The gut microbiota predicts and time-restricted feeding delays experimental colitis.

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, treatment options unsatisfactory and disease development difficult to predict for individual patients. Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and disruption of the biological clock have been implicated and studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we examine the relationship of IBD to biological clock and gut microbiota by using the IL-10 deficient () mouse model for microbiota-dependent spontaneous colitis in combination with altered (4 h/4 h) light/dark cycles to disrupt and time-restricted feeding (TRF) to restore circadian rhythmicity.

Chemoprotective Potential of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Against 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer: Modulation of NF-κB and Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase Pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health challenge, with approximately 1.8 million new cases diagnosed annually and a mortality toll exceeding 881,000 lives each year. This study aimed to evaluate the chemoprotective efficacy of Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) in a rat model of CRC induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH).

Protective effect of low-dose lactulose in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis model of rats.

Although low-dose lactulose has shown a good theoretical foundation for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in previous studies, the exact effects and mechanism remain unclear. The rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups, i.e.

Fitness costs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin is compensated by rapid Th2 polarization mediated by early and high IL-4 production during mice infection.

It was a general belief that drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was associated with lesser virulence, particularly rifampicin resistance, which is usually produced by mutations in the RNA polymerase Beta subunit (RpoB). Interestingly, this kind of bacterial mutations affect gene transcription with significant effects on bacterial physiology and metabolism, affecting also the bacterial antigenic constitution that in consequence can produce diverse immune responses and disease outcome. In the present study, we show the results of the Mtb clinical isolate A96, which is resistant to rifampicin and when used to infect BALB/c mice showed hypervirulence, apparently by rapidly polarization of the Th2 immune response through early and high production of IL-4.

Dynamically induced spatial segregation in multispecies bacterial bioconvection.

Active matter, from motile bacteria to animals, can exhibit striking collective and coherent behavior. Despite significant advances in understanding the behavior of homogeneous systems, little is known about the self-organization and dynamics of heterogeneous active matter, such as complex and diverse bacterial communities. Under oxygen gradients, many bacterial species swim towards air-liquid interfaces in auto-organized, directional bioconvective flows, whose spatial scales exceed the cell size by orders of magnitude.

Lentinan's effect on gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in 5-FU-induced mucositis mice.

Chemotherapeutic therapies for cancer are frequently associated with cytotoxic side effects that can be harmful to human health, including the development of intestinal mucositis (IM). It mostly affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing ulceration, inflammation, and the formation of lesions in the colon. Surprisingly, despite the frequency of IM, therapeutic choices remain restricted.

Commentary on: "Text-to-Video Models and Sora in Plastic Surgery: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Prospectives".

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.

Association between serum levels of 12 different cytokines and short-term efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis, with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) being a key treatment method. This study focused on circulating cytokines as potential predictors of treatment response and prognosis in patients with ESCC.

Materials And Methods: Serum samples were collected from 36 ESCC patients, and 12 different cytokines were quantified using a multiplex immunofluorescence assay.

Lutetium-177 labeled iPD-L1 as a novel immunomodulator for cancer-targeted radiotherapy.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy is a relatively new approach to cancer treatment. Peptides that target specific pathways and cells involved in immunomodulation can potentially improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Recently, we reported iPD-L1 as a novel inhibitor peptide that specifically targets the cancer cell ligand PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1).

The Future of Microbiome Therapeutics.

The human microbiome exerts profound influence over various biological processes within the body. Unlike many host determinants, it represents a readily accessible target for manipulation to promote health benefits. However, existing commercial microbiome-directed products often exhibit low efficacy.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Evolution of intrinsic disorder in the structural domains of viral and cellular proteomes.

Intrinsically disordered regions are flexible regions that complement the typical structured regions of proteins. Little is known however about their evolution. Here we leverage a comparative and evolutionary genomics approach to analyze intrinsic disorder in the structural domains of thousands of proteomes.

The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1-2% of couples worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 play critical roles in early pregnancy, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 promote immune tolerance to prevent harmful inflammatory responses that play important role in placental and fetal development. This aim of the study is to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum from RPL patients and healthy women (control).

An Exploratory Investigation of Heritage and Educational Language Exposures as Factors in Medical Student Spanish Language Proficiency.

Background: Prior to enrolling in medical Spanish courses, students typically acquire their Spanish skills either through formal second language education only (L2 learners) or by being exposed to Spanish during childhood at home (heritage learners).

Objective: To categorize the language exposures of medical students who participated in a medical Spanish course and explore the associations of exposures with their medical language proficiency score on the Physician Oral Language Observation Matrix (POLOM).

Setting And Participants: Forty-one fourth-year medical students (2021-2022) self-reported demographics and prior language exposures and participated in videorecorded POLOM-rated Spanish standardized patient encounters.

Novel Objective Tool to Assess Tremor Reveals Unilateral Focused Ultrasound Improves Tremor Bilaterally.

Background: Tremor in essential tremor and in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease is assessed by subjective observations in patients undergoing focused ultrasound thalamotomy, a minimally invasive procedure intended to alleviate tremor in these patients.

Objective: To develop an objective tool for tremor analysis to be used before and after focused ultrasound thalamotomy treatment in the treated hand (contralateral to ablation) and non-treated (ipsilateral to ablation).

Methods: Using image processing and signal processing that utilized images of a Archimedes spiral drawing, we created a tool to analyze tremor.

Distributed training of foundation models for ophthalmic diagnosis.

Vision impairment affects nearly 2.2 billion people globally, and nearly half of these cases could be prevented with early diagnosis and intervention-underscoring the urgent need for reliable and scalable detection methods for conditions like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Here we propose a distributed deep learning framework that integrates self-supervised and domain-adaptive federated learning to enhance the detection of eye diseases from optical coherence tomography images.

Biosynthetic pathway for leukotrienes is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines in pig endometrial stromal cells.

An inflammatory response is related to different inflammatory mediators generated by immune and endometrial cells. The links between lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytokines, and leukotrienes (LTs) in endometrial stromal cells remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the influence of LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 on 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO), LTA4 hydrolase (LTAH) and LTC4 synthase (LTCS) mRNA and protein abundances, and LTB4 and cysteinyl (cys)-LTs release including LTC4, by the cultured pig endometrial stromal cells, as well as on cell viability.

RNA folding kinetics control riboswitch sensitivity in vivo.

Riboswitches are ligand-responsive gene-regulatory RNA elements that perform key roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Understanding how riboswitch sensitivity to ligand (EC) is controlled is critical to explain how highly conserved aptamer domains are deployed in a variety of contexts with different sensitivity demands. Here we uncover roles by which RNA folding dynamics control riboswitch sensitivity in cells.

RNAi-based ALOX15B silencing augments keratinocyte inflammation in vitro via EGFR/STAT1/JAK1 signalling.

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B (ALOX15B) peroxidises polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding fatty acid hydroperoxides, which are subsequently reduced into hydroxy-fatty acids. A dysregulated abundance of these biological lipid mediators has been reported in the skin and blood of psoriatic compared to healthy individuals. RNAscope and immunohistochemistry revealed increased ALOX15B expression in lesional psoriasis samples.

Periodically poled aluminum scandium nitride bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters for communications in the 6G era.

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters find applications in radio frequency (RF) communication systems for Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In the beyond-5G (potential 6G) era, high-frequency bands (>8 GHz) are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling ( ) to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity. However, both the Q and of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz.

gene mutation through CRISPR RNA-guided base editing weakens bacterial virulence and immune evasion.

The resistance of commonly used clinical antibiotics, such as daptomycin (DAP), has become increasingly serious in the fight against () infection. It is essential to explore key pathogenicity-driven genes/proteins in bacterial infection and antibiotics resistance, which contributes to develop novel therapeutic strategies against infections. The gene of , encoding 5'-nucleotidase (NT5), is nearly unknown for its function in drug resistance and bacterial infection.

Tissue Perfusion and Biomarkers Assessment Following Root Coverage Procedures.

Aim: To assess tissue perfusion changes and wound healing biomarker levels after root coverage procedures with coronally advanced flap in combination with the cross-linked xenogeneic collagen matrix (CCMX), loaded either with a placebo or recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF).

Methods: This study was designed as a secondary analysis from a previously published clinical trial, and it assessed the tissue perfusion changes over 6 months around multiple gingival recession defects, treated with either with CCMX alone (control) or with CCMX + rhPDGF (test). High frequency Doppler ultrasonography (HFUS) scans were obtained at sites of interest at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.

Incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation with talus fracture.

Background: Traumatic peroneal tendon dislocation (PTD) is known to occur with pilon and calcaneus fractures, however, literature describing PTD in concurrence with injury to the talus remains limited.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of adult patients with operatively treated talus fractures treated at a level I academic trauma center between 2007 and 2021. Charts, radiographs, and advanced imaging, when available, were reviewed for patient demographics, injury characteristics, and complications.