Free-hand Frameless Pinless Electromagnetic-Navigation (AXIEM™)-Guided Brain Lesion Biopsies: An Institution Based Experience from a Low-Middle-Income Country.

Objectives: To evaluate the precision and safety of a novel technique of free-hand frameless pinless AXIEM™-based navigation guided biopsy of deep-seated brain lesions in a low-middle income country.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 patients who underwent free-hand frameless pinless AXIEM™-based navigation guided biopsy of deep-seated brain lesions using the Medtronic-Stealth S7 system over a 5-year period (January 2019 to December 2023) at the Department of Neurosurgery, Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Results: A total of 45 patients were included in this study.

Oligoastrocytoma: The Vanishing Entity With True Dual Genotype, a Report, its Molecular Profiles and Review of Literature.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas are classified as astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma based on the recent application of mutation, mutation, and 1p/19q co-deletion. Astrocytomas classically show and mutations, whereas oligodendrogliomas are defined by 1p/19q co-deletion. However, there are reports of gliomas that harbor both astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma morphologically and molecularly.

A Fusion Model of MRI Deep Transfer Learning and Radiomics for Discriminating between Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a fusion model combining MRI deep transfer learning (DTL) and radiomics for discriminating between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) in the sellar region.

Methods: This study included 348 patients with histologically confirmed PA (n = 139) and ACP (n = 209). Data were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts in a 7:3 ratio.

An agarose fluidic chip for high-throughput organoid imaging.

Modern cell and developmental biology increasingly relies on 3D cell culture systems such as organoids. However, routine interrogation with microscopy is often hindered by tedious, non-standardized sample mounting, limiting throughput. To address these bottlenecks, we have developed a pipeline for imaging intact organoids in flow, utilizing a transparent agarose fluidic chip that enables efficient and consistent recordings with theoretically unlimited throughput.

"Grade 4 Astrocytoma vs Grade 4 Glioblastoma: Is there any clue in H&E?".

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the CNS identifies IDH mutant astrocytomas grade 4 and IDH wild type glioblastomas grade 4 as distinct entities. This study aimed to identify morphological indicators that could predict IDH mutation status in grade 4 diffuse astrocytomas and grade 4 glioblastomas among fifty patients from two groups.

Segmentation of Low-Grade Brain Tumors Using Mutual Attention Multimodal MRI.

Early detection and precise characterization of brain tumors play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and extending survival rates. Among neuroimaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for brain tumor diagnostics due to its ability to produce high-contrast images across a variety of sequences, each highlighting distinct tissue characteristics. This study focuses on enabling multimodal MRI sequences to advance the automatic segmentation of low-grade astrocytomas, a challenging task due to their diffuse and irregular growth patterns.

Clinicopathological Parameters and Immunohistochemical Profiles in Correlation with MRI Characteristics in Glioblastomas.

Glioblastoma is considered the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment includes several components, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components like matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which facilitates the proliferation of endothelial cells with pro-angiogenic roles. The MRI characteristics of glioblastomas can contribute to determining the prognosis.

[A Novel Rat Glioblastoma 101/8 Model: A Comparative PET-CT Study with C6 Rat model].

Unlabelled: The development of new drugs in nuclear medicine for diagnosis or treatment (chemotherapy) of brain tumors, in particular gliomas, is inextricably linked with the use of tumor models in animals (usually rats).

Objective: To compare the widely used glioma cell model C6 and the new experimental tissue model of glioblastoma 101.8.

Neuroplasticity in glioblastoma: there is more to plasticity than just low grade glioma.

Neuroplasticity is well established in low grade glioma patients. Less is known about functional plasticity in glioblastomas. A 56-year-old lady presented with a recurrent speech deficit seventeen months after her initial craniotomy for a language eloquent glioblastoma (GBM).

[Pituicitoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1].

Pituicytoma is a rare low degree tumor that arises from pituicytes in the infundibulum and posterior pituitary gland. As they do not have characteristic radiological features, they can be misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma, meningioma, or craniopharyngioma. Clinically, patients can present with hormonal disturbances, headaches and visual field defects.

Permanent pacemaker implantation for atrioventricular block secondary to acute pancreatitis in a patient affected by panhypopituitarism.

Background: Hypopituitarism may trigger the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) through multiple mechanisms. AP may alter normal intracardiac conduction leading to an atrioventricular block. Due to the lack of similar cases, the correct timing and indication for pacemaker implantation in such a setting are unknown.

Early progressive disease within 2 years in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma may indicate radiation necrosis.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma without cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) homozygous deletion typically follows a slow clinical course. However, some cases show early progression on magnetic resonance imaging, and these characteristics remain under-reported. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma showing early progression on magnetic resonance imaging.

Predicting glioblastoma progression using MR diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Despite multimodal treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), recurrence beyond the initial tumor volume is inevitable. Moreover, conventional MRI has shortcomings that hinder the early detection of occult white matter tract infiltration by tumor, but diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a sensitive probe for assessing microstructural changes, facilitating the identification of progression before standard imaging. This sensitivity makes DTI a valuable tool for predicting recurrence.

Holocord intramedullary pilocytic astrocytoma mimicking holocord spinal abscess: a case report and literature review.

Purpose: This report aims to present a case of a child with holocord pilocytic astrocytoma and review the existing literature to provide insights into current management strategies.

Case Presentation: An 11-month-old patient presented with progressive quadriplegia and was initially diagnosed with a spinal abscess. MRI revealed a heterogeneously enhancing cystic intramedullary lesion extending from the cervicomedullary region to the conus medullaris.

Assessment of hypoxia and its dynamic evolution in glioblastoma via qBOLD MRI: a comparative study with metformin treatment.

Background: To investigate the accuracy of quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying hypoxia within glioblastoma and explore dynamic changes in oxygenation status of glioblastoma with and without metformin administration.

Methods: Three healthy and seven C6-bearing rats underwent 7-T qBOLD MRI. Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolism rate of O (CMRO) were calculated from qBOLD data.

Towards integrating imaging and immunology in glioblastoma: mapping blood immune system metrics to tumor magnetic resonance image data.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain cancer. It is a highly immunology-driven disease as up to a third of its mass is composed of immune cells. Apart from immunology, imaging is a major research frontier.

How I do it: preoperative simulation and augmented reality assisted surgical resection of Glioblastoma in Broca's area.

Background: The emergence of virtual reality and augmented reality makes preoperative simulation and intraoperative real-time guidance possible, especially for lesions in functional areas.

Method: Preoperatively, the virtual reality technique allowed the simulation of tumor resection while visualizing the fiber tracts. During resection, we used augmented reality to localize the terminations of dorsal language pathways and strictly followed the preoperative plan to perform the surgery.