Associations between bone material strength index and FRAX scores.

Introduction: Impact microindentation (IMI) measures bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, its ability to predict fractures is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between BMSi and 10 year fracture probability, as calculated by the FRAX algorithm.

Body Composition and Incident High-Intensity Back Pain and/or High Disability: A 10-Year Prospective Population-Based Male Cohort.

Background: Back pain poses a significant global burden, within which individuals with more severe symptoms consume higher healthcare expenses than those with lesser back pain. Whether measures of body composition predict high-intensity back pain and/or high-disability in population-based cohorts is unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between body composition at baseline and their change in the prior 5 years (between 2001-2005 and 2006-2010) and incident high-intensity back pain and/or high-disability in long-term follow-up, 10 years later (2016-2021) in a population-based cohort of men.

Hip structure and incident fracture: a time-updating survival analysis over 20 years of data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Unlabelled: Hip structural analysis parameters are associated with risk of fracture in women across a long follow-up period, with buckling ratio persisting independent of total hip BMD.

Purpose: Hip structural analysis (HSA) uses dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hip scans to calculate geometries of narrow neck (NN), intertrochanter (IT), and shaft (S), which may complement bone mineral density (BMD) for assessing fracture risk. We aimed to determine whether HSA parameters were associated with fracture.

Design and reporting of prebiotic and probiotic clinical trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome.

Diet is a major determinant of the gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function, yet our understanding of how it impacts the efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics is limited. Here we examine current evidence of dietary influence on prebiotic and probiotic efficacy in human studies, including potential mechanisms. We propose that habitual diet be included as a variable in prebiotic and probiotic intervention studies.

A pre-post trial to examine biological mechanisms of the effects of time-restricted eating on symptoms and quality of life in bipolar disorder.

Background: The primary objective of this trial is to examine the mechanisms of time-restricted eating (TRE) as an adjunct to psychiatric care for people with bipolar disorder (BD) with sleep or circadian disruptions. This study builds on prior studies of circadian disruption in BD as well as growing evidence that TRE improves circadian functioning.

Methods: One-hundred fifty participants diagnosed with BD 1 or II will be recruited via advertising in the local community.

Long-term disability trajectories in multiple sclerosis: a group-based trajectory analysis of the AusLong cohort.

Background: Previous natural history studies highlighted a consistent heterogeneity of disability trajectories among individuals with primary or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, evidence on disability progression in relapsing onset MS is scarce.The aim of this study was to investigate heterogeneity in disability accumulation over 10 years following a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD) and identify genetic, demographic, environmental and clinical factors associated with these trajectories.

Dietary Intakes of Copper and Selenium in Association with Bone Mineral Density.

The important trace elements, copper and selenium, have diverse effects on human health. As well as other important roles in living tissues, these trace elements are toxic at high levels but are key constituents of various enzymes and proteins essential for maintaining physiological health. However, links between dietary intakes of these elements, particularly copper, and bone mineral density (BMD) in humans remain uncertain.

Multimorbidity among the Indigenous population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Multimorbidity, the concurrent presence of multiple chronic health conditions in an individual, represents a mounting public health challenge. Chronic illnesses are prevalent in the Indigenous populations, which contributes to multimorbidity. However, the epidemiology of multimorbidity in this population is not well studied.

Dose-dependent effect of megestrol acetate supplementation in cancer patients with anorexia-cachexia syndrome: A meta-analysis.

There is inconsistent evidence relating to the effects of megestrol acetate (MA) supplementation on cancer patients suffering from anorexia-cachexia syndrome. This review aimed to examine the dose-response effect of MA supplementation in patients with cancer-associated anorexia/cachexia. Relevant keywords were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science from inception to June 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of MA on pathologies in patients with cancer-associated cachexia.

Bone mineral density is not associated with incident high-intensity back pain: a 10-year cohort study in men.

Although patients believe that osteoporosis is a painful condition, health professionals assume it is painless unless a fracture occurs. The association between BMD and back pain has not been examined longitudinally in community-based adults in an unbiased population using gold-standard measures. This study aimed to examine the association between BMD and incident high-intensity back pain and/or high disability over 10 years in Australian men without high-intensity symptoms at baseline.

People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Prefer Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Fatigue Management: A Conjoint Analysis.

Background: Psychological interventions are a promising area for fatigue management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, most interventions trialled to date have been pilots with limited direct input from patients about the type of intervention they want. Thus, this study aimed to explore patient preferences for a psychological IBD fatigue intervention.

Long-Term Implications of Socioeconomic Status on Major Adverse Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE), and All-Cause Mortality.

Background: Socio-economic status (SES) has a large impact on health through a complex interplay of upstream, midstream and downstream factors. However, little is known about the predictive role of SES on long-term major adverse cardiovascular, cerebrovascular events, and mortality (MACCE).

Aim: To determine the long-term relationship between SES and MACCE for men and women.

Psychiatric symptoms, associated pharmacological treatments and cognitive function: A population-based study of men.

Background: Psychiatric symptomatology and medications used in their treatment may be modifiable risk factors associated with cognitive function, although findings from population-based studies spanning the full adult age range are lacking. This study aimed to investigate associations between psychiatric symptomatology, psychotropic medication use and cognitive function in a population-based sample of men.

Methods: Data for 537 men were drawn from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Athlete Mental Health and Wellbeing During the Transition into Elite Sport: Strategies to Prepare the System.

The transition into elite-level sport can expose young athletes to risk factors for mental ill-health, including increased performance expectations, stressors associated with becoming increasingly public figures, and changes in lifestyle demands, such as diet, training loads and sleep. Successful integration into elite-level sport requires athletes to quickly adapt to these newfound challenges and the norms and culture of the new sport setting, while developing relationships with teammates, coaches, and support staff. Despite these demands, the mental health experiences of athletes transitioning into elite-level sport have been largely neglected in sport psychology literature.

Understanding and Improving Athlete Mental Health: A Social Identity Approach.

Understanding and positively influencing athlete mental health have become key goals for researchers and sporting stakeholders (e.g. coaches, support staff, clubs and governing bodies).

The practicality of using bone impact microindentation in a population-based study of women: A Geelong-Osteoporosis Study.

Impact microindentation (IMI) is a minimally invasive technique that allows the assessment of bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo, by measuring the depth of a micron-sized, spherical tip into cortical bone that is then indexed to the depth of the tip into a reference material. In this study, we aimed to assess the practicality of its application in 99 women aged 42-84 yr from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Impact microindentation was performed in the mid-shaft of the right tibia using the OsteoProbe.

A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Prebiotic Supplementation in Children with Autism: Effects on Parental Quality of Life, Child Behaviour, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and the Microbiome.

Purpose: Modifying gut bacteria in children with autism may influence behaviour, with potential to improve family functioning. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of prebiotics on behaviour, gastrointestinal symptoms and downstream effects on parental quality of life.

Method: Children with autism (4-10yrs) were randomised to 2.

Quality of life in south-eastern Australia: normative values for the WHOQOL-BREF in a population-based sample of adults.

Objectives: The abbreviated World Health Organisation Quality of Life tool (WHOQOL-BREF) is a short-form quality of life (QoL) assessment commonly used worldwide in both healthy and ill populations. Normative data for the Australian general population are limited. The objective of this study was to present normative data for the WHOQOL-BREF based on a general population sample.

Femora of women with premature ovarian insufficiency exhibit reduced strength and misalignment with the transmitted vertical forces from the upper body.

Background: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) lack oestrogen, which is a key determinant of bone growth, epiphyseal closure, and bone tissue organisation. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived areal bone mineral density (BMD) remains the gold standard for fracture risk evaluation, it does not fully characterise the skeletal abnormalities present in these women. Hence, we aimed to assess hip/femur anatomy, strength, and geometry and femoral alignment using advanced hip analysis (AHA).