Clinical Characteristics and Mortality-Associated Factors in Trauma Patients Undergoing Permanent Versus Temporary Tracheostomy.

This study evaluated the characteristics, outcomes, and mortality-associated factors in patients who underwent tracheostomy after traumatic injury to optimize clinical decision-making and patient care in critical trauma settings. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) records from 2013 to 2016. This study included 41,630 adult trauma patients who underwent tracheostomy procedures.

Acceptability of Overground Wearable Powered Exoskeletons for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Qualitative Study.

Exoskeletons are used in rehabilitation centers for people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) due to the potential benefits they offer for locomotor rehabilitation. The acceptability of exoskeletons is crucial to promote rehabilitation and to ensure a successful implementation of this technology. The objective was to explore the acceptability of overground wearable powered exoskeleton used in rehabilitation among people with SCI.

Design of a Wearable Exoskeleton Piano Practice Aid Based on Multi-Domain Mapping and Top-Down Process Model.

This study designs and develops a wearable exoskeleton piano assistance system for individuals recovering from neurological injuries, aiming to help users regain the ability to perform complex tasks such as playing the piano. While soft robotic exoskeletons have proven effective in rehabilitation therapy and daily activity assistance, challenges remain in performing highly dexterous tasks due to structural complexity and insufficient motion accuracy. To address these issues, we developed a modular division method based on multi-domain mapping and a top-down process model.

Conceptual Knowledge of Oral Health Among Primary School Teachers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia-A Cross Sectional Survey.

: School teachers need to have a better understanding of oral health aspects as schools serve as an effective environment for learning. Educators hold a significant position in conveying the importance they attribute to oral health in their lives. According to the World Health Organization, school teachers should include oral health promotion activities to evaluate students' oral health, track injuries, illnesses, and absenteeism related to oral health, advocate oral health prevention, and serve as role models.

Traumatic Brain Injury Promotes Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in Subcortical Brain Regions of Mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of severe neurological disorders and long-term dysfunction in the nervous system. Besides inducing neurodegeneration, TBI alters stem cell activity and neurogenesis within primary neurogenic niches. However, the fate of dividing cells in other brain regions remains unclear despite offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Modulation of Second Messenger Signaling in the Brain Through PDE4 and PDE5 Inhibition: Therapeutic Implications for Neurological Disorders.

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes regulate intracellular signaling pathways crucial for brain development and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Among the 11 PDE subtypes, PDE4 and PDE5 are particularly significant due to their regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, respectively, which are vital for learning, memory, and neuroprotection. This review synthesizes current evidence on the roles of PDE4 and PDE5 in neurological health and disease, focusing on their regulation of second messenger pathways and their implications for brain function.

Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries.

Despite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite extensive research efforts. This review integrates clinical and preclinical evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychological disorders, focusing on the role of key brain regions in emotional regulation across various forms of brain injuries.

Modulation of Stemness and Differentiation Regulators by Valproic Acid in Medulloblastoma Neurospheres.

Changes in epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation are proposed as key events influencing cancer cell function and the initiation and progression of pediatric brain tumors. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug that acts partially by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and could be repurposed as an epigenetic anticancer therapy. Here, we show that VPA reduced medulloblastoma (MB) cell viability and led to cell cycle arrest.

A Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of a Sample of Albanian Medical Students in Relation to Occupational Exposure to Biological Agents.

(1) Background: Exposure to blood carries the risk of transmission of many infectious diseases. Healthcare workers (HCWs), including hospital-based medical students, face high and often under-reported rates of exposure to needlestick and sharps injuries. Previous studies have shown that students' knowledge of infection control varies, highlighting the importance of pre-placement training.

Advanced Glycation End-Product-Modified Heat Shock Protein 90 May Be Associated with Urinary Stones.

Urinary stones (urolithiasis) have been categorized as kidney stones (renal calculus), ureteric stones (ureteral calculus and ureterolith), bladder stones (bladder calculus), and urethral stones (urethral calculus); however, the mechanisms underlying their promotion and related injuries in glomerular and tubular cells remain unclear. Although lifestyle-related diseases (LSRDs) such as hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetic mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular disease are risk factors for urolithiasis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) on the membrane of HK-2 human proximal tubular epithelium cells has been associated with the adhesion of urinary stones and cytotoxicity.

Experimental Biomechanics of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injuries Using a Piglet Model.

Background: A brachial plexus avulsion occurs when the nerve root separates from the spinal cord during birthing trauma, such as shoulder dystocia or a difficult vaginal delivery. A complete paralysis of the affected levels occurs post-brachial plexus avulsion. Despite being reported in 10-20% of brachial plexus birthing injuries, it remains poorly diagnosed during the acute stages of injury, leading to poor intervention approaches.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Mechanical Response to Load in the Setting of Changes to the Medial Meniscus.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a major ligament in the knee joint, and its function is crucial for both the movement and stability of the knee. Our research takes a novel approach by investigating the effect of meniscus tears on the ACL, how such tears will impact the stress on the ACL, and its overall compensation in response to the changes in the meniscus. : This study aims to investigate how the ACL compensates for the change in knee joint stability and contact pressures due to partial horizontal cleavage tears (HCTs) in the meniscus, such as partial meniscectomy and partial transplantation on knee joint stability and contact pressures.

Bosworth fracture: Pathoanatomy, Complications, and Medium-term Results of Treatment.

Background: Bosworth fractures (BFs) with entrapment of a fibular fragment behind the posterior malleolus (PM) are rare but potentially serious injuries to the ankle. Despite an increased awareness through a more regular use of computed tomography (CT) scanning, there is still a scarcity of clinical outcome studies.

Methods: Over a course of 25 years, data on 23 patients treated for BF at our institutions (mean age 44 years) were collected prospectively.

Distal tibial fractures fixation using retrograde tibial intramedullary nail in high-risk patients: a retrospective study.

Distal tibial fractures are common lower-limb injuries and are generally associated with a high risk of postoperative complications, especially in patients with multiple medical comorbidities. This study sought to ascertain the efficacy of retrograde intramedullary tibial nails (RTN) for treating extra-articular distal tibial fractures in high-risk patients. Between January 2019 and December 2021, 13 patients considered at high risk for postoperative complications underwent RTN fixation.

The fate of unrepaired stable ramp lesions: a systematic review.

This study was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched in October 2023 for studies reporting outcomes of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and stable medial meniscal ramp lesion treatment. Studies focused on diagnostic approaches, biomechanical properties, unstable ramp lesions, isolated ramp lesions, and concomitant intraarticular/extraarticular pathologies other than ACL rupture are excluded.

Management of hypertrophic femoral diaphyseal nonunion due to sclerotic bone formation (corticalization) at the intramedullary nail tip after dynamization.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of the "cortex sign" (corticalization) in femoral diaphysis fractures determined by the dynamization of nails because of delayed union. The study included 12 patients with a closed transverse femoral fracture (AO 32a3) treated with dynamization (all the screws distal of the nail were removed) because of delayed healing and followed up for at least 2 years. These patients were evaluated for the presence of bone union, cortex-like sclerosis (corticalization) distal to the nail, and the distance of the corticalization from the joint during follow- up after dynamization.

Improved outcomes with surgical management of clavicular fractures? A retrospective study of matched pairs comparing conservative and surgical approach.

Clavicle fractures represent one of the most frequent type of fractures. However, there is no consensus on the treatment of these fractures and their relative indications for surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether surgical treatment of mid-diaphyseal clavicular fractures indeed results in fewer complications and better radiological outcomes, as current trends suggest, in comparison to conservative treatment.

Vancomycin soaking of ACL reconstructions does not alter the mechanical strength.

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using hamstring autograft presents a greater risk of surgical site infection than other transplants (0.5% to 1.5%).

Subtrochanteric Fractures of The Femur: May a Short Nail Be a Reliable Option?

Objectives: Treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur may be challenging due to their anatomical and biomechanical features. Intramedullary nails are the most frequently used devices, although there is no consensus concerning their optimal length. The aim of this study is to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of the fragility subtrochanteric fractures treated with short versus long cephalomedullary nails.

Arthroscopic-Assisted Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction of the Knee: Novel Technique, Classification, Surgical Algorithm, and Midterm Results.

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce a new arthroscopic method for reconstructing the popliteus tendon (PT). This minimally invasive technique is performed through the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, which can reconstruct the posterolateral rotary instability (PLRI) of the knee.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients (8 females, 31 males) with PLC injury and normal knee alignment underwent arthroscopic PT reconstruction.

Blood leukocyte-based clusters in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Leukocytes play an important role in inflammatory response after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We designed this study to identify TBI phenotypes by clustering blood levels of various leukocytes.

Methods: TBI patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) database were included.

Spatial distribution-based progression of spinal cord injury pathology: a key role for neuroimmune cells.

An external trauma, illness, or other pathological cause can harm the structure and function of the spinal cord, resulting in a significant neurological disorder known as spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition to impairing movement and sensory functions, spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers complex pathophysiological responses, with the spatial dynamics of immune cells playing a key role. The inflammatory response and subsequent healing processes following SCI are profoundly influenced by the spatial distribution and movement of immune cells.

Preliminary study on the correlation between thyroid magnetic resonance parameters and radiation dose after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common sequela after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence in thyroid imaging, leveraging its non-ionizing radiation, high spatial resolution, multiparameter and multidirectional imaging. Few previous studies have investigated the evaluation of radiation-induced thyroid injury by MRI.

Associations between injury occurrence and environmental temperatures in the Australian and German professional football leagues.

A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate associations between environmental temperatures and injury occurrence in two professional male football (soccer) leagues. Data from seven seasons of the German Bundesliga (2142 matches) and four seasons of the Australian A-League (470 matches) were included. Injuries were collated via media reports for the Bundesliga and via team staff reports in the A-League and comprised injury incidence, mechanisms (contact, noncontact), locations (e.