Development of the Madrid Stroke Programme: Milestones and Changes in Stroke Trends and Mortality from 1997 to 2017.

Introduction: Stroke is a serious health problem, given it is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the European Union. Our study aimed to assess the impact of stroke care organization measures (such as the development of stroke units, implementation of a regional stroke code, and treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy) implemented from 1997 to 2017 on hospital admissions due to stroke and mortality attributed to stroke in the Madrid health region.

Methods: Epidemiological data were obtained from the National Statistics Institute public website.

LAMP2 deficiency attenuates the neurodegeneration markers induced by HSV-1 infection.

Mounting evidence suggests a major role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection has emerged as a major factor in the etiology of AD. HSV-1 is able to induce some of the main alterations of the disease such as hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide.

Calcium-Dependent Regulation of the Neuronal Glycine Transporter GlyT2 by M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

The neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2 modulates inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission and plays a key role in regulating nociceptive signal progression. The cholinergic system acting through muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) also mediates important regulations of nociceptive transmission being the M2 subtype the most abundantly expressed in the spinal cord. Here we studied the effect of M2 mAChRs stimulation on GlyT2 function co-expressed in a heterologous system with negligible levels of muscarinic receptor activity.

Dendritic Nanotheranostic for the Delivery of Infliximab: A Potential Carrier in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Antibodies are macromolecules that specifically recognize their target, making them good candidates to be employed in various therapies. The possibility of attaching a drug to an immunoglobulin makes it possible to release it specifically into the affected tissue as long as it overexpresses the target. However, chemical coupling could affect the functionality (specificity and affinity) of the antibody.

Wnt and Vitamin D at the Crossroads in Solid Cancer.

Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is common in many types of solid cancers. Likewise, a large proportion of cancer patients have vitamin D deficiency. In line with these observations, Wnt/β-catenin signaling and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), the active vitamin D metabolite, usually have opposite effects on cancer cell proliferation and phenotype.

[Laser in prostate cancer. Applicability.].

Objectives: In recent years, there has been a rise concerning the research and development of focal prostate cancer therapies as a consequence of the high percentage of low-risk and localized prostate cancers. These focal therapies aim at preserving the gland in selected patients to avoid overtreatment. The application of lasers for focal ablation and photodynamic therapy has shown promising results in exchange for a minimal rate of adverse events compared to radical treatments.

Blood Lymphocyte Subsets for Early Identification of Non-Remission to TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

TNF inhibitors (TNFis) are widely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although the response rates to this therapy in patients with RA remains heterogeneous and < 50% achieve remission (REM). To analyze baseline peripheral blood leukocytes profiles in order to search for biomarkers identifying patients who will most likely not achieve REM under TNFi treatment. A prospective bi-center pilot study including 98 RA patients treated with TNFis and followed-up during 6 months.

Polyphenols Attenuate Highly-Glycosylated Haemoglobin-Induced Damage in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells.

We investigated the cytoprotective role of the dietary polyphenols on putative damage induced by Amadori adducts in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells (HPMCs). Increased accumulation of early products of non-enzymatic protein glycation-Amadori adducts-in the peritoneal dialysis fluid due to their high glucose, induces severe damage in mesothelial cells during peritoneal dialysis. Dietary polyphenols reportedly have numerous health benefits in various diseases and have been used as an efficient antioxidant in the context of several oxidative stress-related pathologies.

Outcomes of DIEP Flap and Fluorescent Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap can be associated with complications such as fat necrosis. The authors' objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of fluorescent angiography with indocyanine green to reduce fat necrosis.

Methods: The authors designed a parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial for unilateral breast reconstruction.

[Fragile hip fracture in Mexico: Where are we today? Where do we want to go?].

Introduction: Hip fracture is considered the most serious consequence of falls and osteoporosis. 18% of women will suffer one and 25% die in the first year. Only 73% of survivors will walk as they did previously.

Hyperekplexia-associated mutations in the neuronal glycine transporter 2.

Hyperekplexia or startle disease is a dysfunction of inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission characterized by an exaggerated startle in response to trivial tactile or acoustic stimuli. Although rare, this disorder can have serious consequences, including sudden infant death. One of the most frequent causes of hyperekplexia are mutations in the SLC6A5 gene, encoding the neuronal glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), a key component of inhibitory glycinergic presynapses involved in synaptic glycine recycling though sodium and chloride-dependent co-transport.

Clinical and microbiological profile of infectious keratitis in an area of Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: To study antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial keratitis (BK), its profile over 10 years and its influence on ophthalmological practice.

Methods: Retrospective review of BK with positive corneal scraping over a 10-year period. Risk factors for keratitis, visual acuity (VA), empirical topical treatment, corneal infection characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for BK due to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Propionibacterium acnes.

Glycine Transporters in Glia Cells: Structural Studies.

Glycine, besides exerting essential metabolic functions, is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in caudal areas of the central nervous system and also a positive neuromodulator at excitatory glutamate-mediated synapses. Glial cells provide metabolic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. Six transporters belonging to three solute carrier families (SLC6, SLC38, and SLC7) are capable of transporting glycine across the glial plasma membrane.

Evaluation of bacterial adherence of clinical isolates of using a competitive model: An approach to the "race for the surface" theory.

Objectives: Implant-related infection is one of the most devastating complications in orthopaedic surgery. Many surface and/or material modifications have been developed in order to minimise this problem; however, most of the studies did not evaluate bacterial adhesion in the presence of eukaryotic cells, as stated by the 'race for the surface' theory. Moreover, the adherence of numerous clinical strains with different initial concentrations has not been studied.

Rezolsta® (Darunavir/Cobicistat): First Boosted Protease Inhibitor Co-formulated with Cobicistat.

Rezolsta® (darunavir/cobicistat) is the first boosted protease inhibitor in a fixed-dose combination to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. It contains darunavir, a protease inhibitor with a well-known safety and efficacy profile, and the new pharmacokinetic enhancer cobicistat. The convenience of this combination makes boosted darunavir easier to take, thus improving adherence.

A blood-based, 7-metabolite signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Accurate blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could constitute simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of this devastating neurodegenerative disease. We sought to develop a robust AD biomarker panel by identifying alterations in plasma metabolites that persist throughout the continuum of AD pathophysiology. Using a multicenter, cross-sectional study design, we based our analysis on metabolites whose levels were altered both in AD patients and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the earliest identifiable stage of AD.

Molecular basis of the dominant negative effect of a glycine transporter 2 mutation associated with hyperekplexia.

Hyperekplexia or startle disease is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by an exaggerated startle in response to trivial tactile or acoustic stimuli. This neurological disorder can have serious consequences in neonates, provoking brain damage and/or sudden death due to apnea episodes and cardiorespiratory failure. Hyperekplexia is caused by defective inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission.

Facial emotional processing deficits in long-term HIV-suppressed patients.

Introduction: Emotional processing is basic for social behaviour. We examine for the first time the facial emotion processing in long-term HIV-suppressed patients.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing (ANOVA) six facial emotional processing tasks (two discrimination, two memory and two recognition) between HIV-suppressed patients (HIV+) on effective antiretroviral therapy (>2 years) and matched (age, gender) healthy controls (HCs).