Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: As Japan experiences a super-ageing society and caregiver manpower decreases, interest in the use of communication robots for active dementia care rises. In the U.S.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Acculturation is a relevant variable in the assessment of dementia. Little is known about the type of acculturation scales and the frequency in which they are used in dementia research among Latinos/Hispanics in the US. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of published studies that investigated the use of acculturation measures toward Latinos and Hispanics who are diagnosed with dementia.

Associations among rearing environment and the infant gut microbiome with early-life neurodevelopment and cognitive development in a nonhuman primate model ().

Early gut microbiome development may impact brain and behavioral development. Using a nonhuman primate model (), we investigated the association between social environments and the gut microbiome on infant neurodevelopment and cognitive function. Infant rhesus monkeys ( = 33) were either mother-peer-reared (MPR) or nursery-reared (NR).

Spectrum of Imaging Characteristics of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a bilateral, chronic posterior uveitis with characteristic clinical and imaging findings. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography is useful in diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease activity. Cystoid macular edema, choroidal thickening and infiltration, ellipsoid loss, and vasculitis are important imaging markers for disease activity.

Simultaneous Luminal and Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Cervical Arteries Using Nonenhanced 3D Quantitative Quiescent-Interval Slice-Selective Magnetic Resonance Angiography.

Background: Luminal and hemodynamic evaluations of the cervical arteries inform the diagnosis and management of patients with cervical arterial disease.

Purpose: To demonstrate a 3D nonenhanced quantitative quiescent interval slice-selective (qQISS) magnetic resonance angiographic (MRA) strategy that provides simultaneous hemodynamic and luminal evaluation of the cervical arteries.

Study Type: Prospective.

Deprescribing in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Patients' Perspectives: The Diabetes and Aging Study.

Background: Little is known about how patients' preferences, expectations, and beliefs (jointly referred to as perspectives) influence deprescribing. We evaluated the association of patients' self-reported perspectives with subsequent deprescribing of diabetes medications in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of 1629 pharmacologically treated adults ages 65-100 years with type 2 diabetes who received care at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) and participated in the Diabetes Preferences and Self-Care survey (2019).

Cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD and HF from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: a National Database.

Aims: To better characterize functional consequences of the presence of COPD on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with HF.

Methods And Results: Patients with any clinical indication for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were included in the international FRIEND registry. Diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) < 0.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectants in Healthcare Facilities Within Selected States in the United States of America.

Introduction Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are the active ingredient in the majority of disinfectants approved for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although widely used, they have been linked to infertility and birth defects in animals, and have been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokines, decrease mitochondrial function, and disrupt sterol biosynthetic pathways in a dose-dependent manner in humans. This study examined if there was an increased use of QAC-based disinfectants among healthcare settings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to bring to light the negative health outcomes that this rise in QAC exposure may pose.

Pixelation with concentration-encoded effective photons for quantitative molecular optical sectioning microscopy.

Irreproducibility in molecular optical sectioning microscopy has hindered the transformation of acquired digital images from qualitative descriptions to quantitative data. Although numerous tools, metrics, and phantoms have been developed, accurate quantitative comparisons of data from different microscopy systems with diverse acquisition conditions remains a challenge. Here, we develop a simple tool based on an absolute measurement of bulk fluorophore solutions with related Poisson photon statistics, to overcome this obstacle.

Novel Copy Number Deletion Involving Associated With Epilepsy, Tremor, and Intellectual Disability.

Copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to various disorders including intellectual disability, developmental disorders, and cancer. This study identifies a de novo 2.62 Mb deletion at 6q22.

Arthroscopic Transosseous-Equivalent Double-Row Rotator Cuff Repair Augmentation With Interpositional Demineralized Bone Fiber Implant.

Failure of rotator cuff repairs contributes to decreased patient satisfaction and quality of life. Biologic enhancement of repairs represents a novel augmentation strategy attempting to reproduce native healing while concomitantly potentially decreasing the existing high failure rates associated with rotator cuff repairs. Scaffolds placed on top of the rotator cuff have been widely studied, yet no recreation of the native enthesis is achieved via this augmentation strategy.

Endoscopic Technique: Sciatic Neurolysis and Piriformis Tendon Release for Treating Piriformis Syndrome.

Piriformis syndrome (PS) is an underdiagnosed condition, caused by entrapment of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle tendon and adhesions in the deep gluteal space. We present a step-by-step endoscopic technique with the patient in a prone position through a posterior approach. This approach provides improved orientation for tracking the sciatic nerve from distal to proximal, facilitating the release of all adhesions and concluding with a piriformis tendon release.

Basic Hip Arthroscopy Part 2: Central Compartment Arthroscopy (Interportal Capsulotomy, Acetabuloplasty, and Labral Repair).

Over the past decade, hip-preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, the authors will aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. This Technical Note will thoroughly review the senior authors' approach to managing the central compartment of the hip in the context of femoroacetabular impingement.

Basic Hip Arthroscopy Part 1: Patient Positioning and Portal Placement.

Over the past decade, hip-preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, the authors will aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. While considering the advantages and disadvantages of post versus postless hip arthroscopy, this Technical Note will review the preferred patient and portal positioning approach used by the senior authors.

Basic Hip Arthroscopy Part 3: Peripheral-Compartment Arthroscopy (T-Capsulotomy, Femoroplasty, and Capsular Closure).

Over the past decade, hip preservation strategies have gained momentum, resulting in a notable increase in the use of hip arthroscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for hip-related pathology. In this 3-part series, we aim to comprehensively review the fundamentals of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement. This Technical Note will thoroughly review the senior authors' approach to managing the peripheral compartment of the hip in the context of femoroacetabular impingement.

National Beef Quality Audit-2022: Harvest-floor assessments of hide defects, carcass defects, and offal condemnations that affect value of carcasses and by-products from market cows and bulls.

The National Beef Quality Audit ()-2022 serves as a benchmark of the current market cow and bull sectors of the U.S. beef industry and allows comparison to previous audits as a method of monitoring industry progress.

Interatrial block is an independent risk factor for new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the association between interatrial conduction block and postoperative atrial fibrillation, which can precipitate acute cardiopulmonary instability and is associated with subsequent heart failure, stroke, and mortality following cardiac surgery.

Methods: Perioperative 12-channel electrocardiograms from 3405 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization, valve surgery, aortic surgery, or combinations thereof, were considered. Clinical and electrographic parameters were compared between patients with and without atrial fibrillation, and significant variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Biomechanical Outcomes of Glenoid Bone Graft Fixation Techniques: A Systematic Review.

Background: The Latarjet and other bony augmentation procedures are commonly used to treat anterior shoulder instability in the setting of significant glenoid bone loss. Although several fixation strategies have been reported, the biomechanical strength of these techniques remains poorly understood.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the biomechanical strength of glenoid bony augmentation procedures for anterior shoulder instability.

Processable and controllable all-aqueous gels based on high internal phase water-in-water emulsions.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have primarily been developed in the form of emulsions to enhance their utilization in green and biocompatible applications. However, numerous challenges have arisen in forming stable and processable water-in-water (W/W) emulsion systems, as well as in fine-tuning the interconnectivity of their internal structure, which can significantly impact their performance. To effectively address these challenges, we elucidate, for the first time, the root cause of the poor stability of W/W emulsions.

Development of genetically tailored orthotopic implantation hepatocellular carcinoma model in oncopigs by somatic cell CRISPR editing.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis, necessitating preclinical models for evaluating novel therapies. Large animal models are particularly valuable for assessing locoregional therapies, which are widely employed across HCC stages. This study aimed to develop a large animal HCC model with tailored tumor mutations.

Is There a Diminishing Benefit With Increasing Operative Time of Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy? A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To determine whether there is an operative time threshold beyond which minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (MI-SCP) is less beneficial than abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASCP).

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Structure factor line shape model gives approximate nanoscale size of polar aggregates in pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids.

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are interesting due to their myriad uses in fields such as catalysis and electrochemistry. Their properties are intimately related to their structures, yet structural understanding is difficult to achieve. This work presents a derivation of an approximate expression for the radial distribution function, ().

Digital Analysis of Dentogingival Factors Influencing the Gingival Margin Position in the Esthetic Zone.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between gingival thickness (GT) and buccal bone thickness (BBT), as well as the effects of GT, BBT, bone crest level (BC), and tooth position on the buccal gingival margin location of maxillary teeth in the esthetic zone.

Materials And Methods: Periodontally healthy subjects with prior cone beam computed tomography and intraoral scans for dental implant planning were included. The hard and soft tissue measurements were retrospectively analyzed digitally.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).