Optic nerve assessment with stereo photographs and ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope images.

Clinical Relevance: Clinical evaluation of the optic nerve using 3-D stereo disc photographs is considered the gold standard for estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios. Ultra-widefield retinal imaging has gained increasing popularity to document and screen the health of the retina and optic nerve.

Background: Glaucoma is often first identified or suspected based on initial optic nerve assessment.

A Pattern-Based OCT Metric for Glaucoma Detection.

Purpose: To develop and test a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) metric for the detection of glaucoma based on a logistic regression model (LRM) and known patterns of glaucomatous damage.

Methods: The six variables of the LRM were based on characteristic patterns of damage seen on the OCT thickness maps of the ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL+) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Two cohorts were used to develop the LRM.

Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution for dry eye disease: pooled analysis of two phase 3 clinical trials.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is commonly caused by excessive tear film evaporation due to Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). There is a need for DED treatment options that address tear evaporation and benefit patients across a broad range of demographic and disease characteristics. This study evaluated treatment effects of perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic drop (formerly NOV03) in the pooled dataset from 2 pivotal clinical trials in patients with DED associated with MGD, both in the overall population and in patient subgroups based on sex, age, and baseline severity of eye dryness.

Reference Database for a Novel Binocular Visual Function Perimeter: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To construct a comprehensive reference database (RDB) for a novel binocular automated perimeter.

Design: A four-site prospective randomized clinical trial.

Subjects And Controls: Three hundred fifty-six healthy subjects without ocular conditions that might affect visual function were categorized into 7 age groups.

Longitudinal refractive errors over 36 months in Hispanic and Black children.

Significance: This study brings awareness of racial/ethnic difference of refractive error characteristics in clinics.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess longitudinal change in refractive errors over a 36-month period in Hispanic and Black children.

Methods: Children (2.

2023 Global Survey of Optometry: Defining Variations of Practice, Regulation and Human Resources Between Countries.

Purpose: To provide information on the demographics of optometrists and regulation of the optometry profession in countries who were members of the World Council of Optometry (WCO) during the period 2022-2023.

Methods: A non-random, purposive sampling and a key informant strategy was employed to conduct a survey-based cross-sectional study on the professional landscape and distribution of optometrists; educational landscape; legislative aspects of the profession; and the scope of optometry practice in countries who were members of WCO during the period 2022-2023. Key informants were identified by WCO country members' leadership.

Image- and Impression-Based Technology in Scleral Lens Fitting for Keratoconus: Availability and Utilization.

Objective: Scleral lenses (SLs) can be customized using traditional diagnostic lens fitting or by using image- and/or impression-based technologies. This study describes the availability and usage of SL fitting technology in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: An online survey queried practitioners on the mode of practice, country of residence, and estimated number of SL fits completed for keratoconus.

Body mass index, diet, and outdoor activity linked with meibomian gland abnormalities in children.

Significance: Dry eye disease is frequently underdiagnosed in pediatric patients. Meibomian gland morphology abnormalities (atrophy and tortuosity) may be associated with dry eye. This study examined risk factors for gland morphology abnormalities in children.

Image- and impression-based technology for scleral lens fitting for keratoconus: Efficiency of the fitting process.

Purpose: This study describes efficiency of diagnostic, image-based, and impression-based fitting methods by eye care providers who prescribe scleral lenses (SL) for patients with keratoconus.

Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to eye care providers with an interest in SL fitting. Demographic data including practice modality, country of residence, and fitting volume were collected.

Patient-Reported Dry Eye Treatment and Burden of Care.

Objectives: Dry eye is a common condition that can decrease the quality of life. This survey-based study of persons with dry eye investigated self-reported treatments (initial, current), out-of-pocket expenses, time spent on self-management, sources of care, and sources of information about their condition.

Methods: Online dry eye newsletters and support groups were emailed a link to an electronic survey asking members to participate.

Lens and solution properties in patients with and without midday fogging.

Introduction: Midday fogging is a complication of scleral lens (SL) wear that interrupts clear vision during the course of wear. SLs can be made with a variety of gas permeable materials, sizes and surface treatments, and various solutions are available for storing the lenses and for filling them before application on the eye. Many of these factors have been implicated as possible contributors to midday fogging.

Prevalence of Keratoconus Based on Scheimpflug Corneal Tomography Metrics in a Pediatric Population From a Chicago-Based School Age Vision Clinic.

Purpose: Determine the pediatric prevalence of keratoconus (KC) using Scheimpflug corneal tomography.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done on subjects aged 3 to 18 years at the Princeton Vision Clinic, Chicago, IL. Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam HR, OCULUS Optikgerate GmbH) scans (Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia BAD3) yielded BAD Final D (Final D) and Back Elevation at the Thinnest Point (BETP) measurements.

Process and Outcomes of Fitting Corneoscleral Profilometry-Driven Scleral Lenses for Patients With Ocular Surface Disease.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of obtaining cornea scleral profile (CSP) measurements using Scheimpflug imaging and report on the fitting process of free-form custom scleral lenses (SLs) for patients with ocular surface disease (OSD).

Methods: This prospective study of patients fit with free-form SLs collected data on the following: demographics, indications for wear, corneal and scleral tomography, scan acquisition process, and SL fitting process.

Results: Cornea scleral profile scans were acquired on 15 eyes of nine patients.

Even-number measurement bias with Goldmann applanation tonometry in patients with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects.

Clinical Relevance: Goldmann applanation tonometry is widely used for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma and its use is considered standard of care. However, the precision of this method may be reduced by a clinician tendency to round to even numbers.

Background: Studies have previously demonstrated an even-number measurement bias with Goldmann applanation tonometry during examination of a general patient population.

Association of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Pediatric Vision Screening and Eye Care: An Analysis of the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health.

Purpose: Vision screening and regular eye care can help detect and treat potentially irreversible vision impairment. This study aims to investigate the associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the receipt of eye care among children aged 17 years and younger in the United States.

Design: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationally representative and population-based survey of randomly sampled households.

Retinal mid-peripheral capillary free zones are enlarged in cognitively unimpaired older adults at high risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Compared to standard neuro-diagnostic techniques, retinal biomarkers provide a probable low-cost and non-invasive alternative for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk screening. We have previously quantified the periarteriole and perivenule capillary free zones (mid-peripheral CFZs) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) young and older adults as novel metrics of retinal tissue oxygenation. There is a breakdown of the inner retinal blood barrier, pericyte loss, and capillary non-perfusion or dropout in AD leading to potential enlargement of the mid-peripheral CFZs.

Near prescribing trends in two low vision rehabilitation clinics over a ten-year period.

Clinical Relevance: Optical magnification (OM), electronic magnification (EM), and assistive technology (AT) can be prescribed in low vision rehabilitation (LVR) clinics for near vision goals of patients. This study shows the prescription of OM has not decreased with increased availability of EM and AT.

Background: Near visual goals are a primary concern for patients with visual impairment.

Is It Safe to Omit the 1-week Post-operative Examination after Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification?

Significance: The incidence of cataract surgery is increasing, accounting for a large percentage of eye care expenses. Scientific evidence supporting the medical necessity of the traditional post-operative schedule is lacking. Further studies are needed to optimize post-operative care to reduce the burden on patients and medical providers.