Intravenous Steroids Do Not Improve Short-Term Outcomes of Patients With Crohn's Disease Presenting With an Acute Small Bowel Obstruction.

Background: Intravenous (IV) steroids are commonly used to treat acute flares of Crohn's disease (CD). However, it is unclear if they are beneficial in the setting of uncomplicated small bowel obstruction (SBO). We sought to examine if IV steroid administration improved short-term outcomes in patients with CD hospitalized for acute, uncomplicated SBO across three New York City hospital systems.

DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies in MS: The DISCOMS extension trial.

Background: In the DISCOMS (DISCOntinuation of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS)) randomized clinical trial, we could not demonstrate that discontinuing MS DMTs in older, stable adults was not inferior to continuing DMTs. Relapses were rare in both groups, and most new disease activity was one to two new brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions unassociated with clinical changes.

Objective/aims: Describe results of the DISCOMS extension study.

"Where There's a Will There's a Way": The Impact of State Variations in the Implementation of Continuous Coverage on Access to Postpartum Care During the Pandemic Emergency.

Objectives: To explore how the Medicaid continuous coverage requirement and unwinding process was implemented in three states with diverse existing policy environments and implications for the implementation of post-emergency 12-month postpartum extensions.

Data Sources: State data on unwinding performance and qualitative in-depth interviews with 48 stakeholders and patient-facing healthcare workers in Texas, New York and New Jersey.

Study Design: State Medicaid stakeholders and patient-facing healthcare workers in each state were interviewed with the goal of gaining insights into: (1) How the continuous coverage requirement was implemented; (2) What effects continuous coverage had on access to care for postpartum mothers; (3) How states are implementing the pandemic unwinding and postpartum extensions.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.

Objective: The long-recognized association of brain injury with increased risk of dementia has undergone significant refinement and more detailed study in recent decades. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a specific neurodegenerative tauopathy related to prior exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI). We aim to contextualize CTE within a historical perspective and among emerging data which highlights the scientific and conceptual evolution of CTE-related research in parallel with the broader field of neurodegenerative disease and dementia.

Experiences of sexual and reproductive health screening and counseling in the clinical setting among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic disease.

Background: Our objective was to describe differences among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with rheumatic disease using teratogens compared to non-users in receipt of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) counseling, teratogenicity knowledge, perceived importance of SRH topics, and preferences around counseling.

Methods: AYAs ages 14-23 years and assigned female at birth were recruited from pediatric rheumatology clinics at a Midwest tertiary care program. Participants completed a one-time online survey assessing SRH.

Equitable artificial intelligence for glaucoma screening with fair identity normalization.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Research indicates a disproportionate impact of glaucoma on racial and ethnic minorities. Existing deep learning models for glaucoma detection might not achieve equitable performance across diverse identity groups.

Hedgehog signaling directs cell differentiation and plays a critical role in tendon enthesis healing.

A high prevalence of rotator cuff tears presents a major clinical challenge. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying enthesis development and healing is needed for developing treatments. We recently identified hedgehog (Hh)-lineage cells critical for enthesis development and repair.

Comparative analysis of bacterial microbiota in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): insights from field and laboratory populations in Colombia.

Comparative studies of the microbiota in whole-body mosquitoes from natural populations and laboratory-reared specimens are scarce, particularly in tropical countries like Colombia, where understanding microbial patterns is critical for effective disease control and vector management. This study examines the bacterial microbiota of Aedes aegypti by comparing field-collected mosquitoes from 3 Colombian regions (Southern Amazon, Central Andean region, and Northern Caribbean coast) with laboratory strains (Rockefeller, Otanche, and Tolima). These regions are highly endemic for dengue and are associated with lineage 1 of Ae.

Real-world evaluation of the accuracy of the Viz.AI automated intracranial hemorrhage volume calculation tool.

Background: Appropriate management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) requires rapid, accurate volume estimation. Viz.AI has developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered ICH calculation tool that may improve existing methods.

Postoperative delirium under general anaesthesia by remimazolam versus propofol: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has similar clinical effects to propofol for sedation in general anaesthesia. However, it remains uncertain whether remimazolam could increase postoperative delirium (POD) compared with propofol.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to compare the incidence of POD between remimazolam and propofol as sedative agents in general anaesthesia.

Exosomes in Facial Plastic Surgery.

Exosomes have emerged as a promising therapeutic frontier in facial plastic surgery. Preclinical studies have demonstrated their ability to modulate wound healing, skin rejuvenation, hair growth, and nerve regeneration. Early clinical evidence suggests potential benefits in enhancing recovery after laser resurfacing, treating acne scars, and promoting hair growth.

Environmental Issues in Global Pediatric Health: Policy Statement.

Pediatricians and pediatric trainees in North America are increasingly involved in caring for children and adolescents in or from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In many LMICs, hazardous environmental exposures-notably outdoor and household air pollution, water pollution, lead, pesticides, and other manufactured chemicals-are highly prevalent and account for twice the proportion of disease and deaths among young children as in North America. Climate change will likely worsen these exposures.

Environmental Issues in Global Pediatric Health: Technical Report.

Pediatricians and pediatric trainees in North America are increasingly involved in caring for children and adolescents in or from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In many LMICs, toxic environmental exposures-notably outdoor and household air pollution, water pollution, lead, hazardous waste disposal, pesticides, and other manufactured chemicals-are highly prevalent and account for twice as great a proportion of disease and deaths among young children as in North America. Climate change will likely worsen these exposures.

Molecular detection of trypanosomatids among cave-dwelling bats from Colombia.

Bats play crucial roles in various ecosystems including caves. Although the presence of trypanosomatid species in bats has been documented in Colombia, their diversity in cave-dwelling bats remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and diversity of protists from the family Trypanosomatidae circulating in bats from the Macaregua cave ecosystem in Santander, Colombia.

The neural activity of auditory conscious perception.

Although recent work has made headway in understanding the neural temporospatial dynamics of conscious perception, much of that work has focused on visual paradigms. To determine whether there are shared mechanisms for perceptual consciousness across sensory modalities, here we test within the auditory domain. Participants completed an auditory threshold task while undergoing intracranial electroencephalography.

Performance of the pooled cohort equations and D:A:D risk scores among individuals with HIV in a global cardiovascular disease prevention trial: a cohort study leveraging data from REPRIEVE.

Background: Risk estimation is an essential component of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV. We aimed to characterise how well atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores used in clinical guidelines perform among people with HIV globally.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study leveraging REPRIEVE data, we included participants aged 40-75 years, with low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular risk, not taking statin therapy.

Efficacy and Safety of BI 1358894 in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Results of a Phase 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Dose-Ranging Trial.

To provide proof-of-concept (PoC), dose-range finding, and safety data for BI 1358894, a TRPC4/5 ion channel inhibitor, in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This was a phase 2, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Patients were randomized to oral placebo or BI 1358894 (5 mg, 25 mg, 75 mg, or 125 mg) once daily in a 2.

Identifying the greatest surgeon-perceived barriers and challenges in performing corneal transplantation in India.

Objective: There is currently no systematic method of assessing limitations in performing corneal transplantation. The purpose of the study was to identify the limitations of performing corneal transplantation in India.

Design: Cross-sectional survey study.

Sympathetic nerve signaling rewires the tumor microenvironment: a shift in "microenvironmental-ity".

Nerve signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Due to their highly responsive behavior and activation upon injury and cancer onset, this review specifically focuses on how sympathetic nerves rewire the TME. Within tumors, sympathetic nerves closely interact with various TME components, and their combined signaling often shifts tumor-intrinsic physiology toward tumor-supportive phenotypes.

An integrated approach for the accurate detection of HERV-K HML-2 transcription and protein synthesis.

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) occupy a large portion of the human genome. Most HERVs are transcriptionally silent, but they can be reactivated during pathological states such as viral infection and certain cancers. The HERV-K HML-2 clade includes elements that recently integrated have in the human germ line and often contain intact open reading frames that possibly support peptide and protein expression.

Ultra-remote robot-assisted right upper lobectomy between the Shanghai and Kashi Prefectures: a case report.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery has been shown to have several advantages over conventional surgery. As mobile communication technology and surgical robotic devices in China continue to progress rapidly, the conditions for performing remote surgery have been optimized. Consequently, informatized and remote advanced medical cooperation is becoming a new direction for supporting the medical development of border regions and promoting the equitable distribution of medical resources in China.

DEAD/DEAH-box RNA helicases shape the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

The DEAD/DEAH-box family of RNA helicases (RHs) is among the most abundant and conserved in eukaryotes. These proteins catalyze the remodeling of RNAs to regulate their splicing, stability, localization, and translation. Rare genetic variants in DEAD/DEAH-box proteins have recently emerged as being associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).