Strychni Semen and two alkaloidal components cause apoptosis in HK-2 cells through TRADD-MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.

Strychni Semen is the dried ripe seeds of the plant Strychnos nux-vomica L, and has great medicinal value and developmental potential.However, Strychni Semen is severely toxic, with adverse effects on the central nervous system, urinary system, and other organ systems, and severe cases can be life-threatening. The present study was to reveal the mechanism of nephrotoxicity induced by Strychni Semen and its alkaloid components using experiments.

Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to explore the potential mechanism of Ginseng-Schisandra Chinensis decoction against asthma.

Background: Ginseng-Schisandra chinensis (GSC) decoction has shown good efficacy in the treatment of asthma, but its t mechanism in the treatment of asthma is still not fully understood.

Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of GSC for AS by identifying the active components of GSC.

Methods: The chemical composition of GSC was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS.

U.S. national trends in cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity in cisgender women.

Introduction: Changes in up-to-date cervical cancer screening (CCS) over time by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity were estimated to identify trends in screening disparities.

Methods: This 2024 retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of National Health Interview Survey data (years 2013, 2015, 2019 and 2021) included 40,818 cisgender women aged 21-65 without hysterectomy. Joinpoint analysis was performed to calculate the annual percent change (APC) of up-to-date CCS from 2013 to 2021.

Increased reactive astrocytes and NLRC4-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in advanced visual structures contralateral to the optic nerve crush eye in mice.

Currently, research on optic nerve injury predominantly focuses on the retina and optic nerve, but emerging evidence suggests that optic nerve injury also affects advanced visual structures like the superior colliculus (SC) and primary visual cortex (V1 region). However, the exact mechanisms have not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of pathology in the SC and V1 region after optic nerve crush (ONC) to deepen our understanding of the central mechanism of visual injury.

Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Fellowship Applicants with Greater Research Productivity During Residency are Ranked Higher by Fellowship Programs.

Introduction: Shoulder and elbow surgery fellowships in the United States are recognized for their academic emphasis, yet the correlation between an applicant's research productivity and fellowship match results remains unclear. This study (1) analyzed temporal trends in research productivity among matched fellowship applicants, (2) evaluated the influence of quantity of publications and first authorships on match positions, and (3) investigated program variations in research productivity.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the San Francisco (SF) Match Database for shoulder and elbow surgery applicants matched between 2017 and 2024.

Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning disrupts the behavioral and molecular response to restraint stress in male mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder potentially influenced by factors such as stress and inflammation. Chronic stress can lead to maladaptive brain changes that may trigger immune hyperactivation, contributing to MDD's pathogenesis. While the involvement of inflammation in MDD is well established, the effects of inflammatory preconditioning in animals subsequently exposed to chronic stress remain unclear.

Klotho protein: A key modulator of aging and COVID-19 severity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn significant attention to factors affecting disease severity, especially in older adults. This study explores the relationship between Klotho, an anti-aging protein, and COVID-19 severity. Conducted at Tehran's Firouzgar Hospital, this case-control study involved 279 participants, assessing serum levels of Klotho, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6)), and Vitamin D.

Euglena gracilis-derived β-glucan ameliorates particulate matter (PM)-induced airway inflammation by modulating nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathways in A549 cells and BALB/c mice.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (EGB), an edible microalga, on particulate matter (PM)-induced airway inflammation in A549 cells and BALB/c mice. EGB effectively suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8) and mediators (iNOS, COX-2), while inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways triggered by PM exposure and reducing nuclear NF-κB levels. Additionally, EGB decreased PM-induced ROS production and increased the protein levels of NRF2 and HO-1, along with genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (catalase, GPx, SOD1), associated with elevated nuclear NRF2 levels.

Evodiamine rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment via C/EBP-β-COX2 axis-regulated neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation is a key driver of neurological disorders. Evodiamine (EVO), an alkaloid from the traditional Chinese herb Evodia rutaecarpa, possesses potent biological activities, notably anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigates EVO's potential to attenuate LPS-induced neuroinflammation, focusing on identifying its therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action.

Baicalin ameliorates neuroinflammation by targeting TLR4/MD2 complex on microglia via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

This study aims to elucidate the target and mechanism of baicalin, a clinically utilized drug, in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of glial cells and the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). The remission of such diseases is significantly dependent on the improvement of inflammatory microenvironment.

Discovering the compatibility of Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus in attenuating hepatotoxicity through the association rules analysis of related formula.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Gardeniae Fructus, GF) is a widely used herbal medicine in many prescriptions. However, inappropriate application of GF may induce hepatotoxicity, which greatly challenges its clinical application.

Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Presumed Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS).

Introduction: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is thought to be benign by nature, but a proportion of patients still suffer from neurological deficits on follow-up.

Objective: To understand what factors may influence a patient's recovery from RCVS.

Methods: The Clinical Research Data Warehouse at this institution was employed to search the medical records for patients with diagnosis and treatment of RCVS (2010-2021).

Association between activity quotient and cause-specific mortality - A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million participants in Asia.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is important for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and improving overall health. Activity Quotient (AQ) is a novel metric that translates heart rate during PA into a weekly score, providing an objective measure of an individual's PA. We prospectively examined the association of AQ with cancer and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality outcomes, the two major causes of death, in a Taiwanese population.

A novel interleukin-10 antibody graft to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of chronic conditions that severely impact a patient's health and quality of life. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine has strong genetic links to IBD susceptibility and has shown strong efficacy in IBD rodent models, suggesting it has great therapeutic potential. However, when tested in clinical trials for IBD, recombinant human IL-10 (rhIL-10) showed weak and inconsistent efficacy due to its short half-life and pro-inflammatory properties that counteract the anti-inflammatory efficacy.

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

The unfolding of psychological distress following the October 7 attack on Israel: The impact of exposure, gender, and event centrality.

Background: Mass disasters, whether natural or human-made, pose significant public health challenges, with some individuals demonstrating resilience, whereas others experience persistent emotional distress that may meet diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders. We explored key risk factors for distress following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks on Israel, focusing on trauma exposure, gender, and event centrality.

Method: A longitudinal study design was used, assessing posttraumatic distress (PTSD), depression, generalized anxiety, event centrality, and functioning at approximately three (T1; n=858) and seven (T2, n=509) months post-attack.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates the inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured mice by regulating microglia polarization per SIRT1-mediated HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), an active component isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has demonstrated potent protective effects against cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Microglial polarisation plays a crucial role in I/R.

Comparison of midazolam and dexmedetomidine combined with thoracic paravertebral block in hemodynamics, inflammation and stress response, and cognitive function in elderly lung cancer patients.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of midazolam and dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine-induced thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) in radical lung cancer surgery.

Methods: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of elderly patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery from March 2020 to February 2023 in our hospital. All patients underwent a single two-site method of TPVB at the levels of T4 and T7 under ultrasound guidance.

Effects of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica on TL1A/DR3 and Th9 cells in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, and TL1A and its receptor DR3 play important roles in its pathogenesis. Th9 cells are involved in RA development. Dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica (DDN) has a therapeutic effect on RA, but its effect on TL1A/DR3 and Th9 cells remains unclear.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviated atopic march by inhibiting the differentiation of type 2 helper T cells.

Background: The blood FGF21 expression has been previously suggested to increase in patients developing atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. However, its impact on atopic march is rarely analyzed. The present work focused on investigating the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21(FGF21) in atopic march mice and its underlying mechanisms.

SLC7A11 suppresses pyroptosis to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis development by modulating the IL-17 pathway.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. This study aims to explore the potential mechanisms by which solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) influences RA development.

Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were constructed to observe disease onset and pathological scores.