Cost drivers of gastric sleeve procedures performed using robotic platform.

Background: Robotic bariatric surgery adoption rates have increased, and the higher costs associated with robotic sleeve gastrectomy (rSG) are a concern.

Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with increased costs of rSG.

Setting: US hospital database.

Sex hormone-dependent host-microbiome interactions and cardiovascular risk (XCVD): design of a longitudinal multi-omics cohort study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) present differently in women and men, influenced by host-microbiome interactions. The roles of sex hormones in CVD outcomes and gut microbiome in modifying these effects are poorly understood. The XCVD study examines gut microbiome mediation of sex hormone effects on CVD risk markers by observing transgender participants undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), with findings expected to extrapolate to cisgender populations.

Clinical efficacy of OS-01 peptide formulation in reducing the signs of periorbital skin aging.

Background: The aging of the skin, particularly around the periorbital region, is a complex process characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells, decreased collagen production, and reduced skin elasticity, leading to visible signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of a novel topical formulation, OS-01 EYE, containing the senomorphic peptide, OS-01, along with other active ingredients, in improving the skin around the eyes.

Methods: A 12-week clinical study was conducted with 22 participants who applied OS-01 EYE twice daily.

Phylogenomic insights into the taxonomy, ecology, and mating systems of the lorchel family Discinaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota).

Lorchels, also known as false morels (Gyromitra sensu lato), are iconic due to their brain-shaped mushrooms and production of gyromitrin, a deadly mycotoxin. Molecular phylogenetic studies have hitherto failed to resolve deep-branching relationships in the lorchel family, Discinaceae, hampering our ability to settle longstanding taxonomic debates and to reconstruct the evolution of toxin production. We generated 75 draft genomes from cultures and ascomata (some collected as early as 1960), conducted phylogenomic analyses using 1542 single-copy orthologs to infer the early evolutionary history of lorchels, and identified genomic signatures of trophic mode and mating-type loci to better understand lorchel ecology and reproductive biology.

Amino acid-based, sustainable organic nanozyme and integrated sensing platform for histamine detection.

Inorganic nanozymes hold promise for biomolecule sensing but face challenges like complex fabrication, toxicity, and low sustainability, limiting their use. To overcome these, a sustainable organic nanozyme (OA nanozyme) was created using amino acids and a biocompatible polymer for effective histamine detection. The OA nanozyme exhibits peroxidase-like activity and was fabricated through a single chelation/polymer entanglement method, enabling rapid production (within 3 h) with uniform morphology (≤100 nm diameter) and a negative surface charge at neutral pH.

Rural Surgery Experiences in General Surgery Residency Training-The Current State an ACGME Sponsored Survey of General Surgery Program Directors.

Objective: Nationwide there is a significant shortage of surgeons in rural communities, which has led to a growing interest in training more general surgeons specifically for entry into rural practice. Despite noble intentions, exactly how this training should be performed is unclear, and highly variable across programs. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Surgery Residency Review Committee (RRC) sought to better understand the current state of rural focused training options in general surgery residencies.

Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Sexual Assault Survivors.

Background: Emergency department (ED) encounters are often the only healthcare provider encounter for patients seeking care after a reported sexual assault (SA), making the encounter a crucial opportunity to connect patients to support services in the community. An opportunity existed at an urban Level II trauma center to standardize SA discharge planning.

Aims: This quality improvement project aimed to improve access to SA support services.

How Is Preoperative Opioid Use Associated With Readmissions and Outcomes in Lower Extremity Trauma?

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been implicated as a potential risk factor for adverse outcomes and readmissions in various surgical procedures. Patients admitted with an open fracture of the lower extremity often have multifarious pain needs, require surgical procedures, and have prolonged rehabilitation; previous OUD complicates this process. Our goal was to describe at a national level how OUD is associated with readmission, complications, and healthcare expenditure for patients admitted with open lower extremity fractures.

SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ADS051, A NEUTROPHIL MODULATOR, IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED PHASE 1B TRIAL.

Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by colonic inflammation, with neutrophils playing a key role in UC activity, prognosis, and response to therapies. Current UC therapeutics can have significant side effects and limited efficacy. ADS051 is a novel, oral, gut-restricted small molecule that modulates neutrophil migration and activation without in vitro suppression of T-cell activation.

Updating an HIV Knowledge Questionnaire With Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Through Expert Opinions in the United States Using Delphi Methodology: A Qualitative Study.

Our study was designed to update the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire by incorporating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) knowledge questions, as previous HIV knowledge tools lack this focus. Four rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with 47 expert participants, each with extensive HIV-related expertise (mean experience: 18.94 years).

Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in five US jurisdictions: Comparison of Delta and Omicron variants.

Households are a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, even during periods of low community-level spread. Comparing household transmission rates by SARS-CoV-2 variant may provide relevant information about current risks and prevention strategies. This investigation aimed to estimate differences in household transmission risk comparing the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants using data from contact tracing and interviews conducted from November 2021 through February 2022 in five U.

Distillation as an alternative use for deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat or rye: minimal carryover of deoxynivalenol into distilled spirits.

Managing deoxynivalenol (DON) risks is crucial for the sustainability of small grain farms. One approach involves profitable utilization of contaminated grain resources, addressing potential losses from food safety concerns. This study explored distillation as a high-value alternative for utilizing DON-contaminated grain.

Minimum Wrestling Weight for High School Girls Wrestling: Time to Revisit Minimal Body Fat Percent.

Jagim, AR, Horswill, CA, Dobbs, WC, Twohey, EE, Tinsley, GM, Fields, JB, and Jones, MT. Minimum wrestling weight for high school girls wrestling: Time to revisit minimal body fat percent. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to determine whether an alternative body fat percentage (BF%) could be established as a safer margin for minimal wrestling weight (MWW) determination by evaluating the distribution of BF% and MWW values naturally occurring for high school girls wrestling.

Influence of the order of the physical qualities during the microcycle on the weekly external loads and match day's readiness level in highly trained academy soccer players.

Background: Highly trained academy soccer practitioners usually implement an aerobic-oriented session followed by a speed-oriented session during the first and second heavy load session of a training week, respectively. This study aimed to investigate if the order of these physical training sessions would influence the external training loads and the subsequent readiness level on match day.

Methods: Twenty-five highly trained academy soccer players (12 U17 and 13 U19) participated in two experimental weeks randomly presented.

Semblans: Automated assembly and processing of RNA-Seq data.

Motivation: Recent advancements in parallel sequencing methods have precipitated a surge in publicly available short-read sequence data. This has encouraged the development of novel computational tools for the de novo assembly of transcriptomes from RNA-seq data. Despite the availability of these tools, performing an end-to-end transcriptome assembly remains a programmatically involved task necessitating familiarity with best practices.

Pannexin 1 crosstalk with the Hippo pathway in malignant melanoma.

In this study, we explored the intricate relationship between Pannexin 1 (PANX1) and the Hippo signaling pathway effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed a significant positive correlation between PANX1 mRNA and core Hippo components, Yes-associated protein 1 [YAP], Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif [TAZ], and Hippo scaffold, Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 [IQGAP1], in invasive cutaneous melanoma and breast carcinoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PANX1 expression is upregulated in invasive melanoma cell lines and is associated with increased YAP protein levels.

Alcohol and emotion: Analyzing convergence between facially expressed and self-reported indices of emotion under alcohol intoxication.

Objective: Emotion measurement is central to capturing acute alcohol reinforcement and so to informing models of alcohol use disorder etiology. Yet our understanding of how alcohol impacts emotion as assessed across diverse response modalities remains incomplete. The present study leverages a social alcohol-administration paradigm to assess drinking-related emotions, aiming to elucidate impacts of intoxication on self-reported versus behaviorally expressed emotion.

Dispositional coping profiles moderate the links between racial discrimination and mental health in Black Americans.

Objectives: Racial discrimination is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how unique patterns of coping in Black Americans experiencing high discrimination stress may moderate the association between discrimination and mental health. The present study uses person-centered methods to identify and describe latent profiles of coping in Black Americans, to understand how these coping profiles are linked to mental health, and to examine whether latent coping profiles moderate the links between discrimination and mental health.

Improving generalizability of developmental research through increased use of homogeneous convenience samples: A Monte Carlo simulation.

Due to its heavy reliance on convenience samples (CSs), developmental science has a generalizability problem that clouds its broader applicability and frustrates replicability. The surest solution to this problem is to make better use, where feasible, of probability samples, which afford clear generalizability. Because CSs that are homogeneous on one or more sociodemographic factor may afford a clearer generalizability than heterogeneous CSs, the use of homogeneous CSs instead of heterogeneous CSs may also help mitigate this generalizability problem.

Prehospital endotracheal intubation success rates for critical care nurses versus paramedics.

Objectives: Prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a lifesaving procedure with known complications. To reduce ETI-associated morbidity and mortality, organizations prioritize first-pass success (FPS). However, there are few data evaluating the association of FPS with clinician licensure.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.