Epidemiological, clinical and mortality trends in people with HIV over 60 years in the PISCIS population-based cohort from Catalonia and Balearic Islands.

Objective: With HIV now a chronic condition and an aging population, understanding the evolving profiles of older people with HIV (PWH) is crucial. In this longitudinal study, we examined changes in epidemiological and mortality trends among aging PWH aged 60 and above from 1998 to 2021.

Design: The study constructed four retrospective cohorts based on our calendar periods, reflecting the changing epidemiology of HIV - 1998-2003, 2004-2008, 2009-2014, and 2015-2021.

The shared genetic architecture of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and lifespan.

Psychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia (SCZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) represent an evolutionary paradox, as they exhibit strong negative effects on fitness, such as decreased fecundity and early mortality, yet they persist at a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%. Molecular mechanisms affecting lifespan, which may be widely common among complex diseases with fitness effects, can be studied by the integrated analysis of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human longevity together with any disease of interest. Here, we report the first of such studies, focusing on the genetic overlap-pleiotropy-between two psychiatric disorders with shortened lifespan, SCZ and BD, and human parental lifespan (PLS) as a surrogate of life expectancy.

Personality Disorders in the ICD-11: Spanish Validation of the PiCD and the SASPD in a Mixed Community and Clinical Sample.

The International Classification of Diseases-11th revision (ICD-11) classification of personality disorders is the official diagnostic system that is used all over the world, and it has recently been renewed. However, as yet very few data are available on its performance. This study examines the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), which assesses the personality domains of the system, and the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD), which determines severity.

[Validation of a short food frequency questionnaire in small children].

Introduction: validated food frequency questionnaires in children are scarce, mostly long, and only provide data about food consumption. Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a short food frequency questionnaire that estimates energy, nutritional intake, and the frequency of food consumption in children aged between 3 and 6 years. Material and methods: in 49 children (57% boys), the reproducibility and validity of a frequency questionnaire with 41 items was assessed using Spearman's and intraclass correlations, both adjusted and not adjusted for energy.

Specific Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subclass Profiles and Central Arterial Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study.

Background: Dyslipidemia has been associated with vascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We examined the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-assessed lipoprotein subclass profiles in subjects with T1DM compared with those of healthy subjects and assessed the potential relationship of these profiles with arterial stiffness.

Methods: Eighty-four participants with T1DM of at least 10 years duration and no clinical cardiovascular disease (age: 35-65 years; 50% men) and 42 healthy participants were evaluated for: (1) clinical and anthropometric data (including classical cardiovascular risk factors), (2) insulin sensitivity by estimated glucose disposal rate, (3) microvascular complications, (4) NMR-assessed lipoprotein subclass profile, and (5) arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity).

Long lasting behavioural effects on cuprizone fed mice after neurotoxicant withdrawal.

Destruction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) is prominent in many clinico-pathologic conditions. Among animal models that reproduce the pathological features of de- and remyelination processes, the mouse model of cuprizone administration is widely used. Both hyperactivity and motor impairment have been reported upon cuprizone exposure.

Patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 admitted to the ICU. Impact of the recommendations of the SEMICYUC.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the recommendations of the SEMICYUC (2012) on severe influenza A.

Design: A prospective multicenter observational study was carried out.

Setting: ICU.

Schizotypal traits and cognitive performance in siblings of patients with psychosis.

Introduction: Schizotypy has been proposed to be the expression of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The available literature shows cognitive similarities between schizotypy and schizophrenia, with mildly impaired performance being associated with schizotypy. This study aims to determine the relationship between schizotypy and cognitive performance in siblings of patients with psychosis.

Health risks of environmental exposure to metals and herbicides in the Pardo River, Brazil.

Mixture of metals and herbicides in rivers may pose relevant risks for the health of surrounding communities. Humans may be exposed to river pollution through intake of contaminated water and fish, as well as irrigated agricultural products. The aim of this study was to assess the human health risks of environmental exposure to metals and herbicides through water and fish intake in the Pardo River.

High FGF21 levels are associated with altered bone homeostasis in HIV-1-infected patients.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) has emerged as an important regulator of glucose, lipid, and body weight homeostasis. However, recent experimental studies have reported that increased FGF21 levels may lead to bone loss.

Objective: To assess the relationship of serum FGF21 levels and altered bone homeostasis in HIV-1-infected patients.

Predictors of short- and long-term adherence with a Mediterranean-type diet intervention: the PREDIMED randomized trial.

Background: Dietary intervention success requires strong participant adherence, but very few studies have examined factors related to both short-term and long-term adherence. A better understanding of predictors of adherence is necessary to improve the design and execution of dietary intervention trials. This study was designed to identify participant characteristics at baseline and study features that predict short-term and long-term adherence with interventions promoting the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) randomized trial.

Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports.

Pathology to vertebrate hosts has emerged repeatedly in the order Ophiostomatales. Occasional infections have been observed in Sporothrix mexicana at a low level of virulence, while the main pathogenic species cluster in a derived clade around S. schenckii s.

Molecular characterization of Shewanella and Aeromonas isolates associated with spoilage of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Storage in ice is a common way of preserving commercial fish species but some microorganisms can still contaminate and participate in the spoilage of the product; therefore, identification of potential harmful microbes is important. Thirteen colonies were isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) that had been stored in ice, whose phenotypic identification revealed that they belonged to the genera Aeromonas (n = 5) and Shewanella (n = 8). Molecular genotyping with ERIC-PCR showed clonality only among two of the five Aeromonas isolates and for two groups (n = 3; n = 2) of the eight Shewanella isolates.

Skeletal muscle myogenesis is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an important serine/threonine-kinase regulating different membrane receptors and intracellular proteins. Attenuation of Drosophila Gprk2 in embryos or adult flies induced a defective differentiation of somatic muscles, loss of fibers, and a flightless phenotype. In vertebrates, GRK2 hemizygous mice contained less but more hypertrophied skeletal muscle fibers than wild-type littermates.

Validation of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess food groups and nutrient intake.

Introduction: Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) analyze average food and nutrient intake over extended periods to associate habitual dietary intake with health problems and chronic diseases. A tool of this nature applicable to both women and men is not presently available in Mexico.

Objective: To validate a FFQ for adult men and women.

Role of energy- and nutrient-sensing kinases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in adipocyte differentiation.

Recent advances have demonstrated that the adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating overall energy balance. Obesity results from a chronic deregulation of energy balance, with energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. Recently, new mechanisms that control the obesity phenotype such as the equilibrium between white and brown adipose tissue function has been identified.

Knowledge, interest, predisposition and evaluation of functional foods in Spanish dietitians-nutritionists and experts in human nutrition and dietetics.

Introduction: Little research has been conducted into the attitudes and knowledge of dietitians-nutritionists (DN) or of experts in human nutrition and dietetics (EHND) regarding functional foods (FFs).

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of, interest in and predisposition towards FFs in Spanish DN and EHND, and how these professionals rate the potential benefits and risks associated with consuming FFs.

Methods: 2100 DN and 122 EHND were asked to participate in a self-administered questionnaire.

RT-qPCR study on post-mortem brain samples from patients with major psychiatric disorders: reference genes and specimen characteristics.

Background: Gene expression studies conducted in post-mortem human brain samples have the potential to identify relevant genes implicated in psychiatric disorders. Although reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) has emerged as the method of choice for specific gene expression studies, it requires the use of stable reference genes, and it is necessary to control for pre- and post-mortem factors to obtain reliable data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify suitable reference genes and specimen characteristics that can be taken into account when comparing mRNA expression data between post-mortem brain specimens from psychiatric patients and controls.

Arcobacter defluvii sp. nov., isolated from sewage samples.

A study employing a polyphasic taxonomic approach was undertaken to clarify the position of 12 isolates recovered from sewage samples. These isolates were recognized as a potential novel species because a new and specific pattern was produced with the 16S rRNA-RFLP Arcobacter identification method. The sequences of the 16S rRNA gene not only supported the classification of these novel strains as members of the genus Arcobacter, but also showed that they formed a separate phylogenetic line.

Aeromonas rivuli sp. nov., isolated from the upstream region of a karst water rivulet.

Two freshwater isolates (WB4.1-19(T) and WB4.4-101), sharing 99.

Diversity and pathogenecity of Vibrio species in cultured bivalve molluscs.

Shellfish production is seriously affected by bacterial pathogens that cause high losses in hatcheries and in the aquaculture sector. A number of Vibrio species are considered important pathogens and have provoked severe mortality outbreaks. The pathologies caused by vibrios in bivalves have been described since the 1960s; however, over recent years, successive episodes of high mortality have been recorded due to these microorganisms.

Behavioral effects and oxidative status in brain regions of adult rats exposed to BDE-99.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants. Although developmental neurotoxicity of PBDEs has been already investigated, little is still known about their potential neurotoxic effects in adulthood. In this study, we assessed the oxidative damage in brain sections and the possible behavioral effects induced by exposure to 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99).

Increase in metabolic syndrome as defined by ATPIII from 1992-1993 to 2002-2003 in a Mediterranean population.

This paper presents the results of a study that aimed to describe the prevalence and evolution of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Mediterranean population of Catalonia, Spain, between 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 by applying the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions. Data from two cross-sectional population-based surveys were used (ENCAT 1992-1993 [n = 820] and 2002-2003 [n = 1,384]). Applying IDF definitions, MetS tended to increase (P = 0.