Complete percutaneous repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in adult: a case report.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease and is characterized by an antero-superior deviation of the infundibular septum with a consequent large malaligned ventricular septal defect (VSD) and a pulmonary and sub-pulmonary (infundibular) stenosis. Surgical repair has been the cornerstone of treatment that is electively performed early in their lives between 3 and 6 months of age. With advancements in transcatheter interventions, the complete percutaneous repair of TOF, a complex disease with multiple treatable lesions, is becoming a conceivable possibility.

Comparison of Basal Core Promoter Region Mutation and Precore Mutation among Monoinfected Hepatitis B Virus and Coinfected Hepatitis B Virus with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients.

Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a partially double-stranded circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that replicates through reverse transcription, producing an intermediate ribonucleic acid (RNA). This replication process has a high chance of error, leading to several mutations in the genome. According to several studies conducted worldwide, the classical basal core promoter (BCP) double mutation (A to T at nucleotide 1762 and G to A at nucleotide 1764) in the BCP region and the mutation in the precore (PC) region (G to A at nucleotide 1896) of HBV DNA have a strong correlation with advanced liver disease.

FVIIa-PAR2 SIGNALING FACILITATES IMMUNE ESCAPE BY REDUCING PHAGOCYTIC POTENTIAL OF MACROPHAGES IN BREAST CANCER.

Background: Treatment of breast cancers with immunotherapy has so far achieved limited success. Traditional immunotherapies focusing on cytotoxic T cells have attained modest success, while the approval of phagocytic checkpoint blockers is still pending. Coagulation proteases are crucial elements pertaining to cancer growth and proliferation, but their relevance in altering the immunological topography in tumours remain largely uncharted.

A rare case of complicated typhoid fever presenting with secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Enteric fever is one of the important causes of tropical fever with a prevalence of 11-21 million cases worldwide annually. It encompasses both typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Typhi is the causative organism for typhoid fever, manifesting as an uncomplicated febrile illness to life-threatening sepsis with multiorgan dysfunction.

Pulmonary thromboembolism-a rare presentation for Strongyloides hyperinfection in an immunocompetent patient.

is an intestinal nematode. It is widely distributed in the tropics and sub-tropics of the world. It can cause a wide array of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic autoinfection to a severe form of hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis.

Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with scrub typhus: A case report with a brief review of literature.

Scrub typhus is a very important cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening condition characterised by widespread immune system activation, resulting in tissue damage throughout multiple organ systems. HLH is categorised into primary HLH, arising from intrinsic defects in lymphocytes and macrophages, and secondary HLH, primarily triggered by infections or connective tissue disorders.

Thrombin confers chemotherapeutic resistance by promoting transcriptional induction and post-translational stabilization of pro-survival MCL1 in TNBC.

The association between idiopathic venous thrombosis and occult cancer is widely recognized. However, the comprehensive understanding of how thrombin, generated during the process of thrombosis, possesses the potential to augment the malignant phenotype is still not well understood. The coagulation protease thrombin mediates its effects by cleaving protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), a receptor abundantly expressed on the surface of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Magnitude, Extent, and Burden of Substance-use Disorders in West Bengal: Findings from the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), 2016.

Introduction: Substance-use disorders (SUDs) are a public health problem. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and National Family Health Survey (NFHS) provide evidence of high usage. Hence, the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) WB data were analyzed to estimate the prevalence, pattern, disability burden, and service utilization of SUD.

Antimicrobial stewardship implementation in primary and secondary tier hospitals in India: interim findings from a need assessment study using mixed method design.

Anti-microbial stewardship program (AMSP) is practiced only in tertiary hospitals in India, though, the lower tier hospitals remain the first point of contact in patient care. This study was conducted in lower tier hospitals to calculate antibiotic and multiple antibiotic prescription rate (APR, MPR) for common infections and finding existing strength of health system for optimizing antibiotic prescription. We conducted a cross sectional convergent parallel mix-method study in eight lower tier hospitals of three districts of West Bengal, India.

Expert Opinion on the Role of Sacubitril/Valsartan in the Management of Hypertension in India.

Hypertension, a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), significantly contributes to premature death and morbidity worldwide. Despite stabilization in age-adjusted global prevalence, the absolute number of hypertensive individuals doubled from 2000 to 2010, largely due to increases in low- and middle-income countries. In 2021, only 21% of hypertensive individuals globally had effective blood pressure (BP) control.

Neurometabolic substrate transport across brain barriers in diabetes mellitus: Implications for cognitive function and neurovascular health.

Neurometabolic homeostasis in the brain depends on the coordinated transport of glucose and other essential substrates across brain barriers, primarily the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), persistent hyperglycemia disrupts these processes, leading to neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. This review examines how T2DM alters glucose and neurometabolite transport, emphasizing the role of glucose transporters and the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle in maintaining cerebral energy balance.

Blood-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnostics and Prognostics.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is expected to rise dramatically in incidence due to the global population aging. Traditional diagnostic approaches, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and positron emission tomography, are expensive and invasive, limiting their routine clinical use. Recent advances in blood-based biomarkers, including amyloid-beta, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light, offer promising non-invasive alternatives for early AD detection and disease monitoring.

Scrub Typhus and Bilateral Lateral Rectus Palsy: An Uncommon Manifestation.

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease that typically presents as an acute febrile illness. It is caused by the rickettsial organism , which is prevalent in the Asian region. The clinical manifestations of scrub typhus can vary significantly, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.

Early adoption of innovation in HPV prevention strategies: closing the gap in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the highest prevailing causes of female cancer-related mortality globally. A significant discrepancy in incidence has been noted between high and low-middle-income countries. The origins of CC have been accredited to the human papillomavirus (HPV) with serotypes 16 and 18 being the most prevalent.

Reimagining India's National Telemedicine Service to improve access to care.

India's free-to-use National Telemedicine Service, eSanjeevani, has provided over 276 million consultations and shown promise to reduce systemic inequalities in access to care. However, recent reports of dropping footfall have raised questions about the potential of eSanjeevani to bridge service provision gaps in India. We reveal important problems linked to the design and practice of triage and tele-referral nationally within eSanjeevani, corroborated by the experience of one of the co-authors' practice of Obstetrics and Gynaecology on the platform since 2022.

Dual effects of dulaglutide on glycemic control and knee osteoarthritis pain in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes.

This study aims to evaluate the dual benefits of dulaglutide in improving glycemic control and reducing knee OA pain. Elderly T2DM patients diagnosed with bilateral knee OA on conventional OA treatment for at least 3 months were studied for their glycemic metrics, OA pain scores and NSAID consumption at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Significant improvements in glycemic control were observed, HbA1c decreased from 8.

Assessment of Plasma Cystatin C as a Marker of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stone Disease.

Introduction This study aimed to assess plasma cystatin C (CysC) as a marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). We compared serum levels of CysC, C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatinine before and after ESWL. The study results may have implications for early detection of AKI and prevention of progression to chronic kidney disease.