Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.

The combination of hypertension with systemic inflammation during pregnancy is a hallmark of preeclampsia, but both processes also convey dynamic information about its antecedents and correlates (e.g., fetal growth restriction) and potentially related offspring sequelae.

The role of persistent right umbilical vein in the diagnosis of fetal genetic syndromes.

Introduction: Persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is an embryonic vascular abnormality. Recent studies suggested that the perinatal outcome was good and the risk of aneuploidy was low in isolated forms. Our purpose in this study was to assess the relation of PRUV with genetic abnormalities and demonstrate concomitant malformations and perinatal outcomes of these fetuses.

An Association Between Fetal Subarachnoid Space and Various Pathologies Using MR Imaging.

: This study aimed to explore a relationship between the fetal subarachnoid space (SAS) width and various fetal pathologies, employing fetal brain MRI scans. : A retrospective collection of fetal brain MRI scans of 78 fetuses was performed with sonographic indications of microcephaly, macrocephaly, or fetal growth restriction (FGR), during a 7-year period at a single tertiary center. The SAS width (named the SAS index) was manually measured in millimeters in ten specific anatomical locations (four in the axial plane and six in the coronal plane), and then converted to centiles by comparing it to (previously collected) data of apparently healthy fetuses.

Does Hypoxia Prompt Fetal Brain-Sparing in the Absence of Fetal Growth Restriction?

The fetus develops normally in a hypoxic environment but exaggerated hypoxia late in pregnancy is a worrisome sign often observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Serial fetal biometry and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR, calculated as the middle cerebral artery [MCA] / the umbilical artery [UmbA] pulsatility indices [PI]), are commonly used to indicate fetal "brain sparing" resulting from exaggerated fetal hypoxia. But unclear is the extent to which a low CPR indicates pathology or is a physiological response for maintaining cerebral blood flow.

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction.

Background: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy given the similarities in clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of PMD complicated by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the second trimester.

Assessment of the development of the central nervous system in fetuses with fetal growth restriction.

Objectives: To evaluate the development of the central nervous system in fetuses with fetal Growth Restriction.

Methods: A total of 146 pregnant women who underwent prenatal ultrasonography in Cangzhou People's Hospital from January 2022 to May 2024 were selected, all with singleton pregnancies. Among them, 73 fetuses were in the fetal growth restriction group, with ages ranging from 20 to 33 + 6 weeks.

Ultrasound shear wave elastography of the placenta: a potential tool for early detection of fetal growth restriction.

Background: Sonographic placental elastography has recently been employed as a non-invasive tool to investigate the structural alterations associated with various conditions such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and fetal growth restriction (FGR). The study was conducted based on the hypothesis that the placental elasticity might differ with varying severity of FGR and with that of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies.

Methods: This study involved 121 pregnant women, with 54 in the normal group and 67 in the FGR group, which was defined as the fetal weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age.

Foramen Ovale Pulsatility Index as an Early Affected Doppler Study among Abnormal Growth Fetuses: A Recent Insight for Practice Based on a Prospective Study.

Background: Routine Doppler study is a common tool for early diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) patients. It aimed to determine the role of the Foramen Ovale Pulsatility Index (FOPI) study beside routine Doppler study among patients with FGR and SGA fetuses.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 35 FGR, 32 SGA, and 33 Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) fetuses.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Warsaw Breakage Syndrome: Fetal Compound Heterozygous Variants in the DDX11 Gene Associated With Growth Restriction, Cerebral, and Extra-Cerebral Malformations.

Warsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS) is a rare autosomal recessive cohesinopathy characterized by growth retardation and congenital anomalies. This report aims to highlight the prenatal diagnosis of WABS through ultrasound findings and genetic testing. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of WABS in a 24-week gestation fetus exhibiting microcephaly, delayed sulcation, short corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts.

Role of Inflammatory Markers and Doppler Parameters in Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Machine-Learning Approach.

Objectives: This study evaluates the association of novel inflammatory markers and Doppler parameters in late-onset FGR (fetal growth restriction), utilizing a machine-learning approach to enhance predictive accuracy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Department of Perinatology, Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, from 2023 to 2024. The study included 240 patients between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation, divided equally between patients diagnosed with late-onset FGR and a control group.

Impact of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Placental Function and Implications for Fetal Programming.

Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation while pregnant has shown significant negative effects on the developing fetus. One fetal organ which has been studied is the placenta. The placenta performs all essential functions for fetal development, including nutrition, respiration, waste excretion, endocrine communication, and immunological functions.

Amniotic-umbilical-to-cerebral ratio, a Doppler index for estimating adverse perinatal outcomes in fetal growth restriction.

Objective: To evaluate amniotic fluid volume with Doppler parameters and its association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes (CAPOs) in fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted prospectively in a tertiary referral center between 2023 and 2024 on pregnant women diagnosed with early- and late-onset FGR. Fetal ultrasonographic measurements, including deepest vertical pocket (DVP) for amniotic fluid, and Doppler parameters including uterine artery (UtA) systolic/diastolic (S/D) and pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) S/D and PI, and umbilical artery (UA) S/D and PI, were conducted following fetal biometry.

Neonatal Anthropometric Measurements: A Comparison of Neonates With 3-T Fetal MRI Exposure, With 1.5-T Fetal MRI Exposure, and Without In-Utero MRI Exposure.

Fetal MRI is increasingly performed at 3 T. Nonetheless, safety concerns persist regarding potential increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction from in-utero 3-T MRI exposure. The purpose of this study was to compare neonatal anthropometric measurements between neonates who underwent 3-T fetal MRI, neonates who underwent 1.

Fetal epicardial fat thickness and modified myocardial performance index in late-onset fetal growth restriction.

Aim: In our study, we aimed to investigate the value of fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and modified myocardial performance index (mod-MPI) in fetal growth restriction (FGR) that develops after the 32nd week of gestation.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and were divided into two groups: pregnancies diagnosed with FGR after the 32nd week of gestation (FGR group) and those without (control group). Demographic and obstetric histories, ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics, fetal EFT and mod-MPI values, and neonatal outcomes of the groups were recorded, and comparisons were made between the groups.

The significance of assessing the umbilical cord on the placental side: A case report on fused umbilical arteries.

This report details the case of a fetus with fused umbilical arteries (FUAs), which exhibited the presence of a single umbilical artery near the site of placental insertion, as well as normal two umbilical arteries at the fetal end of the umbilical cord. In our case, as the pregnancy progressed, there was an occurrence of late-onset fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios. This is a possibility that FUAs might impact the development of the fetus.