Impact of urban trees on carbon dioxide exchange: Mechanistic pathways, environmental controls, and feedback.

The increase of carbon dioxide (CO) concentration in the atmosphere is held responsible for global climate changes. To meet the objective of achieving carbon neutrality and keeping global warming in check, many cities, as hotspots of CO emissions, have been promoting the use of urban greenery, urban trees in particular, to mitigate carbon emissions from the built environment. However, there remain large uncertainty and divergence of the potential of urban trees for carbon mitigation, with the underlying mechanisms poorly understood.

Accurate image reconstruction within and beyond the field-of-view of CT system from data with truncation.

Objective: Accurate image reconstruction from data with truncation in X-ray computed tomography (CT) remains a topic of research interest; and the works reported previously in the literature focus largely on reconstructing an image only within the scanning field-of-view (FOV). We develop algorithms to invert the data model with truncation for accurate image reconstruction within the entire subject support or a region slightly smaller than the subject support.

Methods: We formulate image reconstruction from data with truncation as an optimization program, which includes hybrid constraints on image total variation (TV) and image L1-norm for effectively suppressing truncation artifacts.

Impact of Locum Tenens Providers on Delivery of Pediatric Surgical Care.

Introduction: We sought to understand the impact of locum tenens surgeons on pediatric surgical care delivery.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Children's Hospital Association pediatric surgical practices. Anonymous electronic surveys were used to investigate locum tenens utilization, primary reason for use, limitations on clinical activities, and variations in practice standards or quality.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Stretchable Polymer Hydrogels Based Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Bioelectronics.

The rapid development of flexible electronics has led to unprecedented social and economic improvements. But conventional power devices cannot adapt to the advances of flexible electronics. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been used as robust power sources to transform ambient mechanical energy into electricity, thus meeting the power requirements of flexible electronics.

Tricuspid Regurgitation after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: Trajectories and Association With Mortality.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common immediately after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), though the expected outcomes of TR over time remain undefined. In this study, we examined the natural trajectory of TR in the first 120 days post-transplantation. We observed the clinical phenotypes of trajectories of TR after OHT, and assessed trajectory correlation with 1-year mortality and degree of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction.

A Patient With NEMO Deficiency, Disseminated M. szulgai, and Post-HSCT Inflammatory Disease.

Background: Disseminated mycobacterium poses a significant risk for patients with NEMO deficiency. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) corrects the NEMO defect in hematopoietic cells thus treating the immunodeficiency.

Methods: We present a patient with NEMO deficiency who successfully underwent HSCT despite a disseminated Mycobacterium szulgai infection.

The European Drug-Drug Interaction (EuroDDI) Study Protocol: A Cross-Country Comparison of Drug-Drug Interaction Prevalence in the Older Community-Dwelling Population.

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs), highly prevalent amongst the elderly, can lead to avoidable medication-related harm. Cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) drugs are commonly implicated. To date, there is no consensus on how to measure DDIs, making comparisons across countries challenging.

Risk of Post-Transplant Malignancy After Isolated Heart Transplant Among Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

Introduction: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of cancer. In patients with CHD and advanced heart failure, isolated heart transplantation (HT) can be considered. In the overall HT population, immunosuppression after HT increases the risk of post-transplant malignancy (PTM).

Exploring methodological frontiers in laminar fMRI.

This review examines the methodological challenges and advancements in laminar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With the advent of ultra-high-field MRI scanners, laminar fMRI has become pivotal in elucidating the intricate micro-architectures and functionalities of the human brain at a mesoscopic scale. Despite its profound potential, laminar fMRI faces significant challenges such as signal loss at high spatial resolution, limited specificity to laminar signatures, complex layer-specific analysis, the necessity for precise anatomical alignment, and prolonged acquisition times.

Assessing the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Applicants to Orthopaedic Surgery Residency.

Introduction: The rate of sexual and gender minority (SGM) orthopaedic surgeons is far less than in other specialties, and the field has, in part, had significant difficulty attracting SGM applicants. To provide a more welcoming environment, identifying where applicants experience discrimination along medical training must be of paramount concern. Our objective was to understand the challenges faced by SGM medical students applying into orthopaedic surgery.

Promoting Wellness Among Orthopaedic Surgeons.

» Wellness encompasses multiple dimensions of well-being, including physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health. Prioritizing physician wellness is crucial for ensuring high-quality patient care and reducing the risks of burnout, depression, and other mental health issues. Poor wellness among physicians not only affects their personal and professional lives but also has a ripple effect on patient care.

Modeling of randomized hepatitis C vaccine trials: Bridging the gap between controlled human infection models and real-word testing.

Global elimination of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains difficult without an effective vaccine. Since injection drug use is the leading cause of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in Western Europe and North America, people who inject drugs (PWID) are an important population for testing HCV vaccine effectiveness in randomized-clinical trials (RCTs). However, RCTs in PWID are inherently challenging.

Craniosynostosis incidence with abnormalities of orbital axis on patients under 8 years old.

Background: Craniosynostosis may result in malformations of the orbit, which can be observed in clinical presentations. Craniosynostosis impairs the normal growth of the skull, which typically occurs perpendicular to the fused suture. Craniosynostosis is classified into non-syndromic and syndromic, with an incidence of 1: 2000-2500 live births.

Chemical cues of conspecific predation elicit distinct behavioural responses in cannibalistic poison frog tadpoles.

In cannibalistic species, conspecifics can be both predators and prey. As a result, conspecifics present a unique conflict at the intersection of predation, competition and nutritional resources in these species. To better understand how individuals respond to the complex information of conspecific chemical cues, we studied aggressive and cannibalistic tadpoles of the dyeing poison frog, .

Acquisition of non-contrastive focus in Russian by adult English-dominant bilinguals.

This study investigates the acquisition of sentence focus in Russian by adult English-Russian bilinguals, while paying special attention to the relative contribution of constituent order and prosodic expression. It aims to understand how these factors influence perceived word-level prominence and focus assignment during listening. We present results of two listening tasks designed to examine the influence of pitch cues and constituent order on perceived word prominence (Experiment 1) and focus assignment (Experiment 2) during the auditory comprehension of SV[O] and OV[S] sentences in Russian.

Pulse Oximetry: 50 Years of Inventions & Discoveries in Biomedical Optics.

The editorial introduces the JBO Special Issue on Pulse Oximetry.

Self-Administered Traction as an Adjunct in the Chiropractic Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Case Report.

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to describe self-administered lumbar traction as a component of the treatment of a patient with low back pain (LBP).

Clinical Features: A 41-year-old male chiropractic student presented with an exacerbation of intermittent LBP of approximately 2 years duration. Pain intensity was 4 to 8/10 on a verbal pain scale the day after exertion and 10 on the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 3a.

Digital Health Divide: Opportunities for Reducing Health Disparities and Promoting Equitable Care for Maternal and Child Health Populations.

The integration of telehealth into maternal and child health (MCH) care presents an opportunity to enhance health equity, offering solutions to bridge gaps in access and quality of care. This paper explores the impact and reach of telehealth services on MCH, emphasizing its potential to address disparities in healthcare access, particularly for underserved and marginalized populations. Telehealth facilitates improved access to care by reducing geographical barriers, offering convenient and flexible consultation options, and providing cost-effective solutions for low-income families.

Microfluidic 3D printing hydrogels based on fish liver decellularized extracellular matrix for liver regeneration.

Liver tissue engineering offers potential in liver transplantation, while the development of hydrogels for scalable scaffolds incorporating natural components and effective functionalities is ongoing. Here, we propose a novel microfluidic 3D printing hydrogel derived from decellularized fish liver extracellular matrix for liver regeneration. By decellularizing fish liver and combining it with gelatin methacryloyl, the hydrogel scaffold retains essential endogenous growth factors such as collagen and glycosaminoglycans.

Symptom management in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma.

According to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, gliomas harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) are considered a distinct disease entity, typically presenting in adult patients before the age of 50 years. Given their multiyear survival, patients with mIDH glioma are affected by tumor and treatment-related symptoms that can have a large impact on the daily life of both patients and their caregivers for an extended period of time. Selective oral inhibitors of mIDH enzymes have recently joined existing anticancer treatments, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as an additional targeted treatment modality.

Obstacle Course Races Present a Risk of Musculoskeletal, Knee, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Especially in High-Impact Landing Maneuvers and Female Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To determine the incidence rate (IR) of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and associated musculoskeletal injuries in recreational and/or military-training obstacle course races (OCRs) and to determine whether there are any risk factors or features of OCRs impacting the rate of ACL injury in race participants.

Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Studies were identified using the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus.

A Multiple-Model-Informed Drug-Development Approach for Optimal Regimen Selection of an Oncolytic Virus in Combination With Pembrolizumab.

The antitumor efficacy of an intratumoral injection of a genetically engineered oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying human IL-7 and murine IL-12 genes (hIL-7/mIL-12-VV) was demonstrated in CT26.WT-bearing mice. In the CT26.