PROTOCOL: Employee work motivation, effort, and performance under a merit pay system: A systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: One goal of this systematic review is to identify whether merit pay predicts employee work motivation, effort, and performance; a second goal is to determine whether the association between merit pay and subsequent employee work motivation, effort, and performance is stronger depending on the actual relationship between the performance ratings and merit increases received, as well as on the perceived relationship by employees between their performance and their pay; a third goal is to identify whether the association between merit pay and subsequent employee motivation depends on what type of motivation is measured (i.e.

Inequality aversion predicts support for public and private redistribution.

Rising inequality has brought redistribution back on the political agenda. In theory, inequality aversion drives people's support for redistribution. People can dislike both advantageous inequality (comparison relative to those worse off) and disadvantageous inequality (comparison relative to those better off).

Solving the resource constrained project scheduling problem with quantum annealing.

Quantum annealing emerges as a promising approach for tackling complex scheduling problems such as the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). This study represents the first application of quantum annealing to solve the RCPSP, analyzing 12 well-known mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations and converting the most qubit-efficient one into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) model. We then solve this model using the D-wave advantage 6.

Do Behavioral Characteristics Influence the Breast Cancer Diagnosis Delay? Evidence From French Retrospective Data.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the behavioral determinants of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis delays in France. To do so, we investigated whether time discounting, risk tolerance, and personality traits influenced the BC diagnosis delay of patients.

Methods: We used original retrospective data collected on 2 large online patient networks from 402 women diagnosed of BC.

Study abroad programmes and student outcomes: Evidence from Erasmus.

Exploiting admission thresholds for participating in Erasmus, the most popular higher education study abroad programme in Europe, we implement a regression discontinuity design and show that student mobility does not delay graduation and, in addition, has a positive and significant impact on the final graduation marks of undergraduate students. We find that Erasmus mobility improves graduation results for undergraduate students enrolled in scientific and technical fields and for those who apply in the first year of their studies, especially when enrolled in more demanding degree courses. Investigating plausible mechanisms, we find that the positive impact on performance at graduation is stronger for students who visit foreign universities of relatively lower quality compared to their home university.

Do smoking abstinence periods among pregnant smokers improve birth weight? A secondary analysis of a randomised, controlled trial.

Objectives: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW). Reduction of cigarette consumption does not seem to improve birth weight but it is not known whether implementation of periods of smoking abstinence improves it. We assessed whether the number of 7-day periods of smoking abstinence during pregnancy may help reduce the number of newborns with LBW.

The language of blame: Exploring the effects of non-native accents on post-accident blame attributions.

This peer commentary investigates how individuals assign blame to non-native supervisors after an accident where an employee suffers a workplace accident in a multilingual organization. Extending research presented in the focal article by Obenauer and Kalsher's (2023), the authors propose that supervisors with non-native accents are likely to be blamed after an accident they tried to prevent due to stereotypes and increased cognitive effort in processing accented speech. The authors discuss scenarios where, even when supervisors effectively conduct a verbal safety briefing warning employees about possible dangers, they are not excepted from blame.

Modeling Sequential Dependencies in Progressive Matrices: An Auto-Regressive Item Response Theory (AR-IRT) Approach.

Measurement models traditionally make the assumption that item responses are independent from one another, conditional upon the common factor. They typically explore for violations of this assumption using various methods, but rarely do they account for the possibility that an item predicts the next. Extending the development of auto-regressive models in the context of personality and judgment tests, we propose to extend binary item response models-using, as an example, the 2-parameter logistic (2PL) model-to include auto-regressive sequential dependencies.

Measuring the presence and incidence of cholera in Hindustan: New data from primary sources for the colonial era.

We build a new dataset covering 90 years of Cholera spreading in Hindustan from 1814 to 1904. We gather data from a collection of primary sources issued from medical reports. We propose a harmonization procedure to make these data comparable and corresponding to the current borders of India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

Following community norms or an internal compass? The role of prospective leaders' social category membership in the differential effects of authentic and ethical leadership on stereotype threat.

Increasing racial diversity in organizations remains a challenge, as stereotype threat undermines the performance and career aspirations of minority group members during job recruitment. The present study examines how prospective leaders can leverage their influence on their followers' identities to mitigate the stereotype threat Black individuals face in this context. We explore the effects of two moral leadership styles (ethical vs.

Are there gender differences in promotion-prevention self-regulatory focus?

The purpose of this research is to examine gender differences in promotion/prevention self-regulatory focus, a dispositional motivational orientation with major implications for human functioning. First, a review of literature using social cognitive theory as a framework suggests that, driven by socialization processes, (1) women may on average be more prevention focused than men - meaning more vigilant to maintain a secure status quo, whereas (2) men may on average be more promotion focused than women - meaning more eager to advance to a better situation than their status quo. Second, we provide data to examine these possible gender differences in self-regulatory focus with secondary analyses of (a) our own existing data on dispositional regulatory focus and of (b) a large scale, representative panel study (LISS Survey).

Does encouraging mastery goals benefit performance in a scoring exercise? It may depend on chronic self-adopted achievement goals.

Introduction: Mastery goals (aims to learn or attain skill) have traditionally been portrayed in achievement-motivation literature as the optimal goal for ensuring objective performance and well-being outcomes (relative to performance goals - aims to outperform others). This portrayal often yielded the recommendation that those in applied settings, such as coaches, managers, and teachers, should encourage those whom they lead to pursue mastery goals. We put this assertion to a test by examining whether the effect of situationally induced goals depends on the goals that individuals personally self-adopt.

Effects of modern agricultural demonstration zones on cropland utilization efficiency: An empirical study based on county pilot.

The establishment of modern agricultural demonstration zones, as an important initiative to promote the modernization of agriculture, has attracted much attention as to whether its promotion and demonstration can bring about a benign enhancement of the cropland utilization efficiency. This study uses the difference-in-difference model, and with the help of the data of 1872 counties in China from 2006 to 2020. The study shows that the agricultural demonstration zones significantly improve the utilization efficiency of cropland, while there is strong regional heterogeneity in this effect, with a greater degree of promotion in some regions that are lagging in agricultural development.

Online information search by people with Multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review.

Background: People with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) search for information online about various aspects of living with their disease, but details about patterns of searching and outcomes are unclear. This means that opportunities to leverage online resources to support pwMS, and to enhance shared decision making, may be missed. We aimed to do a systematic review of the literature on digital information searching by pwMS.

Investigating the dynamic mechanism of user willingness to actively publish travel-related Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on tourism platforms.

This study aims to uncover the dynamic mechanism of users' willingness to actively publish Electronic word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on tourism platform. For this, a model with system dynamics and structural equation methods were constructed and validated. It was found that perceived usefulness, utilizing attitude, participatory, social identity, tourism experience, and platform agenda settings all had significant and positive effects on eWOM users' willingness to actively publish eWOM on tourism platforms.

Face your fears: direct and indirect measurement of responses to looming threats.

This study investigated the emotional and behavioural effects of looming threats using both recalled (self-reported valence) and real-time response measurements (facial expressions). The looming bias refers to the tendency to underestimate the time of arrival of rapidly approaching (looming) stimuli, providing additional time for defensive reactions. While previous research has shown negative emotional responses to looming threats based on self-reports after stimulus exposure, facial expressions offer valuable insights into emotional experiences and non-verbal behaviour during stimulus exposure.

Direct and crowding-out effects of a Hepatitis B vaccination campaign.

We evaluate the direct and spillover causal effects of a Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination campaign in French schools on the vaccination adherence of the targeted pupils. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that this campaign created an exogenous shock on vaccination behavior, increasing the HB vaccination rate for children aged 11 and above. At the same time, we show a drop in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination rate of the targeted pupils and an increase in the parental belief that measles is a benign disease.

Investigating associations between social determinants, self-efficacy measurement of sleep apnea and CPAP adherence: the SEMSA study.

Study Objectives: The prospective Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea study (SEMSAS) is investigating thresholds for health literacy, self-efficacy and precariousness at obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis to predict CPAP adherence. This paper describes the study protocol and presents baseline data from the ongoing study.

Methods: Eligible individuals had confirmed OSA and were referred to a homecare provider for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy initiation.

Evaluating the energy efficiency-enhancing potential of the digital economy: Evidence from China.

Improving energy efficiency can go a long way in helping China address environmental problems it currently faces and help deliver on its pledge of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. At the same time, innovative production technologies based on digital solutions continue to attract significant attention, owing to their potential to provide environmentally sustainable development opportunities. This study explores whether the digital economy can improve energy efficiency by facilitating input reallocation and promoting better information flows.

Devising evidence-based strategies for progress towards zero-carbon energy at the country level: The by-production approach.

The development of the sustainable energy systems is crucial for economic growth and climate change mitigation. This paper proposes a nonparametric approach based on the by-production technology comprising the economic and environmental sub-technologies. We consider both renewable and fossil energy in the analysis.

American Indians travel great distances for obstetrical care: Examining rural and racial disparities.

Rural, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people, a population at elevated risk for complex pregnancies, have limited access to risk-appropriate obstetric care. Obstetrical bypassing, seeking care at a non-local obstetric unit, is an important feature of perinatal regionalization that can alleviate some challenges faced by this rural population, at the cost of increased travel to give birth. Data from five years (2014-2018) of birth certificates from Montana, along with the 2018 annual survey of the American Hospital Association (AHA) were used in logistic regression models to identify predictors of bypassing, with ordinary least squares regression models used to predict factors associated with the distance (in miles) birthing people drove beyond their local obstetric unit to give birth.

Effects of a New Soft Skills Metacognition Training Program on Self-Efficacy and Adaptive Performance.

Although soft skills training is called for by many scholars and managers, empirical studies on concrete training programs are scarce and do not always have the methodological rigor that is necessary to draw meaningful conclusions about their impact. In the present research, we investigate the effects of a new soft skills metacognition training program on self-efficacy and adaptive performance. To test these effects, we conducted an experiment with a sample of employees of a large firm ( = 180).

The Association between Religiosity and Fertility Intentions Via Grandparenting: Evidence from GGS Data.

Although the literature concerning the association between religiosity and fertility in European countries is already quite extensive, studies exploring the mechanisms of action of religiosity are rare. The main aim of this article is to investigate whether grandparental childcare is a mediating or moderating variable in the association between attendance at religious services and the intention to have a second or third child. Building on previous literature, we assume that parents who are more religious might put more effort into establishing a positive relation with the grandparents of their child/children.

The social value of gambling: surplus estimates by gambling types for France.

We estimate the social surplus of gambling in France by adding three components: consumer surplus, producer surplus and taxation revenue. To estimate consumer surplus, we use the rational benchmark approach, which attributes a loss of welfare (i.e.