The Potential of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Treating Spinal Cord Injury.

Purpose Of The Review: In the United States, spinal cord injuries affect approximately 18,000 individuals annually, most commonly resulting from mechanical trauma. The consequent paraplegia severely impairs motor functions, creating an urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies that extend beyond traditional rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy. This review assesses the effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in improving motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries, with a particular focus on paraplegia.

Accuracy and variability in clinical predictions of speech recognition outcomes for cochlear implant users.

Objectives: An improvement in speech perception is a major well-documented benefit of cochlear implantation (CI), which is commonly discussed with CI candidates to set expectations. However, a large variability exists in speech perception outcomes. We evaluated the accuracy of clinical predictions of post-CI speech perception scores.

coordinates the IL-10 inducing activity of .

Unlabelled: The intestine is home to a complex immune system that is engaged in mutualistic interactions with the microbiome that maintain intestinal homeostasis. A variety of immune-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been uncovered and shown to be critical for maintaining these beneficial immune-microbiome relationships. Notably, the gut microbiome actively invokes the induction of anti-inflammatory pathways that limit the development of microbiome-targeted inflammatory immune responses.

A Food Pantry Nutrition Education Program RCT: Food Choices and Diet-Quality.

Purpose: Food pantries have provided nutrition education to promote healthy food choices with mixed outcomes. This study assessed the impact of Guided Stars food quality rating system to promote healthy food choices among food pantry clients.

Design: Randomized parallel-group study with balanced randomization.

Transcriptomic profiling of dorsal root ganglia in atopic and healthy dogs: A comparative RNA sequencing study with implications in cutaneous itch research.

Background: Itch is a common clinical sign in skin disorders. While the neural pathways of itch transmission from the skin to the brain are well understood in rodents, the same pathways in dogs remain unclear. The knowledge gap hinders the development of effective treatments for canine itch-related disorders.

Congeneric Rodents Differ in Immune Gene Expression: Implications for Host Competence for Tick-Borne Pathogens.

Mice in the genus Peromyscus are abundant and geographically widespread in North America, serving as reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme disease, transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks. While the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus (P.

Distinct single cell transcriptional profile in CD4+ T-lymphocytes among obese children with asthma.

Obesity is a risk factor for asthma morbidity, associated with less responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids. CD4+ T-cells are central to the immunology of asthma and may contribute to the unique obese asthma phenotype. We sought to characterize the single cell CD4+ Transcriptional profile differences in obese children with asthma compared to normal weight children with asthma.

Circulating tumor DNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-current status and future prospects.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck. Stagnating survival rates in recent decades, despite advances in the treatment paradigms, surveillance technologies, and multidisciplinary care, leave clinicians with a need for better options for screening, risk-stratifying, and monitoring patients. A growing proportion of patients with HPV-associated SCC have improved outcomes but continue to have a heterogenous response to treatment.

Absence of mating behaviors in the female dogs neonatally treated with estrogen and progesterone.

This study aimed to develop a non-surgical method to neutralize reproduction in female dogs. Female Beagle puppies, aged 6 days, were treated with pellets designed to release estradiol benzoate (EB; 1.0 mg) and progesterone (P4; 5.

Serum Vitamin D Level Correlates Significantly With Leptin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Overweight Postmenopausal Women With Hypertension.

Background: Association of serum vitamin D (vitD) with leptin (Lep) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is not precisely known in overweight hypertensive (OW-HT) postmenopausal (PMP) women. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the body mass index (BMI)-based correlation of serum vitD with Lep and TNF-α in OW-HT PMP women.

Methods: Women subjects in their early PMP (n = 346, age: 51 - 60 years) categorized into three groups had main inclusion criteria of specified range of age, BMI and blood pressure (BP).

Multiwavelength constraints on the origin of a nearby repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster.

The precise origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remain unknown. Multiwavelength observations of nearby FRB sources can provide important insights into the enigmatic FRB phenomenon. Here we present results from a sensitive, broadband X-ray and radio observational campaign of FRB 20200120E, the closest known extragalactic repeating FRB source (located 3.

Patient-specific mini-open subpectoral long head of the biceps tenodesis with anatomic tensioning: A surgical technique.

Long head of the biceps tendon pathology is a well-described proximal shoulder pain generator. While optimal treatment strategy remains controversial, popular operative management includes biceps tenodesis. However, appropriate restoration of the anatomic length-tension relationship of the biceps with tenodesis remains a challenge.

Clusterin induced by OPC phagocytosis blocks IL-9 secretion to inhibit myelination in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Variants in the gene have been identified as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and are linked to decreased white matter integrity in healthy adults. However, the specific role for clusterin in myelin maintenance in the context of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear.

Methods: We employed a combination of immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques, primary culture of OPCs, and an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.

SARS-COV-2 re-infection and incidence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among essential workers in New York: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: After surviving Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), some people develop symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). PASC is an emerging phenomenon yet to be fully understood, and identifying risk factors has been challenging. This study investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 episodes and the incidence of PASC among essential workers.

CompLex: Legal systems through the lens of complexity science.

While "complexity science" has achieved significant successes in several interdisciplinary fields such as economics and biology, it is only a very recent observation that legal systems -from the way legal texts are drafted and connected to the rest of the corpus, up to the level of how judges and courts reach decisions under a variety of conflicting inputs- share several features with standard Complex Adaptive Systems. This review is meant as a gentle introduction to the use of quantitative tools and techniques of complexity science to describe, analyse, and tame the complex web of human interactions that the Law is supposed to regulate. We offer an overview of the main directions of research undertaken so far as well as an outlook for future research, and we argue that statistical physicists and complexity scientists should not ignore the opportunities offered by the cross-fertilisation between legal scholarship and complex-systems modelling.

Fabrication of a micropatterned shape-memory polymer patch with L-DOPA for tendon regeneration.

A scaffold design for tendon regeneration has been proposed, which mimics the microstructural features of tendons and provides appropriate mechanical properties. We synthesized a temperature-triggered shape-memory polymer (SMP) using the ring-opening polymerization of polycaprolactone (PCL) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a macroinitiator. We fabricated a micropatterned patch using SMP capillary force lithography, which mimicked a native tendon, for providing physical cues and guiding effects.

One- and two-particle microrheology of soft materials based on optical-flow image analysis.

Particle-tracking microrheology probes the rheology of soft materials by accurately tracking an ensemble of embedded colloidal tracer particles. One-particle analysis, which focuses on the trajectory of individual tracers is ideal for homogeneous materials that do not interact with the particles. By contrast, the characterization of heterogeneous, micro-structured materials or those where particles interact directly with the medium requires a two-particle analysis that characterizes correlations between the trajectories of distinct particle pairs.

Benchmarking antimicrobial use to antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study of two hospitals using current National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) metrics.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether benchmarking antimicrobial use (AU) to antimicrobial resistance (AR) using select AU/AR ratios is more informative than AU metrics in isolation.

Design: We retrospectively measured AU (antimicrobial therapy days per 1,000 days present) and AU/AR ratios (specific antimicrobial therapy days per corresponding AR event) in two hospitals during 2020 through 2022. We then had antimicrobial stewardship committee members evaluate each AU and corresponding AU/AR value and indicate whether they believed it represented potential overuse, appropriate use, or potential underuse of the antimicrobials, or whether they could not provide an assessment.

Using a novel Reliable Letter-Number Span from the Wechsler Letter-Number Sequencing as an embedded validity indicator in baseline concussion testing for youth athletes.

Few performance validity tests exist for youth undergoing baseline testing for the management of sport-related concussion. This study provides an initial validation of a reliable span calculation from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) subtest as a performance validity indicator for youth baseline testing (Reliable Letter-Number Span; RLNS). Youth athletes ( = 173) underwent baseline concussion testing for the management of sport-related concussion.

Learning Curve for Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair With da Vinci Single-Port Robotic System.

Background: Transabdominal pre-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair using the da Vinci Single-Port robot (SP-TAPP) is currently performed in few centers. We aimed to define the learning curve for SP-TAPP by analyzing operative times.

Methods: The operative times of 122 SP-TAPP performed between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.

Modeling the response to interleukin-21 to inform natural killer cell immunotherapy.

Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging agents for cancer therapy. Several different cytokines are used to generate NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 in solution, and membrane-bound IL-21. These cytokines drive NK cell activation through the integration of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which overlap and synergize, making it challenging to predict optimal cytokine combinations for both proliferation and cytotoxicity.

Single-cell transcriptomics identify a novel macrophage population associated with bone invasion in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Bone-invasive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (BI PitNETs) epitomize an aggressive subtype of pituitary tumors characterized by bone invasion, culminating in extensive skull base bone destruction and fragmentation. This infiltration poses a significant surgical risk due to potential damage to vital nerves and arteries. However, the mechanisms underlying bone invasion caused by PitNETs remain elusive, and effective interventions for PitNET-induced bone invasion are lacking in clinical practice.

Cardio-renal effect of dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin- saxagliptin combination on CD34 + ve hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and podocyte specific markers in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects: a randomized trial.

Introduction: Effects of Dapagliflozin (Dapa) and Dapagliflozin-Saxagliptin combination (Combo) was examined on peripheral blood derived CD34 + Hematopoetic Stem Cells (HSCs) as a cellular CVD biomarker. Both Dapa (a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 or SGLT2, receptor inhibitor) and Saxagliptin (a Di-peptydl-peptidase-4 or DPP4 enzyme inhibitor) are commonly used type 2 diabetes mellitus or T2DM medications, however the benefit of using the combination has not been evaluated for cardio-renal risk assessment, in a real-life practice setting, compared to a placebo.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that Dapa will improve the outcomes when compared to placebo and the Combo maybe even more beneficial.