Measuring Food and Water Security in an Aboriginal Community in Regional Australia.

Objective: To measure current levels and experiences of food and water security in Walgett to guide a community-led program and to provide a baseline measure.

Design: A community-led cross-sectional survey conducted in April 2022 by trained local researchers.

Setting: Walgett, a regional town in NSW, Australia.

Implementation of patient-reported outcome dashboards within the electronic health record to support shared decision-making in serious chronic illness.

Background: Attending to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) using data visualisation dashboards could enhance shared decision-making (SDM) and care delivery for serious chronic illnesses. However, few studies have evaluated real-world strategies and resulting implementation outcomes of PRO dashboards.

Method: From June 2020 to January 2022, we implemented an electronic health record (EHR)-integrated PRO dashboard for advanced cancer and chronic kidney disease.

Prevalence and Patterns of Social Media Use in Early Adolescents.

Objective: To describe patterns of social media use, including underage (under 13 years) use and sex differences, in a diverse, national sample of early adolescents in the U.S.

Methods: We analyzed the social media use data in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (2019-2021, Year 3), which includes a national sample of early adolescents in the U.

Associations of prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and depression with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 7.5-month-old infants in the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts.

Background: Exposure to maternal stress and depression during pregnancy can have a marked impact on birth outcomes and child development, escalating the likelihood of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and various domains of physical and neurodevelopment.

Methods: The joint ECHO.CA.

An 18-Year Review of Hemoglobinopathy Proficiency Testing: Recommendations From the College of American Pathologists Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee.

Context.—: The College of American Pathologists Hematology and Clinical Microscopy Committee implemented a hemoglobinopathy proficiency testing and education program to monitor and assess the performance of participating laboratories.

Objective.

Improved Performance on Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment in Continuing Certification: The ABPath CertLink Strategy.

Context.—: All member boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties have continuing certification (ie, maintenance of certification) programs. The efficacy of these programs has been questioned and, therefore, warrants study.

Using supervised machine learning and ICD10 to identify non-accidental trauma in pediatric trauma patients in the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission dataset.

Background: Identifying non-accidental trauma (NAT) in pediatric trauma patients is challenging. We developed a machine learning model that uses demographic characteristics and ICD10 codes to detect the first diagnosis of NAT.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission (2015-2020) for patients aged 0-19 years.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in a 4-month-old infant presenting with prolonged fever and pancytopenia: A case report.

Background: Histoplasmosis is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the United States, typically affecting immunocompromised individuals. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients is rare, particularly among young infants, with only a few cases reported.

Case Presentation: We present a 4-month-old female with a history of prematurity who initially presented with 11 days of fever.

High-Frequency Ultrasound for Detecting Periodontal Inflammation: A Preclinical Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Aim: Ultrasonography (US) has shown accuracy in imaging healthy periodontium. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of US for estimating dimensions of inflamed periodontium induced by ligature and bacteria.

Methods: Periodontal tissues of maxillary as well as mandibular premolars and molars in six female mini pigs were treated with ligature and three strains of bacteria for 4-10 weeks.

The Continuous Fragility Index of Statistically Significant Findings in Studies Based on High Levels of Evidence Comparing Interventions for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Background: Critical analysis of studies with high level of evidence has relied on the significance set by the reported values. However, this strategy steers readers toward categorical interpretation of the data; therefore, a more comprehensive approach of data analysis is warranted. The continuous fragility index (CFI) allows for frailty interpretation of any given study's continuous outcome results.

A Native LH1-RC-HiPIP Supercomplex from an Extremophilic Phototroph.

Halorhodospira (Hlr.) halophila strain BN9622 is an extremely halophilic and alkaliphilic purple phototrophic bacterium and has been widely used as a model for exploring the osmoadaptive and photosynthetic strategies employed by phototrophic extreme halophiles that enable them to thrive in hypersaline environments. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of (1) a unique native Hlr.

Simulation-Debriefing Enhanced Needs Assessment to Address Quality Markers in Health Care: An Innovation for Prospective Hazard Analysis.

Simulation-Debriefing Enhanced Needs Assessment (SDENA) is a simulation-based approach to prospective hazard analysis that uses simulation and debriefing as a unit-level diagnostic tool. Scenarios address failure modes for health care improvement targets, and debriefing explores unit-specific barriers and resiliencies. Debriefing guides are structured to explore how six drivers of a behavior engineering framework (data, tools/resources, incentives, knowledge/skills, capacity, motivation) influence clinical behaviors.

A population based study of bariatric surgery in Illinois.

Background: Utilization of metabolic and bariatric surgery has increased significantly over the last 2decades, yet barriers to access remain.

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) define rates of metabolic and bariatric surgery utilization for qualifying adults in Illinois and 2) describe patient characteristics associated with undergoing surgery at Illinois hospitals with low metabolic and bariatric surgery volume.

Setting: Metabolic and bariatric surgery at all nonfederal Illinois hospitals was included.

U.S. national trends in cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity in cisgender women.

Introduction: Changes in up-to-date cervical cancer screening (CCS) over time by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity were estimated to identify trends in screening disparities.

Methods: This 2024 retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of National Health Interview Survey data (years 2013, 2015, 2019 and 2021) included 40,818 cisgender women aged 21-65 without hysterectomy. Joinpoint analysis was performed to calculate the annual percent change (APC) of up-to-date CCS from 2013 to 2021.

Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Presumed Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS).

Introduction: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is thought to be benign by nature, but a proportion of patients still suffer from neurological deficits on follow-up.

Objective: To understand what factors may influence a patient's recovery from RCVS.

Methods: The Clinical Research Data Warehouse at this institution was employed to search the medical records for patients with diagnosis and treatment of RCVS (2010-2021).

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

Unlocking the phosphorus circularity potential of corn belt watersheds with biorefinery phosphorus recovery incentives.

As global phosphorus (P) stores rapidly decline, P fed algal blooms continue to threaten critical freshwater resources across the globe. In the Midwestern United States (US), particularly the Corn Belt, biorefineries could play a key role in addressing this issue. By recovering P from the byproducts of ethanol production these facilities could reduce the P content of distillers grain feed, thereby reducing P excreted in manures.

Metals in sediment of the lower Great Lakes and region-wide discoveries.

Thirteen elements were measured in 76 surface grab sediment samples and 90 segments of four cores from Lakes Erie and Ontario. By combining the data obtained previously from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron, the spatial distribution, temporal trends, major influencing factors, anthropogenic enrichments, categorization, and ecological risks of target metals in sediment were evaluated for the Great Lakes region. Regionwide, Lake Ontario had the highest median concentrations for Ag, As, Cd, Zn, and Pb, while the highest Cr concentration was found in the Western Basin of Lake Erie.

Deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase impairs metastasis and is rescued by ROS scavenging or ectopic CD36 expression.

AMPK's role in tumor initiation and progression is controversial. Here, we provide genetic evidence that AMPK is required for metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. In a mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis, the deletion of AMPK before and after tumor onset decreased breast cancer metastasis, and similar results were obtained after AMPK deletion in breast cancer cell lines.

Extracellular vesicles: essential agents in critical bone defect repair and therapeutic enhancement.

Bone serves as a fundamental structural component in the body, playing pivotal roles in support, protection, mineral supply, and hormonal regulation. However, critical-sized bone injuries have become increasingly prevalent, necessitating extensive medical interventions due to limitations in the body's capacity for self-repair. Traditional approaches, such as autografts, allografts, and xenografts, have yielded unsatisfactory results.

Defining the Optimal Dose for 3-Dimensional Conformal Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: 15-Year Follow-Up of a Dose-Escalation Trial.

Purpose: Randomized trials have demonstrated similar local tumor control in patients treated with accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) compared with whole-breast irradiation. However, the optimal APBI dose for maximizing tumor control and minimizing toxicity is uncertain.

Methods And Materials: We enrolled patients ≥18 years of age with grade 1 or 2 ductal carcinoma in situ or stage I invasive breast cancer and resection margins ≥2 mm between 2003 and 2011 to a sequential dose-escalation trial using 3-dimensional conformal external beam APBI giving twice daily 4 Gy fractions with total doses of 32 Gy, 36 Gy, and 40 Gy.

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Clinical Practice Guideline on Surgical Management of Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The use of local consolidative therapy (LCT) in patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly evolving, with a preponderance of data supporting the benefits of such therapeutic approaches incorporating pulmonary resection for appropriately selected candidates. However, practices vary widely institutionally and regionally, and evidence-based guidelines are lacking.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons assembled a panel of thoracic surgical oncologists to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence regarding the role of pulmonary resection as LCT.

Evidence for intrinsic DNA dynamics and deformability in damage sensing by the Rad4/XPC nucleotide excision repair complex.

Altered DNA dynamics at lesion sites are implicated in how DNA repair proteins sense damage within genomic DNA. Using laser temperature-jump (T-jump) spectroscopy combined with cytosine-analog Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) probes that sense local DNA conformations, we measured the intrinsic dynamics of DNA containing 3 base-pair mismatches recognized in vitro by Rad4 (yeast ortholog of XPC). Rad4/XPC recognizes diverse lesions from environmental mutagens and initiates nucleotide excision repair.

New Insights Into Hepatic Impairment (HI) Trials.

Hepatic impairment (HI) trials are traditionally part of the clinical pharmacology development to assess the need for dose adaptation in people with impaired metabolic capacity due to their diseased liver. This review aimed at looking into the data from dedicated HI studies, cluster these data into various categories and connect the effect by HI with reported pharmacokinetics (PK) properties in order to identify patterns that may allow waiver, extrapolations, or adapted HI study designs. Based on a ratio ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.