Investigating metabolic characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related cognitive dysfunction and correlating therapeutic effects of Di Dang Tang in animal models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Di Dang Tang is a classic formula from Shang Han Lun, originally used to treat conditions such as blood stasis and heat accumulation. It is widely applied in the treatment of diabetes and its complications, but its effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-related Cognitive Dysfunction (T2DM-CD) remain unclear.

Aim Of The Study: The study aimed to investigate the metabolic characteristics of patients with T2DM-CD.

Jiawei Yanghe Decoction alleviates pulmonary sarcoidosis by upregulating NR1D1/2 and suppressing Th17 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jiawei Yanghe Decoction (JWYHD) is a modified version traditional Chinese medicine formula Yanghe Decoction which has been used to treat various autoimmune diseases. However, the effect of JWYHD on pulmonary sarcoidosis remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanism of action of JWYHD in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Seaweeds: Nature's super therapeutics? Immunomodulatory and anti-viral properties of sulfated rhamnoxyloglucuronan isolated from Ulva fasciata Delile.

Green seaweeds, which make up a major population of total seaweed worldwide, possess various therapeutic properties. The aim of the study directed at isolating a (1 → 4) linked sulfated rhamno xyloglucuronan, designated as UFP-2, from the edible green seaweed Ulva fasciata Delile, and to evaluate its efficacy in modulating immune responses and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 (Delta variant) infection. Anti-inflammatory potential of UFP-2 was demonstrated through the regulation of key cytokines involved in inflammatory responses triggered by viral infections, including interferons (IFN-α/γ), interleukin (IL-1β/12/33), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).

Fecal microbiota transplantation combined with inulin promotes the development and function of early immune organs in chicks.

Modern management of chicks hinders the vertical transmission of intestinal microbiota, which is closely related to immunity. Inulin is a substrate that can be utilized by the microbiota. This study aimed to determine whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) combined with inulin played a "1+1>2" role in enhancing the development and function of immune organs.

Mono-species bacteria-induced chronic apical periodontitis triggers the aortic inflammatory response via modulation of systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has been confirmed to be associated with a common oral bacterial infection-chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). However, the detailed mechanisms remain controversial. CAP can potentially alter systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota, all of which contribute to the progression of the aortic inflammatory response.

The impact of diabetes on Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

Purpose: This study investigated the association between diabetes and Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC), focusing on how changes in inflammatory response and cardiac function influence SIC prognosis. The aim is to provide clinicians with more accurate treatment and management strategies, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 258 Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) patients, stratified by diabetes status and HbA1C levels.

Effects of ocean acidification and warming on apoptosis and immune response in the mussel Mytilus coruscus.

Ocean acidification and warming are significant stressors impacting marine ecosystems, exerting profound effects on the physiological ecology of marine organisms. We investigated the impact of ocean acidification and warming on the immune system of mussels, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. The study explored the effects on the immune response ability of mussels (Mytilus coruscus) after 14 and 21 days under combined conditions of different temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) and pH (8.

Protection of glutamine: The NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signaling pathway mediated by tight junction affects oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in snakehead (Channa argus).

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) destroys intestinal mechanical barrier and causes apoptosis by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Glutamine (Gln) can maintain normal intestinal function under various stressed or pathological conditions. Thereby, this study aims to evaluate the protection of glutamine on intestinal health of snakehead (Channa argus), specifically regarding the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signaling pathway mediated by tight junction affecting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Construction and analysis of the immune effect of subunit vaccines based on the flagellin FlaB and FlaC of Vibrio harveyi.

Vibrio harveyi is a common sort of pathogenic bacterium in marine, which annually gives rise to huge financial losses in aquaculture industry. Flagellin is one of the important virulence factors for bacteria, but meanwhile it is also a preferable vaccine candidate. In this study, we have identified and analyzed two flagellin antigens of V.

Study on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and quality control of the branch bark of Morus alba L.

In this study, the chemical constituents of branch bark and root bark of Morus alba L. were first qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. A total of 40 compounds were identified, including 20 flavonoids, 3 stilbenes, 1 phenolic acid, 1 alkaloid, 5 arylbenzofurans and 10 Diels-Alder adducts.

Intraoperative Femoral Fractures During Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty are Associated with Increased Revision and Complication Rates.

Background: Intraoperative femoral fractures are a rare, but serious complication of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and little is known about the rates of complications and reoperations in these patients. The objective of this investigation was to describe the two-year outcomes and revision rates in patients who sustain an intraoperative femoral fracture during THA.

Methods: A large administrative claims database was queried for patients who sustained an intraoperative femoral fracture during primary and elective THA from 2015 to 2022.

Early life environmental enrichment yields resilience to selected behavioural and brain responses to 5-fluorouracil in mice.

Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality for multiple cancer types, but the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs often leads to persistent psychological disturbances that undermine daily function. Minimizing such unwanted effects is challenging in the rehabilitation/prehabilitation of cancer survivors, hence the impetus to identify modifiable external factors capable of improving the recovery process. The importance of social stimulation has been demonstrated in a mouse model showing that grouped housing lowered the likelihood of developing mood disturbance following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs compared with isolated housing.

Subspecies phylogeny in the human gut revealed by co-evolutionary constraints across the bacterial kingdom.

The human gut microbiome contains many bacterial strains of the same species ("strain-level variants") that shape microbiome function. The tremendous scale and molecular resolution at which microbial communities are being interrogated motivates addressing how to describe strain-level variants. We introduce the "Spectral Tree"-an inferred tree of relatedness built from patterns of co-evolutionary constraint between greater than 7,000 diverse bacteria.

Fiber- and acetate-mediated modulation of MHC-II expression on intestinal epithelium protects from Clostridioides difficile infection.

Here, we explore the relationship between dietary fibers, colonic epithelium major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression, and immune cell interactions in regulating susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We find that a low-fiber diet increases MHC-II expression in the colonic epithelium, which, in turn, worsens CDI by promoting the development of pathogenic CD4 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The influence of dietary fibers on MHC-II expression is mediated by its metabolic product, acetate, and its receptor, free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2).

Animal experiments and network pharmacology to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with chronic low-grade inflammation of the ovary. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs that can reduce the weight and hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetes patients. Dapagliflozin is a highly selective, orally active and reversible inhibitor of the human SGLT2.

Alleviation effect of taxifolin on diquat-induced damage to porcine intestinal epithelial cells.

Oxidative stress is considered to be a major cause of numerous intestinal diseases, and taxifolin (TA) possesses a variety of pharmacological properties that promote health and prevent disease. This study intends to determine the ability of TA to alleviate oxidative stress induced by diquat (DIQ) in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells). After being pretreated with 150 μM TA for 24 h, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 0.

Exercise-induced cytosolic calcium oscillations: mechanisms and modulation of T-cell function.

This study investigated time-dependent changes in intracellular Ca⁺ levels in T cells, regulatory mechanisms, and functional effects after acute exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control and exercise groups, with the latter sacrificed at different intervals post-exercise. Murine splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and cytosolic Ca⁺ levels were measured using Fluo-3/AM.

Discovery of 1,2,4-benzotriazine derivatives as new hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) inhibitors.

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), which negatively regulates immune signaling, has emerged as an attractive small-molecule drug target for tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we report the discovery of the 1,2,4-benzotriazine derivatives as new potent HPK1 inhibitors. Notably, compound A29 exhibited improved HPK1 inhibitory activity relative to compound 1 in the ADP-Glo kinase assay (IC = 2.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of luteolin from peanut shells using ionic liquid and its molecular mechanism.

This study investigates the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as sustainable solvents in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to efficiently recover luteolin from peanut shells. Among the range of ILs tested, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate stood out as the most effective solvent, achieving the highest extraction yield. Single-factor experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of ultrasonic power, extraction time, extraction temperature, IL concentration, and solid-to-liquid ratio on extraction efficiency.

Stigma towards functional disability and anxiety among patients with cancer: The moderating role of physicians' behaviors.

Objective: To explore the moderating role of physicians' behaviors in medical encounters with cancer patients in the association between physicians' public stigma towards functional disability and post-meeting patient anxiety.

Methods: A three time-point prospective nested study was conducted between November 2019 and July 2022 in two medical centres. Before the medical encounters, 32 physicians completed the Disability Attitudes in Health Care Scale, and 150 adult cancer patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), pre and post medical encounters.

Upregulating lncRNA GUSBP11 protects chondrocytes from IL-1β-induced inflammatory damage via inhibiting miR-122-5p.

Studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs exhibit abnormal expression levels in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, and in-depth investigation of these aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting OA. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of glucuronidase beta pseudogene 11 (GUSBP11) in OA patients and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect GUSBP11 levels on cartilage tissues and serum samples obtained from OA patients.

House dust mite induced mucosal barrier dysfunction and type 2 inflammatory responses via the MAPK/AP-1/IL-24 Signaling pathway in allergic rhinitis.

The epithelial barrier, previously regarded only as a physical defense, is now understood to play a vital role in immune responses and the regulation of inflammation. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa, with House Dust Mite (HDM) identified as a significant inhalant allergen that can impair this barrier. IL-24 has emerged as a key cytokine in allergic diseases, involved in maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis.

Synergistic toxicity of nanoplastics and Helicobacter pylori on digestive system in mice.

Nanoplastics, in combination with pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances, have been shown to induce oxidative stress and disrupt energy and lipid metabolism, posing significant health risks. This study evaluated the toxic effects of co-exposure to nanoplastics and Helicobacter pylori on the digestive system of mice. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the accumulation of AuPS-NPs (Au-core polystyrene nanoplastics) in the stomach, colon, and liver, while hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed dose-dependent pathological damage in these tissues.