Longitudinal associations of apathy and regional tau in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Introduction: It is important to study apathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) to better understand its underlying neurobiology and develop effective interventions. In the current study, we sought to examine the relationships between longitudinal apathy and regional tau burden in cognitively impaired older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

Methods: Three hundred and nineteen ADNI participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD dementia underwent flortaucipir (FTP) tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and clinical assessment with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) annually.

Comparing embedded performance validity indicators within the WAIS-IV Letter-Number sequencing subtest to Reliable Digit Span among adults referred for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This study investigated the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as an embedded performance validity indicator among adults undergoing an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation, and its potential incremental value over Reliable Digit Span (RDS). This cross-sectional study comprised 543 adults who underwent neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD. Patients were divided into valid ( = 480) and invalid ( = 63) groups based on multiple criterion performance validity tests.

Atherosclerosis and Hippocampal Volumes in Older Adults: The Role of Age and Blood Pressure.

Background: Lower hippocampal volume is associated with late-life cognitive decline and is an important, but nonspecific marker for clinical Alzheimer's dementia. Cerebrovascular disease may also be associated with hippocampal volume. Here we study the role of intracranial large vessel disease (atherosclerosis) in association with hippocampal volume and the potential role of age, average late-life blood pressure across all visits, and other factors (sex, apolipoprotein ε4 [ ε4], and diabetes).

Efficacy of Dynamics-based Features for Machine Learning Classification of Renal Hemodynamics.

Different machine learning approaches for analyzing renal hemodynamics using time series of arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow rate measurements in conscious rats are developed and compared. Particular emphasis is placed on features used for machine learning. The test scenario involves binary classification of Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from two different suppliers, with the suppliers' rat colonies having drifted slightly apart in hemodynamic characteristics.

Recent contributions to the field of subjective cognitive decline in aging: A literature review.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as self-experienced, persistent concerns of decline in cognitive capacity in the context of normal performance on objective cognitive measures. Although SCD was initially thought to represent the "worried well," these concerns can be linked to subtle brain changes prior to changes in objective cognitive performance and, therefore, in some individuals, SCD may represent the early stages of an underlying neurodegenerative disease process (e.g.

Memory and language cognitive data harmonization across the United States and Mexico.

Introduction: We used cultural neuropsychology-informed procedures to derive and validate harmonized scores representing memory and language across population-based studies in the United States and Mexico.

Methods: Data were from the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HRS-HCAP) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) Ancillary Study on Cognitive Aging (Mex-Cog). We statistically co-calibrated memory and language domains and performed differential item functioning (DIF) analysis using a cultural neuropsychological approach.

Multivariate examination of embedded indicators of performance validity for ADHD evaluations: A targeted approach.

This study investigated the individual and combined utility of 10 embedded validity indicators (EVIs) within executive functioning, attention/working memory, and processing speed measures in 585 adults referred for an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evaluation. Participants were categorized into invalid and valid performance groups as determined by scores from empirical performance validity indicators. Analyses revealed that all of the EVIs could meaningfully discriminate invalid from valid performers (AUCs = .

Suppressing Local Dendrite Hotspots via Current Density Redistribution Using a Superlithiophilic Membrane for Stable Lithium Metal Anode.

Li metal anode is considered as one of the most desirable candidates for next-generation battery due to its lowest electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity. However, undesirable dendrite growth severely exacerbates the interfacial stability, thus damaging battery performance and bringing safety concerns. Here, an efficient strategy is proposed to stabilize Li metal anode by digesting dendrites sprout using a 3D flexible superlithiophilic membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and ZnCl composite nanofibers (PZEM) as a protective layer.

MRI free water as a biomarker for cognitive performance: Validation in the MarkVCID consortium.

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical validity of free water (FW), a diffusion tensor imaging-based biomarker kit proposed by the MarkVCID consortium, by investigating the association between mean FW (mFW) and executive function.

Methods: Baseline mFW was related to a baseline composite measure of executive function (EFC), adjusting for relevant covariates, in three MarkVCID sub-cohorts, and replicated in five, large, independent legacy cohorts. In addition, we tested whether baseline mFW predicted accelerated EFC score decline (mean follow-up time: 1.

Lower Thermospheric Material Transport via Lagrangian Coherent Structures.

We show that inter-model variation due to under-constraint by observations impacts the ability to predict material transport in the lower thermosphere. Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), indicating regions of maximal separation (or convergence) in a time-varying flow, are derived in the lower thermosphere from models for several space shuttle water vapor plume events. We find that inter-model differences in thermospheric transport manifest in LCSs in a way that is more stringent than mean wind analyses.

Night-Time Ionospheric Localized Enhancements (NILE) Observed in North America Following Geomagnetic Disturbances.

The Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four-Dimensional (IDA4D) technique has been coupled to Sami3, which is another model of the ionosphere (SAMI3). In this application, ground-based and space-based GPS total electron content (TEC) data have been assimilated into SAMI3, while in-situ electron densities, autoscaled ionosonde NmF2, and reference GPS stations have been used for validation. IDA4D/SAMI3 shows that night-time ionospheric localized enhancements (NILE) are formed following geomagnetic storms in November 2003 and August 2018.

Retinal arteriolar parameters as a surrogate marker of intracranial vascular pathology.

Introduction: Development of novel diagnostic tools is a top research priority in vascular dementia. A major obstacle is the lack of a simple, non-invasive method to visualize cerebral arteriolar walls in vivo. Retinal arterioles offer a window into the cerebral circulation.

Lanthanide-mediated tuning of electronic and magnetic properties in heterotrimetallic cyclooctatetraenyl multidecker self-assemblies.

The synthesis of a novel family of homoleptic COT-based heterotrimetallic self-assemblies bearing the formula [LnKCa(COT)(THF)] (Ln(iii) = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) is reported followed by their X-ray crystallographic and magnetic characterization. All crystals conform to the monoclinic 2/ space group with a slight compression of the unit cell from 3396.4(2) Å to 3373.

Instrumental validation of free water, peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity, and white matter hyperintensities: MarkVCID neuroimaging kits.

Introduction: To describe the protocol and findings of the instrumental validation of three imaging-based biomarker kits selected by the MarkVCID consortium: free water (FW) and peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), both derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume derived from fluid attenuation inversion recovery and T1-weighted imaging.

Methods: The instrumental validation of imaging-based biomarker kits included inter-rater reliability among participating sites, test-retest repeatability, and inter-scanner reproducibility across three types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results: The three biomarkers demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.

Bayesian auxiliary variable model for birth records data with qualitative and quantitative responses.

Many applications involve data with qualitative and quantitative responses. When there is an association between the two responses, a joint model will produce improved results than fitting them separately. In this paper, a Bayesian method is proposed to jointly model such data.

Actinide arene-metalates: ion pairing effects on the electronic structure of unsupported uranium-arenide sandwich complexes.

Addition of [UI(THF)(μ-OMe)]·THF (·THF) to THF solutions containing 6 equiv. of K[CH] generates the heteroleptic dimeric complexes [K(18-crown-6)(THF)][U(η-CH)(η-CH)(μ-OMe)]·4THF (·4THF) and {[K(THF)][U(η-CH)(η-CH)(μ-OMe)]} () upon crystallization of the products in THF in the presence or absence of 18-crown-6, respectively. Both ·4THF and are thermally stable in the solid-state at room temperature; however, after crystallization, they become insoluble in THF or DME solutions and instead gradually decompose upon standing.

The stoic tooth root: how the mineral and extracellular matrix counterbalance to keep aged dentin stable.

Aging is a physiological process with profound impact on the biology and function of biosystems, including the human dentition. While resilient, human teeth undergo wear and disease, affecting overall physical, psychological, and social human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of tooth aging remain largely unknown.

Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Injury, and Renal Vasodysfunction Associated With Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Are Abolished in Consomic SS.BN1 Rats.

Background Abnormal renal hemodynamic responses to salt-loading are thought to contribute to salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension. However, this is based largely on studies in anesthetized animals, and little data are available in conscious SS and salt-resistant rats. Methods and Results We assessed arterial blood pressure, renal function, and renal blood flow during administration of a 0.

A Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics: Methods and Results of the First WHO Infodemiology Conference.

Background: An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. Owing to the global scale and high stakes of the health emergency, responding to the infodemic related to the pandemic is particularly urgent.

Transport of Nitric Oxide Via Lagrangian Coherent Structures Into the Top of the Polar Vortex.

The energetic particle precipitation (EPP) indirect effect (IE) refers to the downward transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NO = NO + NO) produced by EPP (EPP-NO) from the polar winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere to the stratosphere where it can destroy ozone. Previous studies of the EPP IE examined NO descent averaged over the polar region, but the work presented here considers longitudinal variations. We report that the January 2009 split Arctic vortex in the stratosphere left an imprint on the distribution of NO near the mesopause, and that the magnitude of EPP-NO descent in the upper mesosphere depends strongly on the planetary wave (PW) phase.