How Do Clinicians Use Quotations in Goals of Care Notes?

Background: Quoting patients in electronic medical record (EMR) notes is controversial. Quotations may be used to promote accuracy in documentation. However they also may be used to cast skepticism on patient speech.

Comparative Outcomes of Early Versus Late Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Hip Fracture Fixation.

Background: Hip fractures are prevalent orthopaedic injuries with substantial morbidity and mortality. Failed primary treatments of these fractures often necessitate conversion to total hip arthroplasty (CTHA); a complex procedure requiring extensive exposure and hardware removal. It poses major challenges and is associated with high rates of complications such as infection, dislocation, and periprosthetic fractures.

Development of a health equity tool in resuscitation sciences and application to current research in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest.

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly used for adults with cardiac arrest (CA) refractory to Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS). Concerns exist that adding ECPR could worsen health inequities, defined as differences in health outcomes that are unfair or unjust. Current guidelines do not explicitly address this issue.

Survival Among Patients Treated with Total Mesorectal Excision or Selective Watch-and-Wait After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Pooled Analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA Randomized Phase II Trials.

Background: Prospective data comparing watch-and-wait (WW) to mandatory total mesorectal excision (TME) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains limited, as randomized control trials assessing these two treatment approaches are considered impractical. This pooled analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA trials analyzes survival outcomes among LARC patients managed with either a selective WW or mandatory TME strategy following total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT).

Patients And Methods: The CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA trials were multicenter, phase II trials that randomized patients with stage II/III rectal cancer to receive either induction or consolidation chemotherapy as part of TNT.

Utility of Hybrid Angio-CT in Interventional Radiology: Case-Based Examples.

Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the predominant cross-sectional imaging modality used by interventional radiologists, advancements in hybrid angiography-computed tomography (Angio-CT) technology have demonstrated a strong potential for increased utilization in the angiography suite. The benefits of increased workflow efficiency, decreased relative cost, multipurpose utility, and most importantly improved patient care, may encourage institutions to accept the higher upfront cost of Angio-CT rooms for potential long-term benefits. Hybrid Angio-CT setups are less prone to motion and streak artifacts and may provide superior image quality compared to CBCT.

Comparison of Acute and Protracted Gamma Irradiation Effects During Perinatal Development in Beagle Dogs.

Ionizing radiation exposure during perinatal development can produce various biological effects on the developing offspring. These effects are dependent on a number of factors, including total dose, dose rate and the developmental processes occurring at the time of irradiation. The present study conducted an analysis of historical radiobiological archived data involving 60Co-gamma irradiation of beagle dogs at specific periods of prenatal or postnatal development.

The architecture of theory and data in microbiome design: towards an S-matrix for microbiomes.

Designing microbiomes for applications in health, bioengineering, and sustainability is intrinsically linked to a fundamental theoretical understanding of the rules governing microbial community assembly. Microbial ecologists have used a range of mathematical models to understand, predict, and control microbiomes, ranging from mechanistic models, putting microbial populations and their interactions as the focus, to purely statistical approaches, searching for patterns in empirical and experimental data. We review the success and limitations of these modeling approaches when designing novel microbiomes, especially when guided by (inevitably) incomplete experimental data.

UnICLAM: Contrastive representation learning with adversarial masking for unified and interpretable Medical Vision Question Answering.

Medical Visual Question Answering aims to assist doctors in decision-making when answering clinical questions regarding radiology images. Nevertheless, current models learn cross-modal representations through residing vision and text encoders in dual separate spaces, which inevitably leads to indirect semantic alignment. In this paper, we propose UnICLAM, a Unified and Interpretable Medical-VQA model through Contrastive Representation Learning with Adversarial Masking.

Conquering acceptability: A study of stakeholder inclusion practices in evaluation processes in francophone West African Countries.

Evaluation practices in the French-speaking countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) are poorly understood and infrequently documented. Our study is a descriptive analysis that elucidates how stakeholders are conceptualized and involved in evaluation processes in WAEMU. In these countries, evaluators are concerned about the weak stakeholder involvement in evaluation activity and call for greater stakeholder engagement, juxtaposed to the challenges of doing so.

Lattice Anisotropy-Driven Reduction of Phonon Velocities in Black Phosphorus.

Phonon dynamics and transport determine how heat is utilized and dissipated in materials. In 2D systems for optoelectronics and thermoelectrics, the impact of nanoscale material structure on phonon propagation is central to controlling thermal conduction. Here, we directly observe in-plane coherent acoustic phonon propagation in black phosphorus (BP) using ultrafast electron microscopy.

Influence of birthplace and age at migration on cognitive aging among Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S.: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Background And Objectives: While Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S. are remarkably diverse in terms of birthplace and age at migration, we poorly understand how these factors are associated with cognitive aging.

Schizophrenia and retention in HIV care among adults insured through Medicaid in the United States: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at elevated risk of HIV, and people with both HIV and schizophrenia are at elevated risk of death compared to individuals with either diagnosis alone. Limited research has assessed the HIV care cascade, and in particular retention in care, among people with HIV (PWH) and schizophrenia in the U.S.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) encompass entities with different cellular differentiation and degrees of malignancy. Spatial heterogeneity complicates diagnosis and grading of PNSTs in some cases. In malignant PNST (MPNST) for example, single cell sequencing data has shown dissimilar differentiation states of tumor cells.

GLP-1RA Use and Thyroid Cancer Risk.

Importance: The increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) demands a better understanding of their association with thyroid cancer.

Objective: To estimate the risk of incident thyroid cancer among adults with type 2 diabetes being treated with GLP-1RA vs other common glucose-lowering medications.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of a target trial emulation of a comparative effectiveness study using claims data for enrollees in commercial, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare fee-for-service plans across the US.

Sociodemographic inequities in overall survival among younger and older women with cervical cancer.

Purpose:  Older Black women and women living in areas of low socioeconomic status (SES) diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC) have worse overall survival (OS). The objective was to investigate associations between OS and race/ethnicity and sociodemographic factors in younger (21-64 years) and older women (≥ 65 years) diagnosed with CC using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data.

Methods:  This retrospective, population-based cohort study included 39,000 women ≥ 21 years diagnosed with CC diagnosed between 2006 and 2020.

The family's role in mental health care: Perceptions of Bay Area Muslims.

This qualitative study examines perceptions of Muslims living in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States, regarding the family's role in mental health help-seeking and well-being. This study employed a community-based participatory research approach through content analysis of three focus group ( = 37) discussions conducted with the help of a community advisory board comprised San Francisco Bay Area Muslim community members. Four main themes were generated.

Arthur (Andy) M. Horne (1942-2024).

Memorializes Arthur (Andy) M. Horne (1942-2024), esteemed counseling psychologist, lauded for his contributions to group counseling, bullying prevention, violence reduction, and prevention. Andy served the University of Georgia in the Department of Counseling and Human Development Services from 1989 to 2012 as training director, department chair, distinguished research professor, and dean (2008-2012).

Opportunities for More Tailored Approaches to Genotoxicity Testing and Carcinogenicity Strategy for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Outcome of an Industry Survey.

The Oligonucleotide Nonclinical Working Group (WG) of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations conducted an industry survey to understand current practices and regulatory expectations for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assessment of oligonucleotide therapeutics (ONTs), along with historical genotoxicity testing results. The survey, involving 29 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, revealed a consistent absence of genotoxicity across a diverse range of oligonucleotide classes and chemistries, consistent with previous observations. Despite the lack of genotoxicity, companies continue to follow standard testing guidelines, with only limited divergence.

Learning (Not) to Know: Examining How White Ignorance Manifests and Functions in White Adolescents' Racial Identity Narratives.

In critical approaches to the study of whiteness, white ignorance refers to systematic and intentional ways of (not) knowing that function to perpetuate racism. The current critical qualitative analysis examines how white ignorance surfaces in the racial identity narratives of white adolescents (N = 69, M = 15.91, SD = 0.

Social determinants of health and health outcomes in older cancer survivors.

Purpose Of The Review: Today, two-thirds of all cancer survivors are at least 65 years old. Older cancer survivors have complex care needs, and addressing their social determinants of health (SDoH) is critical for improving and managing survivorship outcomes for this uniquely vulnerable population, yet research specifically examining these associations remains limited and emergent. To this end, we describe the emergent body of evidence on the associations between SDoH domains and older cancer survivors' outcomes.

The interplay between ZigA and SltB promotes zinc homeostasis and cell envelope integrity.

is an opportunistic human pathogen that acquires nutrient metals from the vertebrate host amid infection. During zinc (Zn) scarcity, upregulates the expression of the predicted Zn metallochaperone, . Loss of compromises fitness during Zn deficiency, highlighting its role in this condition.

Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Its Relation to Exercise Behavior and Preferred Exercise Intensity.

Regular exercise is important for overall health, yet exercise participation in the United States remains low. Exercise promotion depends on identifying factors such as personality that might influence exercise participation. Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), a personality trait described as the tendency to deeply process environmental stimuli, is a psychological factor that may influence exercise participation.

Conversion to Glaucoma After Ocular Trauma in Pediatric Patients.

Background: The outcomes of pediatric glaucoma suspects with a history of ocular trauma remains unknown; we describe the rate of conversion to glaucoma of this population of patients at a research-intensive academic center.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of pediatric patients with a history of open- or closed-globe trauma who were being monitored as pediatric glaucoma suspects at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 2005 and 2016.

Results: A total of 62 eyes from 62 patients with a history of ocular trauma were identified with a median age at presentation of 9.

Effect of Hydration on Viscoelastic Tensile Properties of Sclera.

The present work characterized the effects of hydration on the viscoelastic tensile properties of the sclera. Scleral strips were dissected from the posterior region near the optic nerve head of porcine eyes in the superior-inferior direction. The samples were divided into four hydration groups and their mechanical response was characterized by conducting uniaxial tensile stress-relaxation experiments.