Effectiveness of Video Teletherapy in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Exposure and Response Prevention: Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: An effective primary treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents as well as adults is exposure and response prevention (ERP), a form of intervention in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Despite strong evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of ERP from studies in research and real-world settings, its clinical use remains limited. This underuse is often attributed to access barriers such as the scarcity of properly trained therapists, geographical constraints, and costs.

Effects of daylong exposure to indoor overheating on enterocyte damage and inflammatory responses in older adults: A randomized crossover trial.

We evaluated enterocyte damage (IFABP), microbial translocation (sCD14), and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in 16 older adults (66-78 years) during 8 hours rest in conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control), the 26°C indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies, and homes without air-conditioning during heatwaves (31°C, 36°C). Relative to 22°C, IFABP was elevated ~181 pg/mL after exposure to 31°C (P=0.07), and by ~378 pg/mL (P<0.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.

Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.

How can we make sound replication decisions?

Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers' time are quite limited.

Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications.

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches.

No gender differences in attraction to young partners: A study of 4500 blind dates.

In mixed-gender couples, men are older than women on average. Scholars and laypeople presume that this arrangement reflects mirrored preferences such that men desire younger partners and women desire older partners. Nevertheless, relevant published data on in-person romantic evaluations-that is, studies where adults interact in person and report their initial attraction to each other-are nearly nonexistent.

The present and future of peer review: Ideas, interventions, and evidence.

What is wrong with the peer review system? Is peer review sustainable? Useful? What other models exist? These are central yet contentious questions in today's academic discourse. This perspective critically discusses alternative models and revisions to the peer review system. The authors highlight possible changes to the peer review system, with the goal of fostering further dialog among the main stakeholders, including producers and consumers of scientific research.

The misalignment of incentives in academic publishing and implications for journal reform.

For most researchers, academic publishing serves two goals that are often misaligned-knowledge dissemination and establishing scientific credentials. While both goals can encourage research with significant depth and scope, the latter can also pressure scholars to maximize publication metrics. Commercial publishing companies have capitalized on the centrality of publishing to the scientific enterprises of knowledge dissemination and academic recognition to extract large profits from academia by leveraging unpaid services from reviewers, creating financial barriers to research dissemination, and imposing substantial fees for open access.

Risk of Cancers According to the Use of Biological Agents in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: As the duration of use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) accumulates over time, long-term real-world safety data on cancer risk are needed. This study assessed the association between tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and interleukin 17 inhibitors (IL-17is) exposures and cancer risk in patients with r-axSpA.

Methods: From the Korean nationwide database, we assembled 41,889 patients without prior history of cancer who were diagnosed with r-axSpA from 2010 onwards.

Daytime DNase-I Administration Protects Mice From Ischemic Stroke Without Inducing Bleeding or tPA-Induced Hemorrhagic Transformation, Even With Aspirin Pretreatment.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke treatment typically involves tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or tenecteplase, but about 50% of patients do not achieve successful reperfusion. The causes of tPA resistance, influenced by thrombus composition and timing, are not fully clear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), associated with poor outcomes and reperfusion resistance, contribute to thrombosis.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Longitudinal Reliability of Milestones Learning Trajectories during Anesthesiology Residency.

Background: Longitudinal Milestones data reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provide a structured framework for assessing the developmental progression of residents in key competencies and subcompetencies. This study aims to investigate the previously underexplored longitudinal reliability of Milestones data, with the goal of identifying patterns in learning trajectories that can inform targeted interventions for residents and programs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with national anesthesiology Milestones data collected from 2014 to 2020.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function of walnut green husk aqueous extract (WNGH-AE) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) treated with t-BHP.

Oxidative damage, oxidative inflammation, and a range of downstream diseases represent significant threats to human health. The application of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents can help prevent and mitigate these associated diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of walnut green husk (WNGH) as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in an in vitro setting.

Synbiotics effects of d-tagatose and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the inflammation and oxidative stress reaction of Gallus gallus based on the genus of cecal bacteria and their metabolites.

Backgrounds: Abuse of feed supplement can cause oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in Gallus gallus. Synbiotics are composed of prebiotics and probiotics and it possess huge application potentials in the treatment of animal diseases.

Methods: This study examined the effect of d-tagatose on the probiotic properties of L.

From impact metrics and open science to communicating research: Journalists' awareness of academic controversies.

This study sheds light on how journalists respond to evolving debates within academia around topics including research integrity, improper use of metrics to measure research quality and impact, and the risks and benefits of the open science movement. It does so through a codebook thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 19 health and science journalists from the Global North. We find that journalists' perceptions of these academic controversies vary widely, with some displaying a highly critical and nuanced understanding and others presenting a more limited awareness.

Mechanism of Radix Bupleuri and Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim drug pairs on liver fibrosis based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation.

A number of studies demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of Radix Bupleuri (RB) and Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim (HMM) in treating liver fibrosis, but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of RB-HMM drug pairs in treating liver fibrosis by using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation technology and in vitro experiments. Totally, 155 intersection targets between RB-HMM and liver fibrosis were identified.

The cellular response of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts to RB-PDT: Insights into cytokines, chemokines and related signaling pathways.

Purpose: Rose Bengal Photodynamic Therapy (RB-PDT) offers dual therapeutic benefits by enhancing corneal stiffness and providing antibacterial activity, presenting significant potential for patients with keratoconus complicated by keratitis. Our purpose was to assess the effect of rose bengal photodynamic therapy (RB-PDT) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as on extracellular matrix (ECM)-related molecules, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of keratoconus human corneal fibroblasts (KC-HCFs). Additionally, the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways which are downstream of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway were examined.

Metabolomic analysis of murine tissues infected with Brucella melitensis.

Brucella is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that constitutes a substantial threat to human and animal health. Brucella can replicate in a variety of tissues and can induce immune responses that alter host metabolite availability. Here, mice were infected with B.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the formation of nodules, abscesses, and fistulae at intertriginous sites. Pain, pruritus, malodor, and suppuration have a significant impact on quality of life for HS patients. Prevalence figures vary greatly in the literature from 0.

Menthol cigarette use in US pregnancies: Prevalence, racial/ethnic disparities, and associated characteristics from the 2010-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

Introduction: Pregnant people who smoke constitute a uniquely vulnerable population likely to be impacted by a menthol cigarette (MC) ban. However, there are no published reports of prevalence of prenatal MC use in a nationally-representative US sample including racial-ethnic disparities and associated characteristics.

Methods: Participants were 1245 US pregnant people who smoked MC or non-MC (NMC) in the past 30-days from the 2010-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Tissue Selective Ultrasonic Debridement with Cryopreserved Human Skin Allograft to Heal a Chronic Wound: A Case Report.

Tissue selective ultrasonic debridement is a new method of debriding chronic wounds that prepares the wound for advanced tissue application. This article presents the case of an 89-year-old woman with a chronic nonhealing wound to her lateral distal leg. The wound had a significant amount of biofilm and fibrous slough.

Heel Offloading Posterior Splint for Treatment of Heel Ulcerations.

Total contact casting is the gold standard for plantar foot ulcers but has been questioned in heel pressure ulcers. Current offloading of heel ulcers is typically removable offloading boots. We describe using a modified posterior splint to offload heel ulcers in nonweightbearing patients.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy rescued mouse critical limb ischemia via upregulating GPR120 against inflammation and promoting angiogenesis for restoring the blood flow in ischemic zone-experimental study.

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) effectively rescues critical limb ischemia (CLI) in mice through the upregulation of GPR120, which protects against inflammation and angiogenesis to restore blood flow in the ischemic area.

Methods And Results: Compared with the control, ECSWT-induced GPR120-mediated anti-inflammatory effects significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory signaling biomarkers (TAK1/MAPK family/NF-κB/IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/MCP-1) in HUVECs, and these effects were abolished by silencing GPR120 or by the GPR120 antagonist AH7614 (all P < 0.001).

Investigating causal relationship among inflammatory cytokines and oropharyngeal cancer: Mendelian randomization.

Objectives: This study aims to use Mendelian randomisation to identify the causal relationship between a spectrum of 41 inflammatory cytokines and the development of oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: This study investigated genetic variants that have been associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer using data from a large GWAS. Inflammatory cytokine data were obtained from 8293 asymptomatic individuals.

Acute anticonvulsant effects of dapsone on PTZ- and MES-induced seizures in mice: NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway preservation.

Background: Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, presents considerable difficulties in treatment, particularly when dealing with drug-resistant cases. Dapsone, recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise as a potential therapeutic option. However, its effectiveness in epilepsy requires further investigation.