Retooling the Massive Transfusion Protocol at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Introduction: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) ensure the timely and life-saving delivery of blood products to patients who are rapidly exsanguinating. Although essential, MTPs are also highly resource-intensive. Effective MTP implementation must balance the resources of the hospital with the needs of the patient population that they serve, as well as avoid instances of unjustified activations.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black Women in the US.

Importance: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women is a critical public health concern, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities and impacting community-wide vaccination efforts.

Objective: To explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women in the US and identify the specific concerns and experiences shaping hesitant attitudes toward vaccination.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Qualitative study using in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted virtually between June and November 2021.

Atrial Fibrillation and Retinal Stroke.

Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common, chronic, cardiac arrythmia in older US adults. It is not known whether AF is independently associated with increased risk of retinal stroke (central retinal artery occlusion), a subtype of ischemic stroke that causes severely disabling visual loss in most cases and is a harbinger of further vascular events.

Objective: To determine whether there is an association between AF and retinal stroke.

Utility of Candidate Genes From an Algorithm Designed to Predict Genetic Risk for Opioid Use Disorder.

Importance: Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration gave premarketing approval to an algorithm based on its purported ability to identify individuals at genetic risk for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the clinical utility of the candidate genetic variants included in the algorithm has not been independently demonstrated.

Objective: To assess the utility of 15 genetic variants from an algorithm intended to predict OUD risk.

Outcomes Following Close Collaboration With Parents Intervention in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is critical for parental involvement and infant well-being, yet few studies have evaluated the impact of FCC interventions on practice or examined how implementation fidelity may affect these outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between the Close Collaboration With Parents intervention and FCC practices and how implementation fidelity may modify these outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized clinical trial had a before-and-after design.

Validation of the 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis in Koran patients with giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: We applied the 2022 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Association for Rheumatology (EULAR) criteria to Korean patients previously diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA) according to the 1990 ACR criteria and validated its clinical efficiency.

Methods: Nine patients with GCA were included in this study. The proportion of patients meeting each item of the 1990 ACR criteria and the 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria were assessed.

Cochlear Implant Electrode Placement and Music Perception.

Importance: Cochlear implants enable improvements in speech perception, but music perception outcomes remain variable. Image-guided cochlear implant programming has emerged as a potential programming strategy for increasing the quality of spectral information delivered through the cochlear implant to improve outcomes.

Objectives: To perform 2 experiments, the first of which modeled the variance in music perception scores as a function of electrode positioning factors, and the second of which evaluated image-guided cochlear implant programming as a strategy to improve music perception with a cochlear implant.

Noise Exposure History and Age-Related Changes to Hearing.

Importance: Noise exposure is a major modifiable risk factor for hearing loss, yet it is not known whether it affects the rate of hearing decline in aging.

Objective: To determine the association of noise exposure history with the rate of pure-tone threshold change per year.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in the ongoing community-based Medical University of South Carolina Longitudinal Cohort Study of Age-Related Hearing Loss (1988 to present with the sample based in Charleston, South Carolina, and surrounding area).

Shared Local Oncology Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although sharing care with local oncologists after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been proposed for patients living far from HCT centers, it is not known whether a shared strategy is safe or improves patient quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of sharing follow-up care after HCT between the HCT specialty center and local oncologists.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter collaborative randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing HCT at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)-a high volume HCT center in Boston (Massachusetts)-and 8 local oncology practices.

Safety and Vision Outcomes Following Gene Therapy for Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a severe genetic retinopathy caused by variants in the CYP4V2 gene. Currently, there is no approved treatment for BCD.

Objective: To evaluate safety and vision outcomes following gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding CYP4V2 (rAAV-hCYP4V2, NGGT001 [Next Generation Gene Therapeutics]).

miRNA Expression Profile in Primary Limbal Epithelial Cells of Aniridia Patients.

Purpose: This study evaluates the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in primary limbal epithelial cells (pLECs) of patients with aniridia.

Methods: Primary human LECs were sampled and isolated from 10 patients with aniridia and 10 healthy donors. The miRNA profile was analyzed using miRNA microarrays.

Recombinant Thrombomodulin Domain 1 Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Enhances Healing in Corneal Alkali Burns.

Purpose: Corneal alkali burns are severe ocular injuries characterized by intense inflammation, tissue damage, and vision impairment, with current treatments often insufficient in restoring corneal function and clarity. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of recombinant thrombomodulin domain 1 (rTMD1) in the treatment of corneal alkali burns, focusing on its impact on inflammation, tissue repair, fibrosis, and neovascularization.

Methods: A murine model of corneal alkali burn was utilized to investigate the therapeutic potential of rTMD1.

PRMT1-Mediated Arginine Methylation Promotes Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing via Epigenetic Regulation of ANXA3.

Purpose: Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is an integral constituent of numerous cellular processes. However, its role in corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of PRMT1 on cellular mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial repair and its potential to improve wound healing outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Different Atropine Regimens for the Treatment of Myopia in Children: Three-Year Results of the MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Additional data are required regarding atropine treatment regimens for control of myopia progression.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of different atropine regimens for myopia in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a secondary analysis of the 3-year results of the 24-Month Myopia Outcome Study of Atropine in Children (MOSAIC) trial, called the MOSAIC2 trial.

Virtual Neonatal Resuscitation Curriculum for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to Improve Out-of-Hospital Newborn Care.

Objectives: Out-of-hospital births are associated with a 2-to 11-fold increased risk of death compared to in-hospital births and are growing. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians have limited exposure to hospital birth emergencies, and there is no standardized prehospital neonatal resuscitation curriculum. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines are the standard of care for infants born in the United States but focuses on in-hospital births and is not easily applied to EMS.