanding the magnitude and uncertainties around the long-term value of these therapies and how they can potentially relate to managed care practices is of high interest to the payer and patient community.

Effect of interproximal enamel reduction on interradicular bone volume in clear aligner therapy: a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography study.

Objectives: To assess the effect of inter-proximal enamel reduction (IPR) on interradicular bone volume and incisal inclination in patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (CAT).

Materials And Methods: The study sample consisted of 60 cases which underwent orthodontic CAT, in a private clinic in Dammam, KSA. A total of 120 CBCT scans (60 pre-treatment and 60 post- treatment) were measured using the CS 3D Imaging software to examine bone volume (using height, width, and depth of the interproximal area) and incisal inclination.

Effect of different forms of high-intensity interval training on V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage among middle-aged males.

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular exercise approach due to its potential to elicit significant physiological adaptations. However, limited research has compared the effects of different HIIT modalities on fitness parameters in middle-aged males. This study aimed to determine the effect of different HIIT on V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage among middle-aged males.

Contamination levels of toxic metals in selected traditional plants incense (gum).

Gums are polysaccharides, proteins, and minerals that occur naturally in seed coverings and as exudative resinous substance from woody plants. It is reported to have antibacterial, anticancer, blood sugar regulation, and immune system boosting properties. However, the presence of toxic metals in gum is caused for caution as these metals can be harmful if taken in high quantities.

Navigating challenges in radiography research: radiographers' perspectives in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Radiography is a crucial healthcare specialty that requires ongoing research to advance imaging technologies and techniques. Despite this, radiographers are faced with obstacles such as time constraints, lack of resources, and the need for training on new technologies, which can discourage their research involvement. This study aims to provide a more representative understanding of the radiography research culture in Saudi Arabia, building upon previous studies.

Accelerated Orthodontics: A Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 50 Cited Articles from 2012 to 2023.

Background And Objectives: Accelerated orthodontics represents a significant shift in dental practice aimed at reducing treatment times while maintaining optimal patient outcomes. This bibliometric analysis evaluated the research landscape of accelerated orthodontics from 2012 to 2023, focusing on publication trends, citation patterns, influential journals, leading institutions, and key contributors.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive search in Scopus identified 600 relevant articles, with the top 50 most-cited papers encompassing systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and experimental studies.

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare Decision-Making Processes: Perceptions of Caregivers in Saudi Arabia.

Background In the evolving landscape of healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing decision-making processes. Through advanced machine learning and data analytics, AI promises precision and personalized treatments, particularly impactful in diagnostics and personalized medicine. Aim and objectives This study aims to investigate the utilization and effectiveness of AI algorithms among healthcare caregivers, focusing on decision-making processes.

Multifaceted bone response to immunomodulatory magnesium implants: Osteopromotion at the interface and adipogenesis in the bone marrow.

Orthopedic implants made of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) provide an alternative to nondegradable implants for fracture repair. Widely reported to be pro-osteogenic, Mg implants are also believed to be anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic, but this is difficult to reconcile with the early clinical inflammation observed around these implants. Here, by surveying implant healing in a rat bone model, we determined the cellular responses and structural assembly of bone correlated with the surface changes of Mg implants inherent in degradation.

The conotoxin Contulakin-G reverses hypersensitivity observed in rodent models of cancer-induced bone pain without inducing tolerance or motor disturbance.

As the incidence and survival rates of patients with cancer continues to grow, an increasing number of people are living with comorbidities, which often manifests as cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). The majority of patients with CIBP report poor pain control from currently available analgesics. A conotoxin, Contulakin-G (CGX), has been demonstrated to be an antinociceptive agent in postsurgical and neuropathic pain states via a neurotensin receptor 2 (NTSR2)-mediated pathway.

Comparative evaluation of the effects of laser and chemical denture disinfectants on the surface characteristics of CAD-CAM and conventional denture resins: An in vitro experimental study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Ga-Al-Ar diode, Nd:YAG lasers, and chemical disinfectants (NaOCl, vinegar, and Corega) on surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (VHN) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), thermoplastic polyamide, milled and 3D-printed denture base resins.

Materials And Methods: About 432 specimens of PMMA, thermoplastic polyamide, milled, and 3D-printed resins were divided into six subgroups (n = 18): distilled water (control:C), Ga-Al-Ar diode laser (L1), Nd:YAG laser (L2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), vinegar (AA), and Corega (CR). Each specimen's Ra and VHN were measured.

Perspectives of Families and Healthcare Staff on the Design of Inpatient Hospital Rooms in Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to explore the relationship between the perspectives of both family members and healthcare staff regarding the design of hospital inpatient rooms. It investigates the impact of family presence on the healing environment and examines the influence of specific design elements within inpatient rooms on the extent of family presence. The positive impact of family presence in healthcare settings is rooted in the notion that patients and their families are significant stakeholders in the care process.

Evaluation of Mechanical and Elemental Properties of Bioceramic-Coated Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel Surface.

Objective:  The aim is to coat orthodontic brackets with two different bioactive materials and to compare the mechanical and morphological properties of coated brackets and tooth surfaces.

Materials And Methods:  A total of 120 stainless steel brackets were divided equally into three groups, that is, the uncoated brackets and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)-coated, and nanobioactive glass (nBG)-coated brackets using a spin coater machine. The brackets were bonded on the enamel surface and underwent remineralization/demineralization cycles for days 1, 7, 14, and 30.

Prevalence and patterns of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia: A self-reported cross-sectional national study.

Purpose: Despite the surge of melatonin supplement consumption in recent years, data on the prevalence and patterns of melatonin usage in Saudi Arabia is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of sleep-related melatonin usage among adults in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey study conducted across all regions of Saudi Arabia.