The molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent phase separation of heat shock factor 1.

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the critical orchestrator of cell responses to heat shock, and its dysfunction is linked to various diseases. HSF1 undergoes phase separation upon heat shock, and its activity is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The molecular details underlying HSF1 phase separation, temperature sensing and PTM regulation remain poorly understood.

Ultra-low dose dual-layer detector spectral CT for pulmonary nodule screening: image quality and diagnostic performance.

Objectives: To investigate the image quality and diagnostic performance with ultra-low dose dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLSCT) by various reconstruction techniques for evaluation of pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Methods: Between April 2023 and December 2023, patients with suspected pulmonary nodules were prospectively enrolled and underwent regular-dose chest CT (RDCT; 120 kVp/automatic tube current) and ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT; 100 kVp/10 mAs) on a DLSCT scanner. ULDCT was reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), electron density map (EDM), and virtual monoenergetic images at 40 keV and 70 keV.

Decreased attenuation difference between non-contrast and portal-venous phases of CT predicts the ultrasonography-unspecified adnexal torsion.

Objectives: To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced CT in diagnosing ultrasonography-unspecified adnexal torsion (AT).

Methods: Surgically confirmed patients with painful pelvic masses (n = 165) were retrospectively collected from two institutes. Two senior radiologists independently reviewed the CT images and determined the Hounsfield unit difference between non-contrast vs portal venous phases (ΔHU) in both derivation and validation samples.

Patterns of Cerebellar-Cortical Structural Covariance Mirror Anatomical Connectivity of Sensorimotor and Cognitive Networks.

The cortex and cerebellum are densely connected through reciprocal input/output projections that form segregated circuits. These circuits are shown to differentially connect anterior lobules of the cerebellum to sensorimotor regions, and lobules Crus I and II to prefrontal regions. This differential connectivity pattern leads to the hypothesis that individual differences in structure should be related, especially for connected regions.

Role of data-driven regional growth model in shaping brain folding patterns.

The surface morphology of the developing mammalian brain is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction. Computational modeling offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms for early brain folding. Recent findings indicate significant regional variations in brain tissue growth, while the role of these variations in cortical development remains unclear.

Diagnostic Imaging for a Pectoralis Major Muscle Tear in a 30-Year-Old Weightlifter: A Case Report.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to describe the presentation of a patient with a pectoralis major tendon (PMJ) tear.

Clinical Features: A 30-year-old male weightlifter presented to a chiropractor with localized left arm pain that began while bench-pressing. Ecchymosis and swelling were present, but no contour abnormalities were seen.

Syphilitic Lymphadenitis and Clavicle Pathological Fracture Mimicking Malignant Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

A 66-year-old woman presented with 9 days of left clavicle pain, with no history of recent trauma. CT images showed a left clavicle fracture with a surrounding soft tissue mass. An 18F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed increased FDG uptake in the tonsils, multiple lymph nodes, and the pathologically fractured clavicle, initially suggesting malignancy.

Non-Invasive Assessment of VEGF and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer through Radiomic Features.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with delayed diagnosis often limiting effective treatment options. This study introduces a novel, non-invasive radiomics-based approach utilizing [18F] FDG PET/CT to predict VEGF status and survival in GC patients. The ability to non-invasively assess these parameters can significantly influence therapeutic decisions and outcomes.

The fission yeast SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase Slx8 functionally associates with clustered centromeres and the silent mating-type region at the nuclear periphery.

The SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) family is involved in multiple cellular processes via a wide range of mechanisms to maintain genome stability. One of the evolutionarily conserved functions of STUbL is to promote changes in the nuclear positioning of DNA lesions, targeting them to the nuclear periphery. In Schizossacharomyces pombe, the STUbL Slx8 is a regulator of SUMOylated proteins and promotes replication stress tolerance by counteracting the toxicity of SUMO conjugates.

Simultaneous Concentration and T Mapping of Brain Metabolites by Fast Multi-Echo Spectroscopic Imaging.

The purpose of this study was to produce metabolite-specific T and concentration maps in a clinically compatible time frame. A multi-TE 2D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) experiment (multi-echo single-shot MRSI [MESS-MRSI]) deployed truncated and partially sampled multi-echo trains from single scans and was combined with simultaneous multiparametric model fitting. It was tested in vivo for the brain in five healthy subjects.

A lifespan-generalizable skull-stripping model for magnetic resonance images that leverages prior knowledge from brain atlases.

In magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, an imaging-preprocessing step removes the skull and other non-brain tissue from the images. But methods for such a skull-stripping process often struggle with large data heterogeneity across medical sites and with dynamic changes in tissue contrast across lifespans. Here we report a skull-stripping model for magnetic resonance images that generalizes across lifespans by leveraging personalized priors from brain atlases.

Body Composition in Adults Born at Very Low Birthweight-A Sibling Study.

Background: Individuals born preterm at very low birthweight (VLBW, < 1500 g) tend to attain a smaller adult body size compared with term-born peers but less is known regarding specific body composition characteristics.

Objectives: We aimed to assess whether adults born at VLBW have less beneficial body composition characteristics, potentially mediating the association between VLBW birth and cardiometabolic disease. Sibling controls were used to account for the potential influence of shared genetic and/or lifestyle factors.

Determining the role of basophil activation testing in reported type 1 allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Background: Allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA), especially to penicillin, is the most commonly reported drug allergy by patients. Alternative antibiotics can yield negative consequences, such as extended hospitalization days due to less efficacy and overall higher costs. The basophil activation test (BAT) is an assay, in which activation of an individual's own basophils is quantified by flow cytometry.

Emerging nanoprobes for the features visualization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. In particular, the unpredictable rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VASPs) can cause serious cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and even sudden death. Therefore, early evaluation of the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques is of great importance.

Myocardial Fibroblast Activation After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Study.

Background: Myocardial fibrosis is a key healing response after myocardial infarction driven by activated fibroblasts. Gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([Ga]-FAPI) is a novel positron-emitting radiotracer that binds activated fibroblasts.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the intensity, distribution, and time-course of fibroblast activation after acute myocardial infarction.

High-Potency Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Birth Outcome Measures.

Pregnant women have limited information on the impact of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) alone. Our aim was to determine if PCE, without alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drug use, is associated with altered birth outcome measures in obstetrically low-risk women. In this observational cohort study, pregnant women were recruited between 2019 and 2022 from communities in Washington and Oregon, USA, and enrolled following their first trimester.

Novel MRI-based Hyper-Fused Radiomics for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Rationale And Objectives: To propose a novel MRI-based hyper-fused radiomic approach to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and ultra-multi-b-value (UMB) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired in BC patients who received NAT followed by surgery at two centers. Hyper-fused radiomic features (RFs) and conventional RFs were extracted from DCE-MRI or UMB-DWI.

Computed tomography derived predictors of left ventricular obstruction after TAVR.

Background: Left ventricular obstruction (LVO) is an infrequent complication following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) that can lead to severe hemodynamic decompensation. Previous studies have analyzed the pathophysiology of this clinical entity; however, little is known about the anatomical characteristics as assessed by computational tomography (CT) of patients at risk.

Methods: Data from 349 patients were retrospectively analyzed from a single center registry of patients undergoing TAVR at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, between January 2020 and December 2021.

Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Sonodynamic Therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

: To assess the anticancer effect of microbubbles (MBs) in combination with sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for the in vitro and in vivo treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). : HepG2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and singlet oxygen sensor green in vitro and in solution, respectively.

Disentangling the effect of sex from brain size on brain organization and cognitive functioning.

Neuroanatomical sex differences estimated in neuroimaging studies are confounded by total intracranial volume (TIV) as a major biological factor. Employing a matching approach widely used for causal modeling, we disentangled the effect of TIV from sex to study sex-differentiated brain aging trajectories, their relation to functional networks and cytoarchitectonic classes, brain allometry, and cognition. Using data from the UK Biobank, we created subsamples that removed, maintained, or exaggerated the TIV differences in the original sample.

Spatiotemporal Control Over Circadian Rhythms With Light.

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological oscillators that synchronize internal physiological processes and behaviors with external environmental changes, sustaining homeostasis and health. Disruption of circadian rhythms leads to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Despite the potential to restore healthy rhythms in the organism, pharmacological chronotherapy lacks spatial and temporal resolution.