SARS-CoV-2 shedding sources in wastewater and implications for wastewater-based epidemiology.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach for COVID-19 surveillance is largely based on the assumption of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding into sewers by infected individuals. Recent studies found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater (C) could not be accounted by the fecal shedding alone. This study aimed to determine potential major shedding sources based on literature data of C, along with the COVID-19 prevalence in the catchment area through a systematic literature review.

Three Different Types of β-Glucans Enhance Cognition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis.

Background: Dietary fiber is fermented in the lower gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting the microbial ecosystem and thus may improve elements of cognition and brain function via the gut-brain axis. β-glucans, soluble dietary fiber, have different macrostructures and may exhibit different effects on the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to compare the effects of β-glucans from mushroom, curdlan and oats bran, representing β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,3)-glucan or β-(1,3)/(1,4)-glucan, on cognition and the gut-brain axis.

A survey about postoperative delirium in older patients among nurses and anaesthetists: implications for future practice and policy.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a major complication associated with anaesthesia and surgery, more commonly seen in older people.

Aims: The aims of this study were to explore the knowledge and understanding of anaesthetists and nurses involved in anaesthesia through their responses to two case scenarios of postoperative delirium experienced by older people.

Methods: A 30-item online survey was sent to 500 potential respondents.

TDP-43 is a ubiquitylation substrate of the SCF complex.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are overlapping diseases with shared pathological features. Affected neurons of people with ALS and FTD typically contain ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions, of which TDP-43 (Tar DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa) is a major component.

Venom-Derived Peptides Inhibiting Voltage-Gated Sodium and Calcium Channels in Mammalian Sensory Neurons.

Pain management is a serious worldwide problem that affects the physical and mental health of all affected humans. As an alternative to opioids, pharmaceutical companies are seeking other sources of potential analgesics that have fewer adverse side effects. Animal venoms are a natural cocktail of a complex mixture of salts, peptides, and proteins.

Lentinan Supplementation Protects the Gut-Liver Axis and Prevents Steatohepatitis: The Role of Gut Microbiota Involved.

The microbiota-gut-liver axis has emerged as an important player in developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Higher mushroom intake is negatively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. This study examined whether lentinan, an active ingredient in mushrooms, could improve NAFLD and gut microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD mice induced by a high-fat (HF) diet.

The COVID-19 pandemic: Narratives of front-line nurses from Wuhan, China.

This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses in Wuhan Hospital as front-line workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study of such nurses was conducted from a tertiary hospital in Wuhan. Semi-structured individual interviews were undertaken with 8 registered nurses who were front-line health workers in one of the COVID-19 wards and 3 nursing managers from the response team.

Exploring consumer perspectives about the Health Care Home model of primary care provision: A qualitative study.

Background And Objectives: Australia's health system faces challenges in the management and prevention of chronic disease. Models of primary care delivery, such as the Health Care Home (HCH) model, have been proposed to help meet these challenges. The aim of this study was to explore pre-implementation consumer perspectives of the HCH model.

Decay of four enteric pathogens and implications to wastewater-based epidemiology: Effects of temperature and wastewater dilutions.

Measurement of pathogens in raw wastewater from a population within certain sewer catchments can provide quantitative information on public health status within the sampled urban area. This so-called wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach has the potential of becoming a powerful tool to monitor pathogen circulation and support timely intervention during outbreaks. However, many WBE studies failed to account for the pathogen decay during wastewater transportation in back calculating the disease prevalence.

Enhanced decay of coronaviruses in sewers with domestic wastewater.

Recent outbreaks caused by coronaviruses and their supposed potential fecal-oral transmission highlight the need for understanding the survival of infectious coronavirus in domestic sewers. To date, the survivability and decay of coronaviruses were predominately studied using small volumes of wastewater (normally 5-30 mL) in vials (in-vial tests). However, real sewers are more complicated than bulk wastewater (wastewater matrix only), in particular the presence of sewer biofilms and different operational conditions.

Flexible Polymer X-ray Detectors with Non-fullerene Acceptors for Enhanced Stability: Toward Printable Tissue Equivalent Devices for Medical Applications.

There is growing interest in the development of novel materials and devices capable of ionizing radiation detection for medical applications. Organic semiconductors are promising candidates to meet the demands of modern detectors, such as low manufacturing costs, mechanical flexibility, and a response to radiation equivalent to human tissue. However, organic semiconductors have typically been employed in applications that convert low energy photons into high current densities, for example, solar cells and LEDs, and thus existing design rules must be re-explored for ionizing radiation detection where high energy photons are converted into typically much lower current densities.

A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota and metabolites.

Background: Cognitive impairment, an increasing mental health issue, is a core feature of the aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases. Industrialized nations especially, have experienced a marked decrease in dietary fiber intake, but the potential mechanism linking low fiber intake and cognitive impairment is poorly understood. Emerging research reported that the diversity of gut microbiota in Western populations is significantly reduced.

The COVID-19 pandemic - A focus on nurse managers' mental health, coping behaviours and organisational commitment.

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 has substantially impacted frontline health care workers, including nurse managers. To date, no studies have been conducted to examine the impact COVID-19 has had on Nurse Managers' mental health, coping strategies and organisational commitment.

Aim: To investigate the mental health, coping behaviours, and organisational commitment among Nurse Managers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

How does geriatric nursing education program change the knowledge, attitude and working intention among undergraduate nursing students? A systematic literature review.

Objective: This review aimed to examine the changes of knowledge, attitude and working intention in nursing students after an undergraduate geriatric nursing education.

Design: A systematic review of the literature.

Data Sources: Five databases which included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for this literature review from January 2010 to October 2020.

A systematic review: Sexual well-being and perceived barriers to seeking professional help among Chinese adults living with cancer.

Objective: Sex and intimacy are basic needs and important aspects of quality of life among humans. This focus of this review was to synthesise and present the best available qualitative evidence on the sexual life experiences and needs of Chinese adults living with cancer. Moreover, the first-hand experience, meaning and perspective about the sexual life changes and support needs during the survival and extended treatment period were synthesised in this study.

Analgesic α-conotoxins modulate native and recombinant GIRK1/2 channels via activation of GABA receptors and reduce neuroexcitability.

Background And Purpose: Activation of GIRK channels via G protein-coupled GABA receptors has been shown to attenuate nociceptive transmission. The analgesic α-conotoxin Vc1.1 activates GABA receptors resulting in inhibition of Ca 2.

Generational differences in psychological wellbeing and preventative behaviours among nursing students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Many nursing programmes have had to swiftly move online in response to COVID-19. Nursing students are often a heterogenous group that traverses generational boundaries. Exploring generational differences may assist in developing support systems for specific groups.

Analytical performance comparison of four SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR primer-probe sets for wastewater samples.

Current studies have confirmed the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by RT-qPCR assays in wastewater samples as an effective surveillance tool of COVID-19 prevalence in a community. Analytical performance of various RT-qPCR assays has been compared against wastewater samples based on the positive ratio. However, there is no systematic comparison work has been conducted for both analytical sensitivity and quantitative reliability against wastewater, which are essential factors for WBE.

Electrical properties and synaptic transmission in mouse intracardiac ganglion neurons in situ.

The intrinsic cardiac nervous system represents the final site of signal integration for neurotransmission to the myocardium to enable local control of cardiac performance. The electrophysiological characteristics and ganglionic transmission of adult mouse intrinsic cardiac ganglion (ICG) neurons were investigated using a whole-mount ganglion preparation of the excised right atrial ganglion plexus and intracellular microelectrode recording techniques. The passive and active electrical properties of ICG neurons and synaptic transmission including synaptic response strength and efficacy as a function of stimulation frequency were examined.

Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic umbrella review of the global evidence.

Objectives: To summarise the evidence relating to the prevalence of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: An umbrella review of systematic reviews was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methods.

Data Sources: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, JBI Evidence Synthesis, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL were searched in March 2021 for reviews published in English.

Regulation of membrane phospholipids during the adult life of worker honey bee.

Two female castes that are genetically identical are found in honey bees: workers and queens. Adult female honey bees differ in their morphology and behaviors, but the most intriguing difference between the castes is the difference in their longevity. Queens live for years while workers live generally for weeks.

Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: A Systematic Review of Assessment and Incidence of Postoperative Delirium.

Background: Postoperative delirium is the most common complication of surgery particularly in older patients.

Aims: The current study aimed to summarize the commonly used delirium assessment tools in assessing postoperative delirium (POD) and to estimate the incidence rates of POD.

Methods: A systematic review that included empirical cohort studies reporting the use of delirium assessment tools in assessing POD between 2000 and 2019.

The adult lifespan of the female honey bee (Apis mellifera): Metabolic rate, AGE pigment and the effect of dietary fatty acids.

Female honey bees can be queens or workers and although genetically identical, workers have an adult lifespan of weeks while queens can live for years. The mechanisms underlying this extraordinary difference remain unknown. This study examines three potential explanations of the queen-worker lifespan difference.

Isomer-Resolved Imaging of Prostate Cancer Tissues Reveals Specific Lipid Unsaturation Profiles Associated With Lymphocytes and Abnormal Prostate Epithelia.

Prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide with definitive diagnosis reliant on biopsy and human-graded histopathology. As with other pathologies, grading based on classical haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded material can be prone to variation between pathologists, prompting investigation of biomolecular markers. Comprising around 50% of cellular mass, and with known metabolic variations in cancer, lipids provide a promising target for molecular pathology.