SARS-CoV2 Vaccination Adverse Events Trend in Italy: A Retrospective Interpretation of the Last Year (December 2020-September 2021).

At the end of 2020, a vaccination campaign against COVID-19 was launched. In 2021, legal obligations for health workers, as well as specific regulations for all workers, were introduced. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was followed by epochal changes in life, school, and work habits in Italy.

Mapping Biological Risks Related to Necropsy Activities: Old Concerns and Novel Issues for the Safety of Health Professionals.

Nowadays only a few studies on biological and environmental risk among healthcare workers are available in literature. The present study aims to assess the health operator's risk of contact with microorganisms during necropsy activities, to evaluate the efficiency of current protections, to identify possible new sources of contact, and to point out possible preventive measures. In addition, considering the current pandemic scenario, the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the dissection room is assessed.

Clinical Management of Complications Following Filler Injection.

Aim: Dermal fillers have been progressively used for cosmetic procedures. Concurrently, the rates of filler complications have also increased. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical management and treatment we performed in patients with complications occurred after filler injection.

Bleeding varicose veins' ulcer as a cause of death: a case report and review of the current literature.

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and varicose veins (VVs) of the lower limbs are very frequent vascular diseases in Western countri-es. One possible complication of these conditions is skin ulceration and its consequent rupture, which can be spontaneous or due to mild or trivial trauma. In some cases, the resulting hemorrhage is fatal.

Myocardial Pathology in COVID-19-Associated Cardiac Injury: A Systematic Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can potentially affect all organs owing to the ubiquitous diffusion of the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor-binding protein. Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is capable of causing heart disease. This systematic review can offer a new perspective on the potential consequences of COVID-19 through an analysis of the current literature on cardiac involvement.

Atypical antipsychotics and oxidative cardiotoxicity: review of literature and future perspectives to prevent sudden cardiac death.

Oxidative stress is considered the principal mediator of myocardial injury under pathological conditions. It is well known that reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in myocardial injury and repair at the same time and that cellular damage is generally due to an unbalance between generation and elimination of the free radicals due to an inadequate mechanism of antioxidant defense or to an increase in ROS and RNS. Major adverse cardiovascular events are often associated with drugs with associated findings such as fibrosis or inflammation of the myocardium.

Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Injuries: Do We Need a Screening Strategy? Literature Review, Case Report, and Forensic Evaluation.

Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) represents the cause of ictus cerebri in about 20% of all cases of cerebral infarction among the young adult population. ICAD could involve the extracranial and intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). It could be spontaneous (SICAD) or traumatic (TICAD).

Aggressions on Social Networks: What Are the Implications for Healthcare Providers? An Exploratory Research.

Incidents of violence by healthcare users against staff have been considered as sentinel events. New forms of aggression, i.e.

Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) represents a commonly misdiagnosed condition. In fact, there is no pathognomonic sign that allows the diagnosis in children. Therefore, it is such an important medico-legal challenge to evaluate reliable diagnostic tools.

Analysis of Inadequacies in Hospital Care through Medical Liability Litigation.

Over the past two decades, health litigation has followed an exponentially incremental trend. As insurance companies tend to limit their interest because of the high risk of loss, health facilities increasingly need to internalize dispute management. This study was conducted through a retrospective analysis of existing files concerning the civil litigation of the Sant'Andrea Hospital in Rome.

Traumatic brain injury: Estimate of the age of the injury based on neuroinflammation, endothelial activation markers and adhesion molecules.

Studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) are applicable not only in the clinical context, but also in the forensic field. Over time, the literature has accumulated scientific evidence supporting the use of specific histopathological tests in dating traumatic brain injuries. In primary damage, cell death occurs by necrosis/apoptosis.

MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature.

Estimating the time of death remains the most challenging question in forensic medicine, because post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation can be a remarkably difficult goal to achieve. The aim of this review is to analyze the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) to evaluate PMI. MiRNAs have been studied as hallmarks and biomarkers in several pathologies and have also showed interesting applications in forensic science, such as high sensible biomarkers in body fluid and tissue, for wound age determination and PMI evaluation due to their low molecular weight and tissue-specific expression.

MicroRNAs and Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

Sepsis is a severe condition characterized by systemic inflammation. One of the most involved organs in sepsis is the heart. On the other hand, heart failure and dysfunction are some of the most leading causes of death in septic patients.

Post-Traumatic Meningitis Is a Diagnostic Challenging Time: A Systematic Review Focusing on Clinical and Pathological Features.

Post-traumatic meningitis is a dreadful condition that presents additional challenges, in terms of both diagnosis and management, when compared with community-acquired cases. Post-traumatic meningitis refers to a meningeal infection causally related to a cranio-cerebral trauma, regardless of temporal proximity. The PICO (participants, intervention, control, and outcomes) question was as follows: "Is there an association between traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic meningitis?" The present systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards.

Regulation of miRNAs as new tool for cutaneous vitality lesions demonstration in ligature marks in deaths by hanging.

This study aims to demonstrate that the application of miRNA expression in forensic pathology, in cases of hanging, applying the method on skin samples. The proposed investigative protocol allowed us to highlight a different miRNA expression in the skin ligature marks of subjects who died by hanging compared to healthy skin control samples. The results obtained showed an increase in the expression of miRNAs recognized as regulators of the inflammatory response in skin lesions such as miR125a-5p and miR125b-5p.

MicroRNAs: The New Challenge for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis.

The acronym TBI refers to traumatic brain injury, an alteration of brain function, or an evidence of brain pathology, that is caused by an external force. TBI is estimated to become the third leading cause of permanent disability and mortality worldwide. TBI-related injuries can be classified in many ways, according to the degree of severity or the pathophysiology of brain injury (primary and secondary damage).

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) radiological findings and assessment in advanced decomposed bodies.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to report radiological findings and features in advanced decomposed bodies obtained by post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) with autopsy correlation.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective descriptive multicentric study included 41 forensic cases examined between May 2013 and November 2016. All the bodies were PMCT-scanned prior to autopsy, and internal putrefactive state was determined using the radiological alteration index (RAI) by a radiologist with expertise in forensic radiology and a forensic pathologist trained in forensic imaging.

miR-1, miR-499 and miR-208 are sensitive markers to diagnose sudden death due to early acute myocardial infarction.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strongly up-regulated under pathological stress and in a wide range of diseases. In recent years, miRNAs are under investigation for their potential use as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. We investigate whether specific cardio-miRNAs are overexpressed in heart samples from subjects deceased for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or sudden cardiac death (SCD), and whether miRNA could help differentiate between them.

Searching for highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for sepsis: State-of-the-art in post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis through immunohistochemical analysis.

The autoptical observations commonly ascribed to sepsis deal with unspecific general and local signs of inflammation or ischemia, such as myocardial inflammation, pulmonary edema and infiltration, cerebral swallowing, and tubular necrosis in the kidney. In the two last decades, some studies have been carried out to implement immunohistochemical markers for post-mortem diagnosis. All of these target molecules are specifically up-regulated or down-regulated during systemic inflammatory responses, especially for infective causes.