The potential for glacial flour to impact soil fertility, crop yield and nutrition in mountain regions.

Novel sustainable agricultural strategies that enhance soil nutrients and human nutrition are crucial for meeting global food production needs. Here, we evaluate the potential of "glacial flour," a naturally crushed rock produced by glaciers known to be rich in nutrients (P, K, and micronutrients) needed for plant growth. Our proof-of-concept study, investigated soybean ( var.

The 2021 Baby Boom in Iceland: Exploring the Role of a Parental Leave Reform and the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In 2021, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Total Fertility Rate in Iceland rose unexpectedly from 1.79 to 1.90.

Influence of Menstrual Phase and Symptoms on Sleep Before and After Matches for Professional Footballers.

This study investigated the association of menstrual cycle phase and symptoms with objective and subjective sleep measures from professional footballers before and after matches. Twenty-three non-hormonal contraceptive-using professional footballers (from four clubs) were monitored for up to four menstrual cycles during a domestic league season. Menstrual phases (menstruation, mid-late follicular, luteal) were determined using calendar counting and urinary hormone tests (luteinizing hormone and pregnandiol-3-glucuronide).

ColMA-based bioprinted 3D scaffold allowed to study tenogenic events in human tendon stem cells.

The advent of bioprinting has enabled the creation of precise three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures suitable for biomimetic in vitro models. In this study, we developed a novel protocol for 3D printing methacrylated collagen (ColMa, or PhotoCol®) combined with tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) derived from human tendon explants. Although pure ColMa has not previously been proposed as a printable hydrogel, this paper outlines a robust and highly reproducible pipeline for bioprinting this material.

Genetic diversity and intercontinental dispersal of temperate and subarctic populations of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda; Diphyllobothriidea), a causative agent of dibothriocephalosis.

The diphyllobothriid tapeworm Dibothriocephalus dendriticus, one of the causative agents of the fish-borne zoonosis dibothriocephalosis, is mainly distributed in the Arctic/subarctic and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, and Asia), but also in the southern cone region of South America (Patagonia). The genetic structure and gene flow among 589 individuals of D. dendriticus, representing 20 populations, were studied using the mitochondrial cox1 gene as the first choice marker and 10 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci as a dominant molecular tool.

Combining Postural Sway Parameters and Machine Learning to Assess Biomechanical Risk Associated with Load-Lifting Activities.

: Long-term work-related musculoskeletal disorders are predominantly influenced by factors such as the duration, intensity, and repetitive nature of load lifting. Although traditional ergonomic assessment tools can be effective, they are often challenging and complex to apply due to the absence of a streamlined, standardized framework. Recently, integrating wearable sensors with artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising approach to effectively monitor and mitigate biomechanical risks.

Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains.

Climate-driven changes in high-elevation forest distribution and reductions in snow and ice cover have major implications for ecosystems and global water security. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of the Rocky Mountains (United States), recent melting of a high-elevation (3,091 m asl) ice patch exposed a mature stand of whitebark pine () trees, located ~180 m in elevation above modern treeline, that date to the mid-Holocene (c. 5,950 to 5,440 cal y BP).

Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Diversity in Spatially Separated Microbial Communities in the Icelandic Mars Analog Environment Mælifellssandur.

Exploration missions to Mars rely on landers or rovers to perform multiple analyses over geographically small sampling regions, while landing site selection is done using large-scale but low-resolution remote-sensing data. Utilizing Earth analog environments to estimate small-scale spatial and temporal variation in key geochemical signatures and biosignatures will help mission designers ensure future sampling strategies meet mission science goals. Icelandic lava fields can serve as Mars analog sites due to conditions that include low nutrient availability, temperature extremes, desiccation, and isolation from anthropogenic contamination.

Functionalized regioisomers of the natural product phenazines myxin and iodinin as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human acute myeloid leukemia cells.

The natural bioactive products myxin and iodinin are phenazine 5,10-dioxides possessing potent anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activity in vitro. This work describes the synthesis and derivatization of new myxin and iodinin regioisomers, developed from 1,3-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide. Compounds were evaluated for activity towards M.

Ultra-compact quintuple-band terahertz metamaterial biosensor for enhanced blood cancer diagnostics.

Cancer and its diverse variations pose one of the most significant threats to human health and well-being. One of the most aggressive forms is blood cancer, originating from bone marrow cells and disrupting the production of normal blood cells. The incidence of blood cancer is steadily increasing, driven by both genetic and environmental factors.

Polymeric Gluten Proteins as Climate-Resilient Markers of Quality: Can LC-MS/MS Provide Valuable Information about Spring Wheat Grown in Diverse Climates?

In this study, the impact of the varying environments, wet-cool (2017), dry-hot (2018), and fluctuating (2019), on two spring wheat genotypes, Diskett and Bumble, grown in field conditions in southern Sweden was studied. From harvested grains, polymeric gluten proteins were fractionated and collected using SE-HPLC and then analyzed with LC-MS/MS. Proteins and peptides identified through searches against the protein sequences of (taxon 4565) from the UniProtKB database showed 7 high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and 24 low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) with different enrichment levels for both genotypes.

Do the biological characteristics of trout (Salmo trutta) smolts influence their spring migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration?

Anadromous salmonids migrate seaward to exploit feeding and growth opportunities in marine habitats, yet how smolt biological characteristics influence their marine migratory behavior remains poorly understood. This study used 9 years of trout (Salmo trutta) population monitoring data from 15,595 tagged age-0+ parr, 1033 smolts detected migrating downstream in spring, and 99 adults detected returning from their first marine migration to the River Frome (Dorset, UK) to investigate the influence of smolt biological characteristics on their migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration. Age-specific differences in the influence of smolt length on migration timing were found, with longer 1-year-old smolts emigrating later than their shorter counterparts within the same age class, but the opposite association existed for 2-year-old smolts.

Indirect Detection of the Protons in and around Biradicals and their Mechanistic Role in MAS-DNP.

The contribution of protons in or near biradical polarizing agents in Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) has recently been under scrutiny. Results from selective deuteration and simulations have previously suggested that the role of protons in the biradical molecule depends on the strength of the electron-electron coupling. Here we use the cross effect DNP mechanism to identify and acquire H solid-state NMR spectra of the protons that contribute to propagation of the hyperpolarization, via an experimental approach dubbed Nuclear-Nuclear Double Resonance (NUDOR).

A posterior pericardial chest tube is associated with reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A propensity score-matched study.

Objective: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery that is associated with other adverse outcomes. Recent studies have shown that drainage of pericardial effusion by a posterior pericardial incision reduces the incidence of POAF. An alternative approach is a chest tube placed posteriorly in the pericardium.

The newborn behavioural observations (NBO) system embedded in routine postpartum care in at-risk families in Iceland: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The Newborn Behaviour Observation system (NBO) is a flexible relationship-based intervention designed to sensitise parents to their newborn's capacities, to increase parental confidence and foster the bond between parent and infant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an NBO intervention on maternal confidence during the first month postpartum, and on the quality of mother-infant interaction at infant age 4 months in a sample of mothers who exhibit elevated signs of distress or depression during pregnancy and/or describe prior experiences of mental health issues.

Method: Pregnant women with current emotional distress and/or a history of anxiety and depression were recruited from a healthcare centre in Reykjavik, between August 2016 and April 2018.

Multiple Perspectives on the Need for Real-World Evidence to Inform Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment Decision-Making: Scoping Review and Stakeholder Interviews.

Purpose: Real-world evidence (RWE) is increasingly considered in regulatory and health technology assessment (HTA) decision-making, though perspectives on its relevance may vary. Expanding on a recent review regarding regulatory decisions, this study aimed to identify factors influencing the need for RWE in HTA decision-making, confirm and enrich factors with stakeholder views, and evaluate similarities and differences between regulatory and HTA needs.

Methods: Previous scoping review methodology was used to identify factors influencing the need for RWE in HTA decision-making.

Patchiness of plankton ecosystem structure due to nutrient mixing along the shelf edge in the North Sea.

Mid-water column turbulence has been shown to cause elevated vertical nutrient flux at the shelf edge in the northeastern North Sea. Here, we demonstrate that phytoplankton communities in this region tend to be dominated by larger cells (estimated from percentage of chlorophyll captured on a 10 μm filter) than beyond the shelf edge. F/F (PSII electron transport capacity) corrected for photoinhibition in the surface layer correlated in this study with the percentage of chlorophyll captured on a 10 µm filter (assumed to be large cells), suggesting that the phytoplankton community was responding to increased nutrients in the euphotic zone by increasing photosynthetic efficiency and altering community composition.

Completion of registration of risk factor variables during telephone vs on-site follow-up after myocardial infarction: a nationwide observational study in 101 199 patients from contemporary clinical practice in Sweden.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the completeness of registration of secondary preventive variables comparing on-site visits with telephone consultations during follow-up after myocardial infarction.

Design: This was an observational study based on the Swedish quality registry SWEDEHEART.

Setting And Outcome Measures: We analysed the proportion of missing values for major secondary preventive target data registered at the 2-month and 1-year follow-up visits, during 2006-2022 (n=101 199).

Antimicrobial Preservatives in Cyclodextrin-Containing Drug Formulations.

In general, antimicrobial preservatives are essential components of multidose pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial growth and contamination, many of which contain lipophilic and poorly water-soluble drugs in need of solubilizing excipients, such as cyclodextrins (CDs). However, CDs frequently reduce or even abolish the antimicrobial activities of commonly used pharmaceutical preservatives. The degree of inactivation depends on the CD complexation of the preservatives, which in turn depends on their chemical structure and physiochemical properties.

The Impact of Persevering Home Full-Body In-Bed Gym Exercise on Body Muscles in Aging: A Case Report by Quantitative Radio-Densitometric Study Using 3D and 2D Color CT.

Unlabelled: Background and Clinical Significance: Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss and fat infiltration, poses a significant health burden for aging populations. Quantitative Color 2D and 3D radiodensitometry provides a powerful tool to monitor muscle quality and quantity through CT imaging. This study assessed the impact of a ten-year-long home-bed gym exercise intervention on muscle quality in an elderly subject using CT-derived radiodensitometric analysis.

Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Bioaccessibility in Commercial Marine Oil Supplements: An In Vitro Integrated Analytical Study.

Zooplankton such as copepods and krill are currently used to produce marine oil supplements, with the aim of helping consumers achieve the recommended intake of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs). Oils from lower trophic levels differ from fish oil in the distribution of lipids into different classes, and this can influence the bioaccessibility of fatty acids, i.e.

A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients.

Objectives: Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Achievements, priorities and strategies in pediatric nephrology in Europe: need for unifying approaches or acceptance of differences?

Background: There is a lack of information on the current healthcare systems for children with kidney diseases across Europe. The aim of this study was to explore the different national approaches to the organization and delivery of pediatric nephrology services within Europe.

Methods: In 2020, the European society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify the existing pediatric nephrology healthcare systems in 48 European countries covering a population of more than 200 million children.