Complex and Dynamic Gene-by-Age and Gene-by-Environment Interactions Underlie Functional Morphological Variation in Adaptive Divergence in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

The evolution of adaptive phenotypic divergence requires heritable genetic variation. However, it is underappreciated that trait heritability is molded by developmental processes interacting with the environment. We hypothesized that the genetic architecture of divergent functional traits was dependent on age and foraging environment.

Disease Modules Associated with Unfavorable Sleep Patterns and Their Genetic Determinants: A Prospective Cohort Study of the UK Biobank.

Unlabelled: Despite the established associations between sleep-related traits and major diseases, comprehensive assessment on affected disease modules and their genetic determinants is lacking. Using multiple correspondence analysis and the k-means clustering algorithm, 235,826 eligible participants were clustered into distinct unfavorable sleep patterns [short sleep duration ( = 10,073), snoring (22,419), insomnia (102,771), insomnia and snoring (62,909)] and favorable sleep pattern groups (37,654). The associations of unfavorable sleep patterns with 134 diseases were estimated using Cox regression models; and comorbidity network analyses were applied for disease module identification.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and the risk of thrombotic events: Results from iStopMM, a prospective population-based screening study.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma and related diseases but has also been associated with thrombosis. Prior studies have not been based on screened cohorts leading to bias. We assessed the risk of thrombosis in a cohort of 75 422 individuals over 40 years old who were screened for MGUS in Iceland.

Effect of iron status on myocardial infarction: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: In observational studies, connections have been identified between iron status and myocardial infarction (MI). The significance of changes in iron status as either a risk factor or a result of MI remains unclear.

Methods: We obtained our instrumental variables from a meta-analysis of three GWASs in Iceland, the UK, and Denmark, which discovered 62 independent sequence variants across 56 loci linked to blood iron levels, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), and the Genetics of Iron Status (GIS) database for transferrin.

Global prevalence, resistance rates, and underlying resistance mechanisms of clinical Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species.

Mycoplasmas are significant pathogens in human health, implicated in a range of clinical conditions from respiratory infections to urogenital disorders. Their resistance to commonly used antibiotics poses a substantial challenge to treatment and control. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global distribution of clinical mycoplasmas, elucidate their resistance to various antibiotics, and identify the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying their resistance.

Phenylobacterium ferrooxidans sp. nov., isolated from a sub-surface geothermal aquifer in Iceland.

A novel bacterial strain, HK31-G, was isolated from a subsurface geothermal aquifer (Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland) and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene along with phylogenomic position indicated that the novel strain belongs to the genus Phenylobacterium. Cells are motile Gram-negative thin rods.

Peripheral risk factors and their role in biomarker-based screening for dementia in the community.

Introduction: Peripheral risk factors (PRFs) may correlate with dementia plasma biomarkers, potentially reflecting peripheral rather than brain health. This study explores the associations between PRFs and plasma biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total-tau, and their role in predicting future dementia.

Methods: Data from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (2002-2015) included 4353 participants mean age of 76.

Linking Foraging Behaviour and Habitat Preferences During Moult Across Multiple Populations of Red-Throated Diver.

Understanding the habitat use of individuals can facilitate methods to measure the degree to which populations will be affected by potential stressors. Such insights can be hard to garner for marine species that are inaccessible during phases of their annual cycles. Here, we quantify the link between foraging habitat and behaviour in an aquatic bird of high conservation concern, the red-throated diver () across three breeding populations (Finland, Iceland and Scotland) during their understudied moult period.

Upper airway collapsibility during rapid eye movement sleep tracks the response to upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Endotype-based intervention has shown promise in treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, and upper airway surgery is an important therapeutic option. However, the response to surgery varies among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This study aims to examine changes in endotypic traits following upper airway surgery and their association with surgical outcome.

The relationship between brain structure and function during novel grammar learning across development.

In this study, we explored the relationship between developmental differences in gray matter structure and grammar learning ability in 159 Dutch-speaking individuals (8 to 25 yr). The data were collected as part of a recent large-scale functional MRI study (Menks WM, Ekerdt C, Lemhöfer K, Kidd E, Fernández G, McQueen JM, Janzen G. Developmental changes in brain activation during novel grammar learning in 8-25-year-olds.

A genome-scale metabolic reconstruction provides insight into the metabolism of the thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus.

The thermophilic bacterium Rhodothermus marinus has mainly been studied for its thermostable enzymes. More recently, the potential of using the species as a cell factory and in biorefinery platforms has been explored, due to the elevated growth temperature, native production of compounds such as carotenoids and exopolysaccharides, the ability to grow on a wide range of carbon sources including polysaccharides, and available genetic tools. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolism of cell factories is important.

A mediastinal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma radically resected with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and transection of the ascending aorta.

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumour that rarely behaves malignant. We report a radical resection of a mediastinal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, which grew invasively into the pulmonary artery wall, was adherent to the posterior aorta and close to the main stem of the left coronary artery. A transection of the aorta was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest for a safe and radical removal that resulted in symptom relief.

Differences in Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Fitness, and Kicking Speed in Young Football Players According to Performance Level, Playing Position, and Relative Age Effect: A Population-Based Study.

Oddsson, HR, Friðgeirsdóttir, KÝ, Hafliðadóttir, L, Einarsson, IÞ, Kristjánsdóttir, H, and Saavedra, JM. Differences in anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and kicking speed in young football players according to performance level, playing position, and relative age effect: a population-based study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The objectives of this study were to determine (a) the differences, both in male and female players, in anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and kicking speed based on the players' level and position on the field; (b) whether there is a relative age effect based on the players' level, and (c) whether there is a relationship between the relative age effect and the anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and kicking speed parameters.

Comparative analysis of sleep physiology using qualitative and quantitative criteria for insomnia symptoms.

Despite decades of research, defining insomnia remains challenging due to its complex and variable nature. Various diagnostic systems emphasize the chronic nature of insomnia and its impact on daily functioning, relying heavily on patient self-reporting due to limitations in objective measures like polysomnography (PSG). Discrepancies between subjective experiences and objective PSG results highlight the need for more nuanced approaches, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, which reveals distinct patterns of high-frequency activity in individuals with insomnia.

Population Genetics of the Deep-sea Acorn Barnacle (Hoek, 1883) and the First Report of its Affiliation with a Hydrothermal Vent Field.

Confined by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the European continental shelf, the deep-sea acorn barnacle (Hoek, 1883) lives in the northeast Atlantic deep sea, where it has been frequently reported in high current areas. Cemented to a solid substrate during its entire adult life, the species can only disperse by means of planktotrophic nauplius larvae. This study reports on the occurrence, ecology and genetic connectivity of from four sites within the northeastern Iceland Basin and presents the first record of the species living affiliated with hydrothermal vent field on the Reykjanes Ridge axis.

Intracranial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Simulating a Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report.

A 68-year-old patient came to the emergency department complaining of headaches and general weakness for the past month. The patient is known to have myeloproliferative disease. Non-contrast computer tomography showed a hyperdense extra-axial collection in bilateral frontoparietal regions, which was presumed to be bilateral subdural hematoma as the initial diagnosis.

Nurses' Attitudes Toward Family Importance in Nursing Care and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To know the nurses' attitudes toward family involvement in nursing care and factors that can influence it.

Design: A cross-sectional design study was carried out on 253 clinical nurses.

Methods: Data was collected from 253 clinical nurses using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses' Attitudes Scale, the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) and the Iceland Health Care Practitioner Illness Beliefs Questionnaire.

The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders tend to have more social difficulties than typically developing children. The aim of the current study was to examine parent and teacher-reported effects of age and gender on social functioning in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD, autism, or co-occurring ADHD and autism using a cross-sectional study design. This nationwide clinical sample included 2132 Icelandic children and adolescents (35% girls, 65% boys) aged 5-18 years referred for a neurodevelopmental diagnostic assessment (ADHD and/or autism) in Iceland.

Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.

Objective: To identify therapeutic protein targets for bladder cancer (BCa) using Mendelian randomization (MR) and assess potential adverse effects of these targets.

Methods: A proteome-wide MR study was conducted to determine causal relationships between plasma proteins and BCa risk. In the discovery stage, the plasma proteins (Exposure) were sourced from the R10 of Finnish database, Olink (619 samples across 2925 proteins) and SomaScan (828 samples across 7596 proteins), and Iceland database.

Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychological, and neurostimulatory interventions for ADHD in adults: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis.

Background: The comparative benefits and harms of available interventions for ADHD in adults remain unclear. We aimed to address these important knowledge gaps.

Methods: In this systematic review and component network meta-analysis (NMA), we searched multiple databases for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD in adults from database inception to Sept 6, 2023.