Apparent diffusion coefficient analysis of solid tissue helps distinguish borderline from invasive malignant adnexal masses rated O-RADS MRI 4.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis of the solid tissue of adnexal masses to optimize tumor characterization and possibly refine the risk stratification of the O-RADS MRI 4 category.

Materials And Methods: The EURAD cohort was retrospectively analyzed to select all patients with an adnexal mass with solid tissue and feasible ADC measurements. Two radiologists independently measured the ADC values of solid tissue, excluding necrotic areas, surrounding structures, and magnetic susceptibility artifacts.

Contour-guided deep learning based deformable image registration for dose monitoring during CBCT-guided radiotherapy of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate deep learning (DL)-based deformable image registration (DIR) for dose accumulation during radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients.

Methods And Materials: Data including 341 CBCTs (209 daily, 132 weekly) and 23 planning CTs from 23 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Anatomical deformation during treatment was estimated using free-form deformation (FFD) method from Elastix and DL-based VoxelMorph approaches.

Multimodal FDG-PET and EEG assessment improves diagnosis and prognostication of disorders of consciousness.

Introduction: Functional brain-imaging techniques have revealed that clinical examination of disorders of consciousness (DoC) can underestimate the conscious level of patients. FDG-PET metabolic index of the best preserved hemisphere (MIBH) has been reported as a promising measure of consciousness but has never been externally validated and compared with other brain-imaging diagnostic procedures such as quantitative EEG.

Methods: FDG-PET, quantitative EEG and cognitive evoked potential using an auditory oddball paradigm were performed in minimally conscious state (MCS) and vegetative state (VS) patient.

Ultrasound shear wave elastography for assessing diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients: a breath-by-breath analysis.

Background: Diaphragm dysfunction is highly prevalent in mechanically ventilated patients. Recent work showed that changes in diaphragm shear modulus (ΔSMdi) assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) are strongly related to changes in Pdi (ΔPdi) in healthy subjects. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between ΔSMdi and ΔPdi in mechanically ventilated patients, and whether ΔSMdi is responsive to change in respiratory load when varying the ventilator settings.

SPARKLING: variable-density k-space filling curves for accelerated T -weighted MRI.

Purpose: To present a new optimition-driven design of optimal k-space trajectories in the context of compressed sensing: Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space sampLING (SPARKLING).

Theory: The SPARKLING algorithm is a versatile method inspired from stippling techniques that automatically generates optimized sampling patterns compatible with MR hardware constraints on maximum gradient amplitude and slew rate. These non-Cartesian sampling curves are designed to comply with key criteria for optimal sampling: a controlled distribution of samples (e.

Disrupted behaviour in grammatical morphology in French speakers with autism spectrum disorders.

Mixed and inconsistent findings have been reported across languages concerning grammatical morphology in speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Some researchers argue for a selective sparing of grammar whereas others claim to have identified grammatical deficits. The present study aimed to investigate this issue in 26 participants with ASD speaking European French who were matched on age, gender and SES to 26 participants with typical development (TD).

Substrate-derived triazolo- and azapeptides as inhibitors of cathepsins K and S.

Cathepsin (Cat) K is a critical bone-resorbing protease and is a relevant target for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone metastasis, while CatS is an attractive target for drugs in autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), emphysema or neuropathic pain.

The effects of cyclic tensile and stress-relaxation tests on porcine skin.

When a living tissue is subjected to cyclic stretching, the stress-strain curves show a shift down with the increase in the number of cycles until stabilization. This phenomenon is referred to in the literature as a preconditioning and is performed to obtain repeatable and predictable measurements. Preconditioning has been routinely performed in skin tissue tests; however, its effects on the mechanical properties of the material such as viscoelastic response, tangent modulus, sensitivity to strain rate, the stress relaxation rate, etc….

Presbyopia compensation: looking for cortical predictors.

Background/aims: New surgical techniques have recently been developed in order to compensate for visual impairment and to improve visual comfort for patients with presbyopia. However, the results are still variable, depending on the correction modality used and/or the patient. The main purpose of this study was to identify predictive electrophysiological markers of postcorrection visual comfort for patients with presbyopia.

Systematic MRI in NF1 children under six years of age for the diagnosis of optic pathway gliomas. Study and outcome of a French cohort.

Background/purpose: Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is the most common central nervous system tumor in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), affecting 15-20% of patients. We reviewed the medical records of children systematically screened by ophthalmologic and MRI examinations to determine the influence of screening on the therapeutic management of children with OPG.

Methods: Data were collected on 306 newly diagnosed cases screened with systematic MRI from January 2001 to July 2007.

A case of Capgras syndrome with one's own reflected image in a mirror.

We report the case of a 78-year-old patient admitted to the hospital for behavioral and psychological disorders consisting in impressions of presence of a stranger located behind the bathroom mirror, who strikingly shared the patient's appearance but was considered a different person, yet. We discuss how this case can be interpreted as an atypical Capgras syndrome for his mirror image and how it suggests an adjustment of the classical dual-route model that sustains face recognition between covert (or affective) and overt neural pathways.

Prenatal exposure to methylphenidate affects the dopamine system and the reactivity to natural reward in adulthood in rats.

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a commonly-used medication for the treatment of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). However, its prescription to adults with ADHD and narcolepsy raises the question of how the brain is impacted by MPH exposure during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to elucidate the long-term neurobiological consequences of prenatal exposure to MPH using a rat model.

Reappraising suppression: subjective and physiological correlates of experiential suppression in healthy adults.

Background: Emotion regulation strategies based on suppressing behavioral expressions of emotion have been considered maladaptive. However, this may not apply to suppressing the emotional experience (experiential suppression). The aim of this study was to define the effect of experiential suppression on subjective and physiological emotional responses.

[Theoretical and practical aspects of cognitive remediation in intellectual disabilities: Relevance of the Cognitive Remediation Therapy program (CRT)].

Introduction: Teenagers and adults with intellectual disabilities are nowadays "over-handicapped", often due to lack of care in self-sufficiency and continued learning, two essential domains for living in a community. Their cognitive limits, particularly on the executive functions, could be an obstacle to their involvement in the daily life activities, through their difficulties to plan, anticipate, shift and maintain information in working memory. These high level mental functions can be taught with the CRT program (Cognitive Remediation Therapy - Wykes and Reader 2005) developed in other pathologies and providing an adaptation regarding the developmental level of the person.

Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia.

Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia may arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations.

Methods: Cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed topographically (scalp potential and scalp current density (SCD) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients with schizophrenia.

Is my voice just a familiar voice? An electrophysiological study.

It is not clear whether self-stimuli are processed by the brain as highly familiar overlearned stimuli or as self-specific stimuli. This study examined the neural processes underlying discrimination of one's own voice (OV) compared with a familiar voice (FV) using electrophysiological methods. Event-related potentials were recorded while healthy subjects (n = 15) listened passively to oddball sequences composed of recordings of the French vowel /a/ pronounced either by the participant her/himself, or by a familiar person or an unknown person.

Back to basic: do children with autism spontaneously look at screen displaying a face or an object?

Eye-tracking studies on exploration of faces and objects in autism provided important knowledge but only in a constraint condition (chin rest, total time looking at screen not reported), without studying potential differences between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls in spontaneous visual attention toward a screen presenting these stimuli. This study used eye tracking to compare spontaneous visual attention to a screen displaying a face or an object between children with autism and controls in a nonconstraint condition and to investigate the relationship with clinical characteristics in autism group. Time exploring screen was measured during passive viewing of static images of faces or objects.

fMRI investigation of visual change detection in adults with autism.

People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may show unusual reactions to unexpected changes that appear in their environment. Although several studies have highlighted atypical auditory change processing in ASD, little is known in this disorder about the brain processes involved in visual automatic change detection. The present fMRI study was designed to localize brain activity elicited by unexpected visual changing stimuli in adults with ASD compared to controls.

Role of orexin in the pathophysiology of depression: potential for pharmacological intervention.

Depression is a devastating mental disorder with an increasing impact throughout the world, whereas the efficacy of currently available pharmacological treatment is still limited. Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that orexins (neuropeptides that are also known as hypocretins) and their receptors are involved in the physiopathology of depression. Indeed, the orexinergic system regulates functions that are disturbed in depressive states such as sleep, reward system, feeding behavior, the stress response and monoaminergic neurotransmission.

Electrophysiological evidence of atypical visual change detection in adults with autism.

Although atypical change detection processes have been highlighted in the auditory modality in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about these processes in the visual modality. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate visual change detection in adults with ASD, taking into account the salience of change, in order to determine whether this ability is affected in this disorder. Thirteen adults with ASD and 13 controls were presented with a passive visual three stimuli oddball paradigm.

Atypical visual change processing in children with autism: an electrophysiological study.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may display atypical behaviors in reaction to unattended changes that occur in all sensory modalities. Atypical automatic auditory change processing has been highlighted in ASD via the analysis of mismatch negativity (MMN). The present study investigated visual deviancy detection in children with ASD in order to determine whether unusual reactions to change operate in other sensory modalities.