1,481 results match your criteria: "Imaging in Herpes Encephalitis"
J Neuroimmunol
August 2023
Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, United States of America. Electronic address:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction. It can be triggered by various central nervous system pathologies including status epilepticus (SE) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis. Herpex simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a life-threatening, sporadic, encephalitis associated with focal or global cerebral dysfunction caused by herpes simplex viruses type 1(HSV-1), or less commonly, type 2(HSV-2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiol Case Rep
September 2023
Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Cerebral gliomatosis (GC) is a rare diffuse infiltrative growth pattern of glioma with nonspecific clinical manifestations like visual impairment that may involve bilateral temporal lobes. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and limbic encephalitis (LE) can also lead to temporal lobe involvement. Differentiating these entities is necessary for patients with misleading presentations and imaging findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
July 2023
Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
Herpes simplex encephalitis is a life-threatening disease of the central nervous system caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSVs). Following standard of care with antiviral acyclovir treatment, most patients still experience various neurological sequelae. Here we characterize HSV-1 infection of human brain organoids by combining single-cell RNA sequencing, electrophysiology and immunostaining.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrob Pathog
August 2023
University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. Electronic address:
Infect Drug Resist
June 2023
Department of Neurology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is becoming increasingly extensive in diagnosing herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). However, many HSE patients with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnosed by mNGS have been found during the clinical application. This study aimed to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics, supplementary examinations, and prognosis of patients with HSE whose cerebrospinal fluid was confirmed to be normal by mNGS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Crit Care
October 2023
INSERM, CIC 1414, Rennes, France; Infectious diseases department, CHU Ponchaillou, Rennes, France.
Purpose: Infectious encephalitis (IE) is a severe disease which requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 50% of cases. We aimed to describe characteristics, management and outcomes of IE patients who required ICU admission.
Materials And Methods: Ancillary study focusing on patients with ICU admission within the ENCEIF cohort, a French prospective observational multicentre study.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
November 2022
Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei061000, China.
The objective of this research was to analyze the MRI changes and the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe herpes simplex encephalitis. For this purpose, 68 patients with severe herpes simplex virus encephalitis diagnosed and treated in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the study objects of the study group. In addition, 68 healthy people who underwent normal physical examinations in our hospital were selected as the control group at the same time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroimmunol
May 2023
Department of Neurology, Dujiangyan Shoujia Hospital, Chengdu 611830, China. Electronic address:
Objective: To systematically evaluate the risk factors of post-encephalitis epilepsy (PEE).
Methods: Systematic computerized searches of databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE were performed. The meta-analysis of pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for PEE risk were calculated.
Mikrobiyol Bul
April 2023
Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mersin, Türkiye.
Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain parenchyma accompanied by mental or behavioral neurological dysfunction, sensory or motor deficits, speech or movement disorders, and seizure. Encephalitis is an acute, life-threatening emergency that requires prompt recognition and a systematic approach for appropriate management. Human herpes virus (HHV-7) is one of the causative agents of encephalitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpilepsy Res
May 2023
Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address:
Background: Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is associated with severe mortality and morbidity. Its incidence is estimated at 1:250 000, and the typical symptomatology of acute disease including headaches, mental state disturbances, confusion, sleepiness, and seizures. The chronic phase of the disease is occasionally characterized by epilepsy and neurological deficits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
May 2023
Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) encephalitis.
Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of five patients with anti-mGluR5 encephalitis, and performed a literature review.
Results: The five cases included a 52-year-old man who developed a biphasic course of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis, a 22-year-old woman who showed bilateral basal ganglia lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a 36-year-old man with mixed aphasia and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, a 51-year-old man presented with personality changes, hallucinations, delusions, sleeping disorders and a 58-year-old man with short-term memory deficits and absence seizures.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol
January 2023
Department of Neurology, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India.
Anti N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E) though rare, is currently considered as the commonest antibody mediated encephalitis in the world. No review on perspectives of NMDAR-E from India is available. The aim of the study was to review all the cases of NMDAR-E reported from India until June 2021 in terms of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment, and perform a comparison of adult and paediatric cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
April 2023
Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, China.
Neurosyphilis with mesiotemporal lobe lesions remains a difficult entity to diagnose, especially when it mimics herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Here, we report what appeared to be the first case of mesiotemporal imaging of neurosyphilis presenting as a "knife-cut" sign and mimicking HSE pathological hallmarks on imaging. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in neurosyphilis and HSE were indistinguishable in the initial diagnosis because of the common involvement of the mesiotemporal lobe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
May 2023
From the Department of Neurology (J.B., A.E.M.B., M.P., M.A.A.M.d.B., Y.S.C., R.F.N., J.M.d.V., M.J.T.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Unit (S.M., S.F., D.A.), Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Immunology (M.W.J.S.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; and Central Diagnostic Laboratory (J.G.M.C.D.), Maastricht UMC+, the Netherlands.
Background And Objectives: Determinants of disease activity and prognosis are limited in anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Neurofilament light chains (NfL) are markers of axonal damage and have been identified as valuable biomarkers for neurodegenerative and other neuroinflammatory disorders. We aimed to investigate serum NfL levels in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis as a biomarker for disease severity and outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
February 2023
Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, USA.
Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognized in clinical practice. We are presenting a 72-year-old female patient who initially presented with a new onset seizure with temporal lobe abnormality on imaging. This was initially attributed to herpes encephalitis although herpes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Neurol Int
February 2023
Department of Biomedical and Experimental, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania.
Background: Infections of the central nervous system might present in an acute form such as to be similar with the clinical characteristics of a stroke. This situation will hamper a correct diagnosis and a prompt treatment that can otherwise be successful.
Case Description: We present the case of a herpes virus encephalitis that came up in the emergency department with an admission diagnosis of ischemic cerebral accident.
Cureus
January 2023
Internal Medicine, Ascension St.Vincent's-Riverside, Jacksonville, USA.
Herpes simplex encephalitis is a rare disease presentation that is usually characterized by its temporal involvement and positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV PCR has a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 99%. Even when the test is negative, if clinical suspicion is high, acyclovir therapy should be continued with a repeated PCR within a week.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci Rural Pract
November 2022
Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Seizures are not common in cases with chronic liver disease. Overall seizures have been reported in 20-30% of cases in chronic liver disease associated with hepatic encephalopathy. We report two cases of chronic liver disease patients who presented with new-onset refractory focal status epilepticus (SE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Sci
January 2023
Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Nakaku, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Japan.
The main causes of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are ovarian teratoma and herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. We present a rare case of suspected anti-NMDAR encephalitis caused by corpus callosotomy (CC). An 18-year-old woman with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome underwent CC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
December 2022
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
Purpose: Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a herpesvirus infection of the retina with blinding complications. In this study, we sought to create a reproducible mouse model of ARN that mimics human disease to better understand innate immunity within the retina during virus infection.
Methods: C57Bl/6J wild type (WT) and type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR-/-) mice were infected with varying amounts of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) via subretinal injection.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
September 2022
From the Department of Radiology (S.F.K., M.K.K., R.S., G.O., T.A.G.M.H., N.K.D.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
Purpose: To determine the accuracy of MR imaging for diagnosis of meningitis in infants.
Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of infants less than 1 year of age who underwent a brain MR imaging for meningitis from 2010-2018. Gold standard for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was a positive bacterial CSF culture or a positive blood culture with an elevated CSF WBC count, and diagnosis of viral meningitis was a positive CSF PCR result and elevated CSF WBC count.
A 52-year-old male was carried to hospital by ambulance, because of an abrupt abnormal behavior and impaired consciousness. Soon after the arrival, the patient started a generalized seizure. Although the seizure was stopped by Midazolam, amnesia were observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
December 2022
The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China.
Rationale: This case is a rare manifestation of central nervous system infection of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2. Due to few studies in China, it provides a pathological basis for further diagnosis and treatment of HSV-2.
Patient Concerns: We describe a patient with HSV-2 virus infection who was diagnosed with HSV-2 encephalitis in a Chinese patient.
BMJ Case Rep
December 2022
General Surgery, Jersey General Hospital, Saint Helier, Jersey.
A woman in her late 70s with a history of liver transplant presented with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia, positive Babinski's sign and reduced consciousness. This followed an antecedent illness in the form of a herpes zoster infection. MRI of the brain/spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid analysis with viral PCR and routine blood tests were normal, and tacrolimus neurotoxicity was ruled out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPak J Pharm Sci
September 2022
Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India.
Acyclovir (ACY) is an antiviral class of drugs used to treat herpes simplex virus infections such as herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). ACY is widely distributed; Systemic exposure of ACY leads to serious adverse effects. Because of its high pH, intravenous ACY may cause phlebitis and local inflammation if extravasation occurs.
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