865 results match your criteria: "Imaging in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"

Modern pulmonary imaging can reveal underlying pathological and pathophysiological changes in the lungs of people with asthma, with important clinical implications. A multitude of imaging modalities are now used to examine underlying structure/function relationships including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, and endobronchial ultrasound. Imaging-based biomarkers from these techniques, including airway dimensions, blood vessel volumes, mucus scores, ventilation defect extent and air trapping extent, often have increased sensitivity compared to traditional lung function measurements, and are increasingly used as endpoints in clinical trials.

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Pulmonary MRI in Newborns and Children.

J Magn Reson Imaging

December 2024

POLARIS, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Lung MRI is an important tool in the assessment and monitoring of pediatric and neonatal lung disorders. MRI can provide both similar and complementary image contrast to computed tomography for imaging the lung macrostructure, and beyond this, a number of techniques have been developed for imaging the key functions of the lungs, namely ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange, through the use of free-breathing proton and hyperpolarized gas MRI. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in MRI methods that have found utility in pediatric and neonatal lung imaging, the structural and physiological information that can be gleaned from such images, and strategies that have been developed to deal with respiratory (and cardiac) motion, and other technological challenges.

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Background: Tracheomalacia (TM) is common in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated with respiratory morbidity. Assessment of TM was historically via bronchoscopy, but recent studies demonstrate that ultrashort echo-time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately assess TM in neonates.

Research Question: Do neonates with MRI-identified TM and BPD have increased respiratory morbidity through age 2 years?

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study of 54 subjects with BPD and assessed TM using UTE MRI at term-equivalent age.

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Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. The onset of pulmonary hypertension leads to worse respiratory outcomes. The contribution of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in BPD-PH is well reported.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study evaluated pulmonary hemodynamics in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) after mid-term follow-up using right heart catheterization (RHC) on 56 patients born before 28 weeks of gestation.
  • Out of the 10 infants with PH defined by ultrasound, 7 were treated with sildenafil, and results showed significant improvements in PH indicators at a median age of 25 months.
  • Despite improvements, half of the patients still had catheterization-defined PH, highlighting the need for continued long-term monitoring of BPD-associated PH in infants.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on assessing lung ventilation using hyperpolarized Xe MRI, comparing ventilation defect percentage (VDP) with defect distribution index (DDI) to measure how defects cluster spatially in various pulmonary diseases.
  • It involves 421 subjects, including healthy controls and individuals with various obstructive and restrictive lung conditions, analyzed using a 3T MRI system.
  • Results indicate that DDI is significantly higher in many pulmonary conditions compared to healthy controls, correlating well with VDP and pulmonary function tests, especially in obstructive disease groups.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The study explores the relationship between right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) and neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 62 neonates, aiming to find new diagnostic markers beyond traditional echocardiography metrics.
  • - Findings revealed that while most neonates showed normal heart function, those with PH exhibited higher tricuspid regurgitant velocity and left ventricle systolic eccentricity, with a reduced apical segmental strain in the BPD with PH subgroup.
  • - The Ratio of RV free wall strain emerged as a promising new indicator for diagnosing neonatal PH, with an area under the curve value of 0.846, indicating high diagnostic potential.
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Adults born preterm have lower peripheral skeletal muscle area and strength.

Sci Rep

September 2024

Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.

Prematurity is associated with lower exercise capacity, which relies on the integrity of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and skeletal muscle systems. Our animal model mimicking prematurity-associated conditions showed altered muscle composition and atrophy in adulthood. This study aimed to compare muscle composition and strength in adults born preterm versus full-term controls.

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The Clinical Approach to Interstitial Lung Disease in Childhood: A Narrative Review Article.

Children (Basel)

July 2024

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium of the lungs, which occur when a lung injury triggers an abnormal healing response, and an inflammatory process leads to altered diffusion and restrictive respiratory dysfunction. The term "interstitial" may be misleading, as other components of the lungs are usually also involved (epithelium, airways, endothelium, and so on). Pediatric conditions (childhood interstitial lung disease, chILD) are different from adult forms, as growing and developing lungs are affected and more diverse and less prevalent diseases are seen in childhood.

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An interdisciplinary consensus approach to pulmonary hypertension in developmental lung disease.

Eur Respir J

September 2024

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

It is increasingly recognised that diverse genetic respiratory disorders present as severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the neonate and young infant, but many controversies and uncertainties persist regarding optimal strategies for diagnosis and management to maximise long-term outcomes. To better define the nature of PH in the setting of developmental lung disease (DEVLD), in addition to the common diagnoses of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia, we established a multidisciplinary group of expert clinicians from stakeholder paediatric specialties to highlight current challenges and recommendations for clinical approaches, as well as counselling and support of families. In this review, we characterise clinical features of infants with DEVLD/DEVLD-PH and identify decision-making challenges including genetic evaluations, the role of lung biopsies, the use of imaging modalities and treatment approaches.

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Impact on neonatal morbidity of moderate to severe early foetal growth restriction defined by doppler criteria: multicentre study.

An Pediatr (Engl Ed)

August 2024

Unidad de Neonatología, Servicio de Pediatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain.

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a change in the conceptualization of foetal growth restriction (FGR), which has gone from being defined solely based on weight criteria to being defined and staged based on Doppler criteria. The aim of our study was to evaluate neonatal risk in a cohort of neonates with moderate to severe early-onset FGR defined by Doppler criteria.

Population And Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study in a cohort of neonates with early-onset foetal growth restriction and abnormal Doppler findings and a control cohort without Doppler abnormalities matched for sex and gestational age.

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To study a new method for establishing animal models of prenatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), we used lung ultrasound score (LUS) to semi-quantitatively assess the severity of lung lesions in model rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the right lung of the fetus of the rat under ultrasound-guided, and the right lung of the neonates were scanning for LUS. Specimens were collected for pathological scoring and detection of pulmonary surfactant-associated glycoprotein (SP)-C and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression quantity.

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Role of sex as a biological variable in neonatal alveolar macrophages.

Redox Biol

September 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA. Electronic address:

The lung macrophages play a crucial role in health and disease. Sexual dimorphism significantly impacts the phenotype and function of tissue-resident macrophages. The primary mechanisms responsible for sexually dimorphic outcomes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remain unidentified.

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Unlabelled: Moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been linked to increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), while lung ultrasound score (LUS) has been demonstrated to accurately predict BPD. We aimed to investigate the correlation of LUS as a marker of interstitial pulmonary edema and the severity of the ductal shunt in predicting future BPD development in very preterm infants. This secondary analysis of a prospective study recruited preterm infants with gestational age < 30 weeks.

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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Clin Chest Med

September 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue Box B-395, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease, associated with premature birth, that arises during the infantile period. It is an evolving disease process with an unchanged incidence due to advancements in neonatal care which allow for the survival of premature infants of lower gestational ages and birth weights. Currently, there are few effective interventions to prevent BPD.

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Imaging in Pediatric Lung Disease: Current Practice and Future Directions.

Clin Chest Med

September 2024

Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Cincinnati Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address:

Pediatric diseases present differently from adult diseases and imaging forms a cornerstone of modern pediatric care through differential diagnosis, disease monitoring, and measuring response to therapy. Imaging is especially well suited to providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms driving disease through structural and functional imaging. In this review, we describe key imaging findings in standard-of-care and state-of-the-art techniques in pediatric and adult diseases with origins in childhood.

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Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) impacts life expectancy and long-term quality of life. Currently, BPD mouse models exposed to high oxygen are frequently used, but to reevaluate their relevance to human BPD, we attempted an assessment using micro-computed tomography (µCT).

Methods: Newborn wildtype male mice underwent either 21% or 95% oxygen exposure for 4 days, followed until 8 wk.

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Corticosteroids alter kidney development and increase glomerular filtration rate in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Toxicol Sci

October 2024

Department I, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

Pharmaceutical drugs and other chemicals can impact organogenesis, either during pregnancy or by postnatal exposure of very preterm infants. Corticosteroids are administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery in order to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. In addition, high-dose corticosteroid exposure of very preterm infants regularly serves to maintain blood pressure and to prevent and treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a form of chronic lung disease in prematurely born infants.

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Retrospective evaluation of neonates with fatal congenital lung malformation: A single center 15-year forensic autopsy experience.

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

June 2024

Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Tongxinpo Road, Yuelu District Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.

Congenital lung malformation (CLM) is a leading cause of infant mortality. Clinical methods for diagnosing CLM mainly rely on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and Doppler. However, forensic identification of the cause of death in neonates is challenging.

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