CT/MRI LI-RADS 2024 Update: Treatment Response Assessment.

With the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, there has been increasing use of local-regional therapy (LRT) to downstage or bridge to transplant, for definitive treatment, and for palliation. The CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Treatment Response Assessment (TRA) algorithm provides guidance for step-by-step tumor assessment after LRT and standardized reporting. Current evidence suggests that the algorithm performs well in the assessment of tumor response to arterial embolic and loco-ablative therapies and fair when assessing response to radiation-based therapies, with limited data to validate the latter.

Hepatic Sinusoidal Disorders.

Hepatic sinusoids are highly specialized microcirculatory conduits within the hepatic lobules that facilitate liver functions. The sinusoids can be affected by various disorders, including sinusoidal dilatation, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), sinusoidal cellular infiltration, perisinusoidal infiltration, and endothelial neoplasms, such as hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma. While these disorders, particularly SOS and neoplasms, can be life threatening, their clinical manifestation is often nonspecific.

Chemical Shift MRI Monitoring of Chemoembolization Delivery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Feasibility of Initial Clinical Translation.

Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of using chemical shift fat-water MRI methods to visualize and measure intrahepatic delivery of ethiodized oil to liver tumors following conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight participants (mean age, 66 years ± 8 [SD]; 22 men) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with cTACE were evaluated with follow-up chemical shift MRI in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Uptake of ethiodized oil was evaluated at 1-month follow-up chemical shift MRI.

Liver Fibrosis, Fat, and Iron Evaluation with MRI and Fibrosis and Fat Evaluation with US: A Practical Guide for Radiologists.

Quantitative imaging biomarkers of liver disease measured by using MRI and US are emerging as important clinical tools in the management of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Because of their high accuracy and noninvasive nature, in many cases, these techniques have replaced liver biopsy for the diagnosis, quantitative staging, and treatment monitoring of patients with CLD. The most commonly evaluated imaging biomarkers are surrogates for liver fibrosis, fat, and iron.

Secondary Hypertension and Complications: Diagnosis and Role of Imaging.

Hypertension is a common problem; if left untreated, it can result in significant complications, including those involving the cardiovascular system and end organs. Approximately 10% of patients with hypertension are classified as having , defined as hypertension attributable to a specific and potentially remediable cause. The evaluation for secondary hypertension typically begins with acquiring the patient history and performing a physical examination and screening laboratory tests.

Repeatability of MR Elastography of Liver: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis to generate an estimate of the repeatability coefficient (RC) for magnetic resonance (MR) elastography of the liver. Materials and Methods A systematic search of databases was performed for publications on MR elastography during the 10-year period between 2006 and 2015. The identified studies were screened independently and were verified reciprocally by all authors.

Role of Imaging in the Evaluation of Male Infertility.

Infertility is defined herein as the inability to achieve pregnancy after frequently engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse for 1 year. Among infertile couples, the cause of infertility involves the male partner in approximately 50% of cases. Male infertility is usually caused by conditions affecting sperm production, sperm function, or both, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm.

Elastography in Chronic Liver Disease: Modalities, Techniques, Limitations, and Future Directions.

Chronic liver disease has multiple causes, many of which are increasing in prevalence. The final common pathway of chronic liver disease is tissue destruction and attempted regeneration, a pathway that triggers fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis. Assessment of fibrosis is important not only for diagnosis but also for management, prognostic evaluation, and follow-up of patients with chronic liver disease.

Multimodality imaging to assess immediate response to irreversible electroporation in a rat liver tumor model.

Purpose: To compare changes on ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) images after irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation of liver and tumor tissues in a rodent hepatoma model.

Materials And Methods: Studies received approval from the institutional animal care and use committee. Forty-eight rats were used, and N1-S1 tumors were implanted in 24.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiology reporting template: consensus statement of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with a high mortality rate. Proper determination of the extent of disease on imaging studies at the time of staging is one of the most important steps in optimal patient management. Given the variability in expertise and definition of disease extent among different practitioners as well as frequent lack of complete reporting of pertinent imaging findings at radiologic examinations, adoption of a standardized template for radiology reporting, using universally accepted and agreed on terminology for solid pancreatic neoplasms, is needed.