The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation efforts waned, viral respiratory infections (VRIs) surged, potentially increasing the risk of postviral invasive bacterial infections (IBIs). We sought to evaluate the change in epidemiology and relationships between specific VRIs and IBIs [complicated pneumonia, complicated sinusitis and invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS)] over time using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) dataset.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of all prospectively collected pediatric (<19 years old) and adult encounters at 58 N3C institutions, stratified by era: pre-pandemic (January 1, 2018, to February 28, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2023).

Singlets-Driven Photoredox Catalysts: Transforming Noncatalytic Red Fluorophores to Efficient Catalysts.

Red-light absorbing photoredox catalysts offer potential advantages for large-scale reactions, expanding the range of usable substrates and facilitating bio-orthogonal applications. While many red-light absorbing/emitting fluorophores have been developed recently, functional red-light absorbing photoredox catalysts are scarce. Many photoredox catalysts rely on long-lived triplet excited states (triplets), which can efficiently engage in single electron transfer (SET) reactions with substrates.

Systematic review: differences in complete blood count component rhythms.

Study Objectives: The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests with a large range of reference values that does not consider time of day for interpretation. Our objective was to systematically review this topic to report on peak and trough timing of CBC values.

Methods: A systematic search was performed for studies evaluating any component of the CBC with at least three collections over 24 hours.

Combined effect of confinement and dielectric exclusion on ion adsorption in slits, pores, and cavities.

We present simulation results for the Donnan equilibrium between a homogeneous bulk reservoir and inhomogeneous confining geometries with varying number of restricted dimensions, . Planar slits ( = 1), cylindrical pores ( = 2), and spherical cavities ( = 3) are considered. The walls have a negative surface charge density.

Virtual versus in-person didactic modalities: A national survey of emergency medicine residencies.

Background: Following the widespread shift from in-person to virtual delivery of didactics during the COVID-19 pandemic, some emergency medicine (EM) residency programs have retained virtual didactic time while others have returned exclusively to in-person didactics. In this national survey of EM residency programs, we explored the current national distribution of virtual versus in-person didactic time and the circumstances and motivators for use of each.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey with branched logic was designed via Qualtrics.

Cognitive abilities are associated with rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states.

Time-varying changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns, or connectome state dynamics, hold significant implications for cognition. However, connectome dynamics at fast (>1 Hz) timescales highly relevant to cognition are poorly understood due to the dominance of inherently slow fMRI in connectome studies. Here, we investigated the behavioral significance of rapid electrophysiological connectome dynamics using source-localized EEG connectomes during resting state ( = 926, 473 females).

Rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states are heritable.

Time-varying changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns, or connectome state dynamics, are a prominent feature of brain activity with broad functional implications. While infraslow (<0.1 Hz) connectome dynamics have been extensively studied with fMRI, rapid dynamics highly relevant for cognition are poorly understood.

Hemodynamic cortical ripples through cyclicity analysis.

A fine-grained understanding of dynamics in cortical networks is crucial to unpacking brain function. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) gives rise to time series recordings of the activity of different brain regions, which are aperiodic and lack a base frequency. Cyclicity analysis, a novel technique robust under time reparametrizations, is effective in recovering the temporal ordering of such time series, collectively considered components of a multidimensional trajectory.

Barriers to Interconception Care Delivery in Primary Care: Clinician, Staff, and Patient Perspectives.

Purpose: Many reproductive age women, cared for routinely by primary care providers (PCPs), would benefit from interconception care, yet a minority of primary care visits include interconception care. This study assessed barriers to providing interconception care from the perspective of primary care clinicians, staff, and patients.

Materials And Methods: Clinicians ( = 11), staff ( = 14), and patients eligible for interconception care ( = 6) from three primary care clinics in Chicago, Illinois participated in focus groups or interviews.

Utility of photon-counting detectors for MV-kV dual-energy computed tomography imaging.

Purpose: High soft-tissue contrast imaging is essential for effective radiotherapy treatment. This could potentially be realized using both megavoltage and kilovoltage x-ray sources available on some therapy treatment systems to perform "MV-kV" dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT). However, noisy megavoltage images obtained with existing energy-integrating detectors (EIDs) are a limiting factor for clinical translation.

Cardiac Recovery: Webcast September 24 2024.

This 61-minute webcast features a conversation about "Cardiac Recovery"-the focus of Issue 20.4. Led by the issue's editors, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Polyp Size and Surveillance Colonoscopy: A Phantom Study.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is a hot topic in the world of medicine. AI may be useful in identifying and sizing polyps, which influence surveillance intervals. Therefore, we examined polyp size estimation by AI using a survey study.

Considerations for the Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Colon and Rectal Surgery.

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience critical barriers to health care access and have unique health care needs that are often overlooked. Given the rise in individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer, colorectal surgeons are likely to care for increasing numbers of such individuals. Here, we discuss key barriers to health care access and research among SGM populations and outline approaches to address these barriers in clinical practice.

Snaplage residue as a fiber source for finishing beef cattle under grazing: effects on residue characteristics, cattle behavior and performance, and carcass traits.

The snaplage residue presents itself as a potential alternative roughage source in finishing systems, owing to its high fiber concentration which aids in maintaining rumen health. Nevertheless, the performance of animals will hinge on both the allowance and the nutritive value it offers. This study aimed to evaluate different stocking rates of heifers grazing snaplage residue as an exclusive source of fiber on finishing phase performance.

Impact of retraining and data partitions on the generalizability of a deep learning model in the task of COVID-19 classification on chest radiographs.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of different model retraining schemes and data partitioning on model performance in the task of COVID-19 classification on standard chest radiographs (CXRs), in the context of model generalizability.

Approach: Two datasets from the same institution were used: Set A (9860 patients, collected from 02/20/2020 to 02/03/2021) and Set B (5893 patients, collected from 03/15/2020 to 01/01/2022). An original deep learning (DL) model trained and tested in the task of COVID-19 classification using the initial partition of Set A achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.

Applications of mixed reality with medical imaging for training and clinical practice.

Purpose: This review summarizes the current use of extended reality (XR) including virtual reality (VR), mixed reality, and augmented reality (AR) in the medical field, ranging from medical imaging to training to preoperative planning. It covers the integration of these technologies into clinical practice and within medical training while discussing the challenges and future opportunities in this sphere. This will hopefully encourage more physicians to collaborate on integrating medicine and technology.

Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?

Background/objective: Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is an important cause of neurocognitive and motor impairment in children globally. In the United States, universal salt iodization, which began in the 1920s, led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism. However, iodine deficiency may be reemerging due to increased consumption of noniodized salts, decreased dairy iodine concentrations, and decreased intake of iodine containing foods due to food allergies, dietary preferences such as vegan diets, or restrictive food intake disorders.

Management of Dysglycemia in a Pregnancy Complicated by Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome.

Background/objective: Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is an inherited disorder of glucose metabolism resulting from functional loss of glucose transporter 2 characterized by fasting hypoglycemia oscillating with postprandial hyperglycemia. Dysglycemia treatment strategies during FBS pregnancy have not been reported, and insulin therapy carries significant risk due to fasting hypoglycemia in FBS. We report for the first time: (1) glycemic profiles obtained via continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), (2) CGM-guided strategies for cornstarch and nutritional therapy for fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia, respectively, and (3) placental glucose transporter 2 isoform expression in a pregnant individual with FBS.

Development of Nonketotic Hyperglycemia Requiring High-Dose Insulin After Supratherapeutic Amlodipine Ingestion.

Background/objective: Calcium channel blockers, when taken in overdose quantities, can cause hyperglycemia requiring so-called hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic therapy. The objective of this report was to describe a patient with calcium channel blocker toxicity resulting from overdose of amlodipine.

Case Report: A 74-year-old man presented with a fall and loss of consciousness.

Attenuation of neutrophil adhesion and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by pooled human immune globulins.

Introduction: This study investigated the efficacy of pooled human immune globulins (Flebogamma DIF) to combat the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETosis, along with neutrophil adhesion to corneal epithelial cells in response to dry eye disease relevant stimuli.

Methods: Human neutrophils were isolated by bead-based immunomagnetic depletion of non-target cells from human whole blood. NETosis was induced using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or anti-citrullinated histone 4 R3 antibody (H4R3 ACPA).

A Single Institution Experience With Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction: Impact of Insurance Coverage on Risk Reduction.

Background And Objectives: Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) performed to prevent breast cancer related lymphedema is not consistently covered by insurance payors in the United States.

Methods: Retrospective review was performed on a prospective database of ILR candidates from 2018 to 2022. Candidates were identified as patients with clinical axillary lymph node involvement at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

Association of COMT rs4680 Genotype With Chronic Neuropathic Pain Experience in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.

Purpose: The pain experience of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently consists of episodes of acute exacerbation. However, recent studies suggest that many patients who suffer from SCD have symptoms of chronic neuropathic pain. Additional research is needed to determine what role genotype plays in the patient's pain phenotype experience in SCD.

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes in Rare Disease: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Objectives: For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, especially those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. Personalized endpoints such as Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) allow the assessment of treatment response across variable baseline states and disease manifestations and thus provide a highly sensitive measure of efficacy. The current study tested the feasibility of using GAS in rare SCN2A-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (SCN2A-DEE).

Plasma treatment is associated with decreased brain lesion and resuscitation requirements after traumatic brain injury in a swine model of prolonged damage-control resuscitation.

Background: Hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are the leading causes of death in trauma. Future military conflicts are likely to be in austere environments, where prolonged damage-control resuscitation (p-DCR) may be required for 72 hours before evacuation. Previous studies showed that early administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) during p-DCR can significantly decrease the volume of resuscitation required in models of hemorrhagic shock and also provide neuroprotection after TBI.

Primary care follow-up improves outcomes in older adults following emergency general surgery admission.

Background: While preoperative optimization improves outcomes for older adults undergoing major elective surgery, no such optimization is possible in the emergent setting. Surgeons must identify postoperative interventions to improve outcomes among older emergency general surgery (EGS) patients. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the association between early follow-up with a primary care physician (PCP) and the risk of nursing home acceptance or death in the year following EGS admission among older adults.