Evidence on sex differences in sports performance.

Sex differences in sports performances continue to attract considerable scientific and public attention, driven in part by high profile cases of: ) biological male (XY) athletes who seek to compete in the female category after gender transition, and ) XY athletes with medical syndromes collectively known as disorders or differences of sex development (DSDs). In this perspective, we highlight scientific evidence that informs eligibility criteria and applicable regulations for sex categories in sports. There are profound sex differences in human performance in athletic events determined by strength, speed, power, endurance, and body size such that males outperform females.

Audit and Feedback Interventions for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: This systematic review evaluates the effect of audit and feedback (A&F) interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care and examines factors that may explain the variation in effectiveness.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving A&F interventions targeting antibiotic prescribing in primary care were included in the systematic review. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.

Trends and Complications of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Among Applicants for the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II and Maintenance of Certification Examinations: Analysis of Data Over a 15-Year Period.

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) and tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) are commonly performed surgical procedures that often have a high learning curve.

Purpose: To review the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II oral examination case list and the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) examination case list databases for trends in MPFLR (isolated and with concurrent TTO) and complication rates.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cognitive function in late adulthood: baseline findings from the IGNITE study.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognition in a large sample of older adults, and to examine clinical and demographic factors that might moderate these associations.

Methods: CRF was measured with a graded exercise test performed on a motorised treadmill. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to obtain latent factors reflecting core cognitive domains.

Influence of medical conditions on the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217/Aβ42.

Introduction: Blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) can enable early detection of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals. However, the extent to which common medical conditions affect biomarker performance remains unclear.

Methods: Participants (n = 348) included individuals without cognitive impairment.

Endoscopic Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening as a Treatment for Refractory Iliopsoas Impingement After Total Hip Arthroplasty Shows Favorable Functional Outcomes With No Impact on Range of Motion.

Purpose: To report the minimum 2-year clinical outcomes of endoscopic iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) in patients with recalcitrant iliopsoas tendinitis after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 2014 to 2020 for patients who underwent IFL after primary THA as part of our institutional hip outcomes registry. Patients were included if they had completed the following patient-reported outcomes preoperatively and at minimum 2-year follow-up: modified Harris Hip Score and visual analog scale score.

Demographic Disparities and Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy: Exploring the Impact of Social Determinants of Health in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of social deprivation on preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes following hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods: Patients undergoing primary HA for FAIS were identified, and their social deprivation index (SDI) score was assigned on the basis of the provided ZIP code. Quartiles (Q1 to Q4) were established using national percentiles, with Q4 representing patients from the areas of greatest deprivation.

A 15-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Sports Medicine Studies in : A Systematic Review.

Background: Orthopaedic sports medicine is among the most popular subspecialties. Understanding the trends in sports medicine research over time can offer insight into progress and innovation within the field. The purpose of this study was to assess both the quality of the current literature and trends in gender diversity and inclusion by evaluating publishing characteristics of sports medicine studies in The from 2007 to 2021.

Blunted Exercise Pressor Response to Isometric Knee Extension and Post Exercise Ischemia in Individuals with Down Syndrome.

Introduction: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit autonomic dysfunction, which contributes to reduced work capacity. The metaboreflex produces exercise-induced sympathoexcitation and can be assessed via post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). Blunted sympathoexcitation is common in individuals with DS and contributes to the physiological basis for reduced work capacity observed this population, but the influence of the metaboreflex is unknown.

A Novel Description of Medial Meniscus Vascularization: A Multicenter Study Introducing the "Medial Meniscal Artery".

Background: The microvasculature of the human meniscus has been previously described by Arnoczky and Warren. However, to date, the qualitative and quantitative extra-articular vascular anatomy of the medial meniscus has not been characterized.

Purposes: To perform a qualitative and quantitative anatomic study of the extra-articular medial meniscal vasculature and to introduce the novel "medial meniscal artery" (MMA), potentially providing future guidelines for the treatment of meniscal abnormalities.

The Genitofemoral Nerve Is the Structure Closest to the Tendon Footprint and Is Most at Risk for Iatrogenic Injury During Proximal Adductor Longus Repair: A Cadaveric Anatomy Study.

Purpose: To identify structures at risk during proximal adductor longus repair and to report observed distances between these structures and the adductor longus (AL) footprint.

Methods: Eight hemipelves from fresh cadaver whole-body specimens were dissected using a previously established surgical approach. The tendinous attachment of the AL was scored into the underlying bone and the footprint size was measured in millimeters.

Tensile Force Limits of the Sheep Spine: Comparison to Forces Required to Extricate Grain Entrapped Victims.

Objectives: Grain storage facility entrapments continue to be of concern in the agricultural industry, with nearly 1,500 documented incidents recorded over the last 45 years. Previous research studies have shown that attempting to extricate a full-size pulling test dummy from a grain mass requires a substantial amount of tensile or pull force - e.g.

Defining Clinically Significant Outcome Thresholds for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) at 2 Years After Gluteus Medius and/or Minimus Repair.

Background: Clinically significant outcome (CSO) thresholds are invaluable to the interpretation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is gaining popularity among the orthopaedic community; however, CSO thresholds for PROMIS are yet to be defined for outcomes after gluteus medius and/or minimus (GM) repair.

Purpose: To (1) define CSO thresholds for PROMIS-Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI) and PROMIS-Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) after GM repair, (2) correlate these PROMIS scores with legacy hip-specific PROs, and (3) quantify their floor and ceiling effects.

Paralabral Cysts with Associated Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Denervation: A Case Report.

Introduction: The shoulder is one of the most intricate articulation complexes in the human body. Any insult to its equilibrium can cause joint instability, pain, and dysfunction. The complex bony projections of the scapula, lengthy nature of the nerves, and extensive mobility of the joint places nerves at risk for impingement; this can, especially, be seen when examining the axillary and suprascapular nerves.

Radiographs Underestimate Lateral Center-Edge Angle and Tönnis Angle Measurements Compared to Computed Tomography Scan in Assessment of Borderline and Frank Acetabular Dysplasia.

Purpose: To compare lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and Tönnis angle (TA) values measured in radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans with commercially available software and to determine the degree of concurrence in the classification of acetabular dysplasia as depicted in radiographs and CT scans.

Methods: Retrospectively collected data from patients undergoing preoperative CT protocol and x-rays for hip arthroscopy from June 2019 to December 2021. The preoperative anteroposterior supine view of the pelvis was utilized to measure LCEA and TA, and measurements were compared to CT scan views through commercially available software.

Biometric Changes Up to 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes.

Background: Patients who undergo hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) require lower extremity immobilization for an extended period of time. Periods of immobilization combined with surgery have been associated with decreased muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD).

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize postoperative body composition and BMD changes after arthroscopy for FAI.

Steeper Slope of the Medial Tibial Plateau, Greater Varus Alignment, and Narrower Intercondylar Distance and Notch Width Increase Risk for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate the available literature on the relationship between knee bony morphology and medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) to determine which tibiofemoral morphologic risk factors may predispose the development of MMPRTs.

Methods: Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched to identify all relevant human clinical studies investigating knee morphologic features and MMPRTs. Shape features were compared between control groups and patients with MMPRTs.

Sex differences in elite track and field performances and inferences about steroid doping.

Females likely experience larger performance benefits from androgenic-anabolic steroids than males. We set out to determine if there were temporal differences in select athletics (track and field) records between females and males. Exploratory aims included: (1) evaluating the improvements in female and male world records over time, and (2) investigating the influence of doping programs on male and female world records before and after 1990, when sports governing bodies began to implement random out-of-competition and systematic in-competition drug testing.