46 results match your criteria: "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS)[Affiliation]"

Background: Positive and negative alcohol expectancies (PAEs and NAEs, respectively) and impulsivity are key risk factors for the onset of alcohol use. While both factors independently contribute to alcohol initiation, the developmental aspects of AEs and their nuanced relationship with impulsivity are not adequately understood. Understanding these relationships is imperative for developing targeted interventions to prevent or delay alcohol use onset in youth.

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Aim: Using the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSAs) framework, the aim of this study was to explore the specific knowledge, skills and attitudes of adaptable nurse educators to help inform the preparation of current and future educators for smooth transitions during periods of change.

Background: External events, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and wildfires can force programs to relocate and suspend classes for several days or weeks. These natural disasters have the potential to have a negative impact on the number of nursing students graduating on time as well as the quality of the clinical education experience and preparation for practice.

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CD23IgG1 memory B cells are poised to switch to pathogenic IgE production in food allergy.

Sci Transl Med

February 2024

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.

Food allergy is caused by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, but little is known about the B cell memory of persistent IgE responses. Here, we describe, in human pediatric peanut allergy, a population of CD23IgG1 memory B cells arising in type 2 immune responses that contain high-affinity peanut-specific clones and generate IgE-producing cells upon activation. The frequency of CD23IgG1 memory B cells correlated with circulating concentrations of IgE in children with peanut allergy.

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Early insulin resistance in normoglycemic low-risk individuals is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Cardiovasc Diabetol

December 2023

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.

Background: Elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with a higher burden of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA). However, the association with SA of earlier insulin resistance markers is poorly understood. The study assessed the association between the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and SA in addition to the effect of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in individuals with normal HbA1c.

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Single same cell RNAseq/ATACseq multiome data provide unparalleled potential to develop high resolution maps of the cell-type specific transcriptional regulatory circuitry underlying gene expression. We present CREMA, a framework that recovers the full cis-regulatory circuitry by modeling gene expression and chromatin activity in individual cells without peak-calling or cell type labeling constraints. We demonstrate that CREMA overcomes the limitations of existing methods that fail to identify about half of functional regulatory elements which are outside the called chromatin 'peaks'.

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Older adults with epilepsy and COVID-19: Outcomes in a multi-hospital health system.

Seizure

January 2024

Department of Neurology, ISMMS, New York, NY, United States; Institute for HealthCare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, ISMMS, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity in older adults, especially those with pre-existing conditions. There is little work investigating how neurological conditions affect older adults with COVID-19. We aimed to compare in-hospital outcomes, including mortality, in older adults with and without epilepsy.

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Endurance exercise is an important health modifier. We studied cell-type specific adaptations of human skeletal muscle to acute endurance exercise using single-nucleus (sn) multiome sequencing in human vastus lateralis samples collected before and 3.5 hours after 40 min exercise at 70% VOmax in four subjects, as well as in matched time of day samples from two supine resting circadian controls.

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During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1-positive (PD-1) exhausted state. Exhausted CD8 T cell responses are maintained by precursors (Tpex) that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) and high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD28. Here, we demonstrate that sustained CD28 costimulation is required for maintenance of antiviral T cells during chronic infection.

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Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with mortality in persons with comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-hospital outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with and without epilepsy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a multicenter health system between March 15, 2020, and May 17, 2021.

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Adverse cardiac remodeling refers to progressive structural and functional modifications in the heart because of increased wall stress in the myocardium, loss of viable myocardium, and neurohormonal stimulation. The guideline-directed medical therapy for Heart failure (HF) includes Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (sacubitril/valsartan), β-blockers, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). ARNI is under-prescribed in India despite its attractive safety and efficacy profile.

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Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment Outcomes in Women With Liver Disease.

Am J Gastroenterol

December 2023

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, ISMMS, New York, New York, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to investigate outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women with chronic liver disease (LD) and how they compare to women without LD, addressing a gap in current literature.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 295 women with LD who underwent a total of 1,033 ART cycles, finding no significant differences in various success metrics like embryo fertilization rates and live birth rates when compared to the control group.
  • This study represents the largest investigation of IVF success in women with LD, concluding that they have similar treatment outcomes to those without liver disease.
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Epicutaneous Immunotherapy with CBir1 Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation.

Inflamm Bowel Dis

May 2023

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute (MCHDI), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY, USA.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease may be due to failed tolerance to normal gut bacteria. We demonstrate that epicutaneous immunotherapy (ET) to ovalbumin can alleviate colitis in murine models. However, most people are tolerant to or have anergy to ovalbumin.

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Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases: The Forgotten Orphans.

J Am Coll Cardiol

January 2023

Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Gurugram, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India; NCD epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

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IgG memory B cells expressing IL4R and FCER2 are associated with atopic diseases.

Allergy

March 2023

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA.

Background: Atopic diseases are characterized by IgE antibody responses that are dependent on cognate CD4 T cell help and T cell-produced IL-4 and IL-13. Current models of IgE cell differentiation point to the role of IgG memory B cells as precursors of pathogenic IgE plasma cells. The goal of this work was to identify intrinsic features of memory B cells that are associated with IgE production in atopic diseases.

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We report the engineering and selection of two synthetic proteins-FSR16m and FSR22-for the possible treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. FSR16m and FSR22 are trimeric proteins composed of DARPin SR16m or SR22 fused with a T4 foldon. Despite selection by a spike protein from a now historical SARS-CoV-2 strain, FSR16m and FSR22 exhibit broad-spectrum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 strains, inhibiting authentic B.

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An MDM2 degrader for treatment of acute leukemias.

Leukemia

February 2023

Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology and Tisch Cancer Institute (TCI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY, USA.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), p53 tumor suppressor activity can be reduced due to enhanced expression of MDM2 which promotes the degradation of p53. In TP53 wild-type malignancies, therapy with small molecule antagonists of MDM2 results in antileukemic activity. Current treatment strategies, however, have been limited by poor tolerability and incomplete clinical activity.

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Exercise, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Athlete's Heart.

J Am Coll Cardiol

September 2022

The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.

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Concomitant profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in isolated nuclei can reveal gene regulatory control mechanisms in health and disease. We report a single nucleus multi-omics analysis protocol optimized for frozen archived postmortem human pituitaries that is also effective for frozen ovine and murine pituitaries and human skeletal muscle biopsies. Its main advantages are that (1) it is not limited to fresh tissue, (2) it avoids tissue dissociation-induced transcriptional changes, and (3) it includes a novel, automated quality control pipeline.

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Despite their importance in tissue homeostasis and renewal, human pituitary stem cells (PSCs) are incompletely characterized. We describe a human single nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq resource from pediatric, adult, and aged postmortem pituitaries (snpituitaryatlas.princeton.

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Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) frequently evolve to a blast phase (BP) that is almost uniformly resistant to induction chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. We explored the functional properties, genomic architecture, and cell of origin of MPN-BP initiating cells (IC) using a serial NSG mouse xenograft transplantation model. Transplantation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from 7 of 18 patients resulted in a high degree of leukemic cell chimerism and recreated clinical characteristics of human MPN-BP.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in November 2021 in South Africa and has quickly spread worldwide, outpacing the Delta variant in many areas.
  • Omicron contains a large number of mutations in its spike protein, leading to increased transmissibility and reduced vaccine effectiveness, especially in convalescent or double-vaccinated individuals.
  • Research shows that while immune responses (like virus-neutralizing activity) are lower against Omicron compared to the original virus, those who have had multiple exposures through vaccination and infection mostly retain some level of immunity.
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TNF-α has a major role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). In contrast, GM-CSF may be beneficial for its anti-inflammatory role in a subset of patients with CD with antibodies against GM-CSF as seen in prior trials of GM-CSF which resulted in clinical improvement in CD. We developed butanol purified Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 (B-FAHF-2) by refining FAHF-2.

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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) because of MAPT mutation causes pathological accumulation of tau and glutamatergic cortical neuronal death by unknown mechanisms. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cerebral organoids expressing tau-V337M and isogenic corrected controls to discover early alterations because of the mutation that precede neurodegeneration. At 2 months, mutant organoids show upregulated expression of MAPT, glutamatergic signaling pathways, and regulators, including the RNA-binding protein ELAVL4, and increased stress granules.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study examines the screening methods for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at a transplant center, focusing on imaging techniques like ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI.
  • A total of 1437 patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B were analyzed, showing that MRI was the most used method for screening (51%), with significant factors influencing the choice of imaging being race/ethnicity, presence of cirrhosis, and referral by a hepatologist.
  • The researchers found that the detection rate of HCC was significantly higher with MRI compared to US (5.9% vs. 1.5%), indicating the potential for improved screening outcomes with MRI despite existing guidelines.
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