Association of childhood maltreatment and adverse lifetime experiences with post-injury psychopathology: evidence from the China Severe Trauma Cohort.

Background: Adverse life experiences have been associated with increased susceptibilities to psychopathology in later life. However, their impact on psychological responses following physical trauma remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Based on the China Severe Trauma Cohort, we conducted a cohort study of 2937 patients who were admitted to the Trauma Medical Center of West China Hospital between June 2020 and August 2023.

Stillbirth rate trends across 25 European countries between 2010 and 2021: the contribution of maternal age and multiplicity.

Stillbirth rates have stalled or increased in some European countries during the last decade. We investigate to what extent time-trends and between-country differences in stillbirth rates are explained by the changing prevalence of advanced maternal age and teenage pregnancies or multiple births. We analysed data on stillbirths and live births by maternal age and multiplicity from 2010 to 2021 in 25 European countries using Kitagawa decomposition to separate rate differences into compositional and rate components.

Kinship clustering within an ecologically diverse killer whale metapopulation.

Metapopulation dynamics can be shaped by foraging ecology, and thus be sensitive to shifts in prey availability. Genotyping 204 North Atlantic killer whales at 1346 loci, we investigated whether spatio-temporal population structuring is linked to prey type and distribution. Using population-based methods (reflecting evolutionary means), we report a widespread metapopulation connected across ecological groups based upon nuclear genome SNPs, yet spatial structuring based upon mitogenome haplotypes.

Lung function and onset of cardiometabolic diseases in the longitudinal Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Introduction: Previous population-based studies, mainly from high-income countries, have shown that a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between spirometry measures and the onset of cardiometabolic diseases across sites in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.

Methods: The study population comprised 5916 individuals from 15 countries participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease baseline and follow-up assessments.

Search filters for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in sleep medicine.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are increasingly common in sleep research, although the methodological quality level has been a matter of concern. Efforts towards methodological standardization are needed to ensure the reliability of sleep-related systematic reviews. The development of search strategies is a critical step in a systematic review, which often lead to methodological biases.

Small-scale genetic differentiation in mean flowering time, but not in plasticity, along a geothermal heating gradient.

Genetic differentiation in traits is assumed to frequently occur in response to divergent natural selection. For example, developmental traits might respond to differences in climate. However, little is known about when and at which spatial scales environmental differences lead to genetic differentiation, and to what extent there is genetic differentiation also in trait plasticity.

A transdisciplinary, comparative analysis reveals key risks from Arctic permafrost thaw.

Permafrost thaw poses diverse risks to Arctic environments and livelihoods. Understanding the effects of permafrost thaw is vital for informed policymaking and adaptation efforts. Here, we present the consolidated findings of a risk analysis spanning four study regions: Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway), the Avannaata municipality (Greenland), the Beaufort Sea region and the Mackenzie River Delta (Canada) and the Bulunskiy District of the Sakha Republic (Russia).

Management Measures and Trends of Biological Invasions in Europe: A Survey-Based Assessment of Local Managers.

Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and nature's contributions to people worldwide. However, the effectiveness of invasive alien species (IAS) management measures and the progress toward achieving biodiversity targets remain uncertain due to limited and nonuniform data availability. Management success is usually assessed at a local level and documented in technical reports, often written in languages other than English, which makes such data notoriously difficult to collect at large geographic scales.

Mental health and sociodemographic influences during COVID-19: Longitudinal findings from Iceland.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced numerous stressors and challenges that have had profound implications for mental health. This study examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health among Icelandic adults (n = 1766), using longitudinal survey data spanning three waves of data collection from 2019 to 2022. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress increased from the beginning of the pandemic to the second time point, approximately one year into the pandemic, coinciding with reductions in happiness and social support.

Enhancing prediction of major depressive disorder onset in adolescents: A machine learning approach.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition that often begins in adolescence, with significant long-term implications. Indicated prevention programs targeting adolescents with mild symptoms have shown efficacy, yet the methods for identifying at-risk individuals need improvement. This study aims to evaluate the utility of Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) in predicting the onset of MDD among non-depressed adolescents, compared to traditional screening methods.

Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study.

Objectives: Sleep is often compromised in adolescents, affecting their health and quality of life. This pilot-study was conducted to evaluate if implementing brief-behavioral and sleep-hygiene education with mindfulness intervention may positively affect sleep-health in adolescents.

Method: Participants in this community-based non-randomized cohort-study volunteered for intervention (IG)- or control-group (CG).

Impact of Pharmacovigilance Interventions Targeting Fluoroquinolones on Antibiotic Use in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Purpose: Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics associated with adverse events that prompted the European Medicines Agency to implement risk minimization measures (RMMs) in 2018/19 and 2020. Our aim is to assess the RMMs' impact on antibiotic prescriptions in primary care during 2014-2023.

Methods: We assessed antibiotic prescriptions using CPRD GOLD (the United Kingdom, UK) and PHARMO (the Netherlands, NL).

Breast Morphogenesis: From Normal Development to Cancer.

The human breast gland is composed of branching epithelial ducts that culminate in milk-producing units known as terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). The epithelial compartment comprises an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells (LEP) and an outer layer of contractile myoepithelial cells (MEP). Both LEP and MEP arise from a common stem cell population.

Proteins Involved in Endothelial Function and Inflammation Are Implicated in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, whether they are causal, and if so which components of the pathways represent potential treatment targets, remains uncertain.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to test the association between the circulating abundance of 996 proteins involved in endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and SVD.

Association between exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos at age 5 years and IQ at age 7 years among children from the Odense Child Cohort, a prospective birth cohort study.

Background: Over the past decade, the use of organophosphate insecticides including chlorpyrifos has faced increasing restrictions due to health concerns, leading to a rise in use of pyrethroids. Concerns about neurodevelopmental insults following pyrethroids exposure exist, but few studies have examined the long-term effects of childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on IQ.

Objective: To investigate the prospective associations between pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos exposure at age 5 years and IQ scores assessed at age 7.

Metabolomics signatures of serotonin reuptake inhibitor (escitalopram), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (duloxetine) and cognitive-behavioral therapy on key neurotransmitter pathways in major depressive disorder.

Metabolomics provides powerful tools that can inform about heterogeneity in disease and response to treatments. In this exploratory study, we employed an electrochemistry-based targeted metabolomics platform to assess the metabolic effects of three randomly-assigned treatments: escitalopram, duloxetine, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in 163 treatment-naïve outpatients with major depressive disorder. Serum samples from baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-electrochemistry for metabolites related to tryptophan, tyrosine metabolism and related pathways.

Bilateral hip exoskeleton assistance enables faster walking in individuals with chronic stroke-related gait impairments.

Millions of individuals surviving a stroke have lifelong gait impairments that reduce their personal independence and quality of life. Reduced walking speed is one of the major problems limiting community mobility and reintegration. Previous studies have shown positive effect of robot-assisted gait training utilizing hip exoskeletons for individuals with gait impairments due to a stroke, leading to increased walking speed in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment assessments.

Attribute Conditioning is insensitive to cue competition and is not predicted by the Big Five Personality Traits.

When a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus denoting an attribute, the neutral stimulus inherits that attribute (i.e., Attribute Conditioning; AC).

Heparin-binding of the human chitinase-like protein YKL-40 is allosterically modified by chitin oligosaccharides.

The chitinase-like protein YKL-40 (CHI3L1) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cancer. Recent studies highlight the growing interest in targeting and blocking the activity of YKL-40 to treat cancer. Some of those targeting-strategies have been developed to directly block the heparin-affinity of YKL-40 with promising results.

Definition and developmental goals for Nordic emergency medicine.

Although Emergency Medicine is now globally an established specialty, the Nordic countries have been relatively slow to implement it into their health care systems. To facilitate the development of EM in the Nordic area, a working group was formed with representation from all national EM societies; DASEM (Danish Society for Emergency Medicine), FiSEM (Finnish Society of Emergency Medicine), ISEM (Icelandic Society for Emergency Medicine), NCEM (Norwegian College of Emergency Medicine), and SWESEM (Swedish Society for Emergency Medicine). This group was tasked with creating a Nordic EM manifesto-to create a definition and developmental goals for Nordic Emergency Medicine.

Rare variant associations with birth weight identify genes involved in adipose tissue regulation, placental function and insulin-like growth factor signalling.

Investigating the genetic factors influencing human birth weight may lead to biological insights into fetal growth and long-term health. We report analyses of rare variants that impact birth weight when carried by either fetus or mother, using whole exome sequencing data in up to 234,675 participants. Rare protein-truncating and deleterious missense variants are collapsed to perform gene burden tests.

Riparian Soil Heavy Metal Contamination and Pollution Assessment and Management Planning Integrating Multiple Indices, Statistical and Geospatial Approaches.

This research assesses heavy metal contamination within the riparian zone of the Danro River, a tributary of the Ganges River basin in India, particularly impacted by sand mining activities. The study conducted analyses on major and trace elements in soil samples, focusing on those identified as ecologically hazardous by the Water Framework Directive of India. Utilizing a combination of indices (Enrichment Factor, Pollution Load Index, and Index of geo-accumulation) and statistical techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the investigation aimed to evaluate contamination severity, ecological risks, and pollution sources.

Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

The potential for glacial flour to impact soil fertility, crop yield and nutrition in mountain regions.

Novel sustainable agricultural strategies that enhance soil nutrients and human nutrition are crucial for meeting global food production needs. Here, we evaluate the potential of "glacial flour," a naturally crushed rock produced by glaciers known to be rich in nutrients (P, K, and micronutrients) needed for plant growth. Our proof-of-concept study, investigated soybean ( var.