Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer and multiple sclerosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 80-85% of lung cancer cases and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Most patients are diagnosed at metastatic stages, where curative treatment is rarely an option and the primary goal is to prolong survival while maintaining quality of life. Since NSCLC is often diagnosed in elderly individuals, comorbidities must also be considered in the treatment planning.

Prognostic value of routine blood biomarkers in 3-year survival of resectable colorectal cancer patients: a prognostic nomogram for clinical practice.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using biomarkers from routine preoperative peripheral blood examinations combined with clinical factors.

Methods: This observational study comprised CRC patients (stages I-III) who underwent curative surgery between January 2011 and December 2019. Study variables included patient demographics, tumour characteristics, and immune/inflammatory markers from preoperative blood tests.

Immunotherapy and PARP inhibitors as first-line treatment in endometrial cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Several first-line therapeutic strategies have been evaluated alongside platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (a/rEC). However, the optimal approach remains unclear.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluate first-line therapeutic strategies in a/rEC involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and PARP inhibitors (PARPi).

Decoding chromosomal instability insights in CRC by integrating omics and patient-derived organoids.

Background: Chromosomal instability (CIN) is involved in about 70% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance. From a clinical perspective, a better knowledge of these tumour's biology will help to guide therapeutic strategies more effectively.

Methods: We used high-density chromosomal microarray analysis to evaluate CIN level of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and their original mCRC tissues.

Proposed Practical Guidelines to Improve Glycaemic Management by Reducing Glycaemic Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: For decades, glycaemic variability (GV) was ignored in clinical practice because its precise assessment was challenging and there were no specific recommendations to reduce it. However, the current widespread use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has changed this situation. Associations between high GV and risk of hypoglycaemia, onset of macro- and microvascular complications and mortality have been described in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Use of HSA female mice as a model for the study of myotonic dystrophy type I.

HSA mice are the most broadly used animal model for studying myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1). However, so far, HSA preclinical studies have often excluded female mice or failed to document the biological sex of the animals. This leaves an unwanted knowledge gap concerning the differential development of DM1 in males and females, particularly considering that the disease has a different clinical presentation in men and women.

Targeting Inflammation and Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: A Focus on Older Adults.

: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a higher prevalence among older adults. Iron deficiency (ID), affecting up to 50% of HF patients, is closely linked to chronic inflammation, exacerbating HF outcomes. This review aims to explore the interplay between inflammation, ID, and HF, focusing on older patients, and to identify therapeutic gaps and emerging treatment strategies.

Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes compromises leukocyte oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS complex content and neutrophil-endothelial interactions.

The mitochondrial electron transport chain becomes overloaded in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which increases ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production and impairs mitochondrial function. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are critical players in the inflammatory process that underlies T2D. Poor glycaemic control in T2D is closely linked to the development of comorbidities.

Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacodynamic study of STING agonist E7766 in advanced solid tumors.

E7766 is a novel stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, capable of potent activation of immune cells and generating strong antitumor response in preclinical murine tumor models. Here we present the safety, efficacy, and biomarker results of the first-in-human phase I/Ib study of intratumoral E7766 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Eligible patients with relapsing/refractory cancers (n=24) were enrolled in dose-escalating cohorts to receive intratumoral injections of E7766 from 75 to 1000 µg.

Autologous or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation as Front-Line Treatment for Adult Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: The PETHEMA Registry Experience.

It is widely accepted that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the sole potentially curative option available for secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). However, clinical factors impacting outcomes after allo-HSCT and the potential role of autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) in real-life series are needed. Previously, the PETHEMA group reported a series of 2310 patients with sAML in the nationwide registry.

Methylation profile scores of environmental exposures and risk of relapse after a first episode of schizophrenia.

Both genetic and environmental factors have been found to play a significant role in psychosis relapse, either independently or through their synergistic interaction. Recently, DNA methylation (DNAm) has been proposed through the calculation of methylation profile scores (MPS). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of MPS as a surrogate marker of the biological impact of early stressful life events (including stressful intrauterine conditions and obstetric complications, childhood adversity and toxic habits), with the risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) relapse.

Assessment of the immunodeficiency scoring index for predicting outcomes after respiratory syncytial virus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. The immunodeficiency scoring index (ISI) has shown predictive value in assessing the risk of progression to lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and mortality in allo-HCT recipients developing RSV infection but requires further validation in external cohorts. This retrospective study examined RSV episodes in adult allo-HCT recipients from December 2013 to June 2023 at 2 Spanish hospitals.

Microbiota Co-Metabolism Alterations Precede Changes in the Host Metabolism in the Early Stages of Diet-Induced MASLD in Wistar Rats.

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects around 30% of the global population. The sexual dimorphism and gut microbiota play an important role in the early development of MASLD. The main objective of this research was to investigate metabolic changes during the early subclinical MASLD progression, for identifying the sequence of events and evaluating the impact of sexual dimorphism and the microbiota on the initial stages of MASLD development.

Medical Nutrition Therapy and Physical Exercise for Acute and Chronic Hyperglycemic Patients with Sarcopenia.

A wide range of factors contribute to the overlap of hyperglycemia-acute or chronic-and sarcopenia, as well as their associated adverse consequences, which can lead to impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality risk. These factors include malnutrition (both overnutrition and undernutrition) and low levels of physical activity. Hyperglycemia and sarcopenia are interconnected through a vicious cycle of events that mutually reinforce and worsen each other.

Seasonal and cyclical variations in short-term postoperative outcomes of colorectal cancer: a time series analysis.

To identify a cyclical pattern in short-term postoperative outcomes after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery across the year. Observational study including all consecutive patients diagnosed with CRC who underwent oncological surgery between January 2012 and December 2023. A time series study was performed to identify a possible cyclic pattern of postoperative complications.

Optimizing therapeutic approaches for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: clinical perspectives on biomarkers and treatment strategies post-CDK4/6 inhibitor progression.

This review offers an expert perspective on biomarkers, CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy, and therapeutic approaches for managing hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC), particularly after CDK4/6 inhibitor progression. Key trials have demonstrated that combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy (ET) significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS), with median durations ranging from 14.8 to 26.

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling in septic and non-septic patients with similar infections: potential use as sepsis biomarkers.

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection, leading to organ failure. Despite its significant global burden, the underlying mechanisms of immune dysfunction in sepsis remain incompletely understood. This study explores the role of DNA methylation in white blood cells in sepsis pathogenesis.

Genetic interaction between oxidative stress and body mass index in a Spanish population.

Oxidative stress may act as a contributing factor in the development of an elevated body mass index (BMI). Oxidative stress has the potential to modulate genetic activity at various levels, including gene transcription and protein function regulation. Nevertheless, the interplay between genetic variants and oxidative stress in relation to BMI remains to be elucidated.

Impact of High-Intensity Interval Exercise With Elastic Bands Versus Continuous Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control in People With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Engaging in physical exercise is recommended to enhance cardiovascular health and manage blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Hypothesis: The impact of high-intensity interval exercise with elastic bands (EB-HIIE) versus continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CONT) on glycemic control is different in men with T1D.

Study Design: Crossover study design.

Morphometric and histological changes in cardiac nodes after acute spontaneous myocardial infarction in humans and pigs.

Background And Aim: The sinoatrial node is responsible for the intrinsic electrical activation that in mammals leads to coordinated rhythmic contractions of the heart, from where it is distributed through the atrial tissue to the atrioventricular node. This study aimed to conduct a histological and morphometric study of the components and cells in cardiac nodes altered by myocardial infarction (MI) and compare them with normal tissues in humans and pigs.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 10 human hearts and 10 pig hearts that died from MI and compared them with 10 healthy control hearts from each species.

Gait physiotherapy with motor imagery in people with Parkinson's disease: a protocol for randomized control GAITimagery trial.

Introduction: According to people with Parkinson's disease (PD), gait impairments are the most disabling motor symptoms of PD. Recently, motor imagery (MI) has gained notoriety as a gait training technique due to the flexibility of its use, however, it has not been demonstrated that causes a superior effect when included in physiotherapy. This study aims to determine if gait training combined with MI has a greater effect on the gait of people with PD than just gait training.

Enrichment of RedoxifibromiR miR-21-5p in Plasma Exosomes of Hypertensive Patients with Renal Injury.

Several microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as powerful regulators of fibrotic processes, "fibromiRs", and can also influence the expression of genes responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species, "redoximiRs". We aimed to investigate whether plasma exosomes from hypertensive and diabetes patients are enriched in fibromiRs and redoximiRs using deep sequencing technology and their association with relevant signalling pathways implicated in oxidative stress and fibrogenesis by GO terms and KEGG pathways. RNA-Seq analysis from P-EXO identified 31 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in patients compared to controls, of which 77% are biofluid specific.

The Interactive Effects of Fruit Intake Frequency and Serum miR-484 Levels as Biomarkers for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort of the Spanish Adult Population: The Di@bet.es Study.

: Although evidence suggests that miR-484 and several fruit components are involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance metabolic pathways, the relationship between serum miR-484 levels and fruit consumption in relation to the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between serum miR-484 levels and fruit intake frequency with the risk of T2DM in the Spanish adult population. : 2234 subjects from the Di@bet.