IoT based intelligent pest management system for precision agriculture.

Despite seemingly inexorable imminent risks of food insecurity that hang over the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan where traditional agricultural methods are being followed, there still are opportunities created by technology that can help us steer clear of food crisis threats in upcoming years. At present, the agricultural sector worldwide is rapidly pacing towards technology-driven Precision Agriculture (PA) approaches for enhancing crop protection and boosting productivity. Literature highlights the limitations of traditional approaches such as chances of human error in recognizing and counting pests, and require trained labor.

Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally.

Empirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.

The ADHD Assessment Quality Assurance Standard for Children and Teenagers (CAAQAS).

Around 5% of the children and teenagers worldwide are affected by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD], making it a major public health concern. Recently, demand for assessments has substantially increased, putting strain on healthcare and waiting lists. There is concern that pressure to clear service bottlenecks is leading to variable quality and reliability of ADHD assessments in this population.

Differentiation status determines the effects of IFNγ on the expression of PD-L1 and immunomodulatory genes in melanoma.

Background: Melanoma cells frequently dedifferentiate in response to inflammation which can increase responses to certain cytokines. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is an integral part of the anti-tumor immune response and can directly induce both differentiational changes and expression of immunosuppressive proteins in melanoma cells. How the differentiation status of melanoma cells affects IFNγ responses remains unclear.

Optimization of microwave components using machine learning and rapid sensitivity analysis.

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous popularity growth of optimization methods in high-frequency electronics, including microwave design. With the increasing complexity of passive microwave components, meticulous tuning of their geometry parameters has become imperative to fulfill demands imposed by the diverse application areas. More and more often, achieving the best possible performance requires global optimization.

Persistence, severity and reactivity thresholds in fish allergic patients sensitized to parvalbumin.

Background: Fish allergy affects children and adults worldwide and there are transient and persistent phenotypes.

Objective: We aimed to analyze persistence, severity and reactivity thresholds in challenge-confirmed fish allergic patients sensitized to parvalbumin.

Methods: Patients 12-65 years-old reporting immediate reactions to fish, with fish skin prick test ≥5 mm and IgE to cod and carp β-parvalbumins ≥0.

An Exploratory Analysis of Child Characteristics Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Parent-Led Cognitive Behavioral Teletherapy for Anxiety in Autistic Children.

Parent-led cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficient, promising form of therapy that may be well suited for autistic youth with anxiety disorders. A recent clinical trial found that parent-led CBT - in which parents led their child through a guided CBT workbook with varying degrees of therapist support - was efficacious for reducing anxiety and associated functional impairment. While such findings demonstrate promise for future intervention development and dissemination efforts with this population, more work is needed to elucidate clinical factors that impact response to treatment as well as drop-out.

Time-series InSAR measurement using ICOPS and estimation of along-track surface deformation using MAI during the 2021 eruption of Fagradalsfjall Volcano, Iceland.

The eruption in Fagradalsfjall Volcano, located in Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, from several centuries' dormant states, occurred for the first time on March 19, 2021. Observations of Fagradalsfjall Volcano were conducted in 2021, and the eruption period lasted for six months until 18 September 2021. Six days pair of interferograms were generated from ninety synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data.

Comparison of Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics Between ACL-Injured and Healthy Semi-Professional Male and Female Soccer Players.

Given the increasing use of innovative force plate systems in applied sports settings and the impact that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have on team success, the purpose of the present study was to compare the lower-body neuromuscular performance characteristics of athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and their non-injured counterparts (i.e., healthy controls).

Maximizing Collagen Yield from Underutilized Lumpfish () Skins by Optimizing Pre-Cleaning and Extraction Methods.

Female lumpfish () are a primary target of commercial fishery for their roe, a substitute for caviar. The remaining carcasses are underutilized rest raw material. The pre-treatment and acid extraction conditions of collagen from lumpfish skins were optimized.

Sex differences in clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders over the lifespan: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden.

Background: Limited studies exist on sex differences in incidence rates of psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. This study aims to analyze sex differences in the incidence rates of clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders over the lifespan.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study, including all individuals who were born in Sweden and lived in Sweden between 2003 and 2019, including 4,818,071 females and 4,837,829 males.

Impact of dementia and mild cognitive impairment on bone health in older people.

Mild cognitive impairment, dementia and osteoporosis are common diseases of ageing and, with the increasingly ageing global population, are increasing in prevalence. These conditions are closely associated, with shared risk factors, common underlying biological mechanisms and potential direct causal pathways. In this review, the epidemiological and mechanistic links between mild cognitive impairment, dementia and skeletal health are explored.

Kolařík L., Horáková D., Vlčková J., Matoušková I.: Epidemiological situation of Hodgkin's lymphoma with predictive modeling of global incidence and mortality in 2040.

The Aim Of The Work: The aim of our work was to describe the current epidemiological situation of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with a possible global prediction for the year 2040.

Methods: We obtained data on incidence and mortality of HL using the GLOBOCAN database. The rating was done specifically for men and women and together, with an age range of 0-85+ years.

Specialist training in infectious diseases in Europe.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine the structure of training programmes and assessment of physicians training to become infectious disease (ID) specialists in Europe in early 2024 and to document the provision of specialists, trainees and training centres in each country.

Methods: Delegates to the ID Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists entered national data on a web-based survey tool in late 2023-early 2024. Results were compared with European Union of Medical Specialists recommendations on the structure and content of postgraduate training in ID in Europe (2018), and to results of a similar survey in early 2021.

Complex and Dynamic Gene-by-Age and Gene-by-Environment Interactions Underlie Functional Morphological Variation in Adaptive Divergence in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus).

The evolution of adaptive phenotypic divergence requires heritable genetic variation. However, it is underappreciated that trait heritability is molded by developmental processes interacting with the environment. We hypothesized that the genetic architecture of divergent functional traits was dependent on age and foraging environment.

Disease Modules Associated with Unfavorable Sleep Patterns and Their Genetic Determinants: A Prospective Cohort Study of the UK Biobank.

Unlabelled: Despite the established associations between sleep-related traits and major diseases, comprehensive assessment on affected disease modules and their genetic determinants is lacking. Using multiple correspondence analysis and the k-means clustering algorithm, 235,826 eligible participants were clustered into distinct unfavorable sleep patterns [short sleep duration ( = 10,073), snoring (22,419), insomnia (102,771), insomnia and snoring (62,909)] and favorable sleep pattern groups (37,654). The associations of unfavorable sleep patterns with 134 diseases were estimated using Cox regression models; and comorbidity network analyses were applied for disease module identification.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and the risk of thrombotic events: Results from iStopMM, a prospective population-based screening study.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma and related diseases but has also been associated with thrombosis. Prior studies have not been based on screened cohorts leading to bias. We assessed the risk of thrombosis in a cohort of 75 422 individuals over 40 years old who were screened for MGUS in Iceland.

Effect of iron status on myocardial infarction: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: In observational studies, connections have been identified between iron status and myocardial infarction (MI). The significance of changes in iron status as either a risk factor or a result of MI remains unclear.

Methods: We obtained our instrumental variables from a meta-analysis of three GWASs in Iceland, the UK, and Denmark, which discovered 62 independent sequence variants across 56 loci linked to blood iron levels, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), and the Genetics of Iron Status (GIS) database for transferrin.

Global prevalence, resistance rates, and underlying resistance mechanisms of clinical Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species.

Mycoplasmas are significant pathogens in human health, implicated in a range of clinical conditions from respiratory infections to urogenital disorders. Their resistance to commonly used antibiotics poses a substantial challenge to treatment and control. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global distribution of clinical mycoplasmas, elucidate their resistance to various antibiotics, and identify the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying their resistance.

Phenylobacterium ferrooxidans sp. nov., isolated from a sub-surface geothermal aquifer in Iceland.

A novel bacterial strain, HK31-G, was isolated from a subsurface geothermal aquifer (Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland) and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene along with phylogenomic position indicated that the novel strain belongs to the genus Phenylobacterium. Cells are motile Gram-negative thin rods.

Peripheral risk factors and their role in biomarker-based screening for dementia in the community.

Introduction: Peripheral risk factors (PRFs) may correlate with dementia plasma biomarkers, potentially reflecting peripheral rather than brain health. This study explores the associations between PRFs and plasma biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total-tau, and their role in predicting future dementia.

Methods: Data from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (2002-2015) included 4353 participants mean age of 76.

Linking Foraging Behaviour and Habitat Preferences During Moult Across Multiple Populations of Red-Throated Diver.

Understanding the habitat use of individuals can facilitate methods to measure the degree to which populations will be affected by potential stressors. Such insights can be hard to garner for marine species that are inaccessible during phases of their annual cycles. Here, we quantify the link between foraging habitat and behaviour in an aquatic bird of high conservation concern, the red-throated diver () across three breeding populations (Finland, Iceland and Scotland) during their understudied moult period.

Upper airway collapsibility during rapid eye movement sleep tracks the response to upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Endotype-based intervention has shown promise in treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, and upper airway surgery is an important therapeutic option. However, the response to surgery varies among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This study aims to examine changes in endotypic traits following upper airway surgery and their association with surgical outcome.

The relationship between brain structure and function during novel grammar learning across development.

In this study, we explored the relationship between developmental differences in gray matter structure and grammar learning ability in 159 Dutch-speaking individuals (8 to 25 yr). The data were collected as part of a recent large-scale functional MRI study (Menks WM, Ekerdt C, Lemhöfer K, Kidd E, Fernández G, McQueen JM, Janzen G. Developmental changes in brain activation during novel grammar learning in 8-25-year-olds.