A novel strain-based bone-fracture healing algorithm is able to predict a range of healing outcomes.

Fracture healing is a complex process which sometimes results in non-unions, leading to prolonged disability and high morbidity. Traditional methods of optimising fracture treatments, such as benchtop testing and randomised controlled trials, face limitations, particularly in evaluating the entire healing process. This study introduces a novel, strain-based fracture-healing algorithm designed to predict a wide range of healing outcomes, including both successful unions and non-unions.

A systematic review of networks for prognostic prediction of health outcomes and diagnostic prediction of health conditions within Electronic Health Records.

Background And Objective: Using graph theory, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can be represented graphically to exploit the relational dependencies of the multiple information formats to improve Machine Learning (ML) prediction models. In this systematic qualitative review, we explore the question: How are graphs used on EHRs, to predict diagnosis and health outcomes?

Methodology: The search strategy identified studies that used patient-level graph representations of EHRs to utilise ML to predict health outcomes and diagnoses. We conducted our search on MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus.

Digital Twins of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Patients Suggest a Mechanistic Basis for Success and Failure of Noninvasive Ventilation.

Objectives: To clarify the mechanistic basis for the success or failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Design: We created digital twins based on mechanistic computational models of individual patients with AHRF.

Setting: Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Systems Medicine Research Network.

Biochemical characterisation of a PL24 ulvan lyase from seaweed-associated sp. FNV38.

Unlabelled: Ulvan is a green macroalgal cell wall polysaccharide that has tremendous potential for valorisation due to its unique composition of sulphated rhamnose, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid and xylose. Several potential applications such as production of biofuels, bioplastics and other value-added products necessitate the breakdown of the polysaccharide to oligomers or monomers. Research on ulvan saccharifying enzymes has been continually increasing over the last decade, with the increasing focus on valorisation of seaweed biomass for a biobased economy.

Outdoor cultivation and metabolomics exploration of Chlamydomonas engineered for bisabolene production.

Demonstrating outdoor cultivation of engineered microalgae at considerable scales is essential for their prospective large-scale deployment. Hence, this study focuses on the outdoor cultivation of an engineered Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain, 3XAgBs-SQs, for bisabolene production under natural dynamic conditions of light and temperature. Our preliminary outdoor experiments showed improved growth, but frequent culture collapses in conventional Tris-acetate-phosphate medium.

Biotransformation of maize bran-derived ferulic acid to vanillin using an adapted strain of Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116.

Maize bran, an agro-processing waste residue, is a good source of ferulic acid that can be further valorized for vanillin production. However, extraction of ferulic acid from natural sources has been challenging due to low concentrations and intensive extraction procedures. In the present work, ferulic acid streams (purities ranging from 5% to 75%) extracted from maize bran using thermochemical methods were evaluated for biotransformation to vanillin, employing Amycolatopsis sp.

Functionalization of seaweed bloom-derived Ulvan using response surface methodology with application in flocculation of oil-in-water pollution.

Utilizing macroalgal waste biomass for pollution management is a highly efficient method for addressing the environmental difficulties associated with its disposal. To accomplish this, we have attempted to synthesize a graft copolymer by combining ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from seaweed, with acrylates. A one-pot synthesis method using UV-initiated graft polymerization with V-50 as the photoinitiator resulted in the production of a distinctive, high-performance, and eco-friendly flocculant, Ulvan-g-Poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) referred as P(U_AAm_AAc).

Continuous fermentation using high cell density cell recycle system for L-lactic acid production.

For complete utilization of high glucose at ∼100 g/L, a high cell density (HCD) continuous fermentation system was established using NCIM 2025 for the bioproduction of lactic acid (LA). An integrated membrane cell recycling system coupled with the continuous bioreactor, aided to achieve the highest 34.77 g/L h LA productivity and 0.

Hospital-based violence prevention programmes in South Wales Emergency Departments: A process evaluation protocol.

Background: Addressing violence related harm is a global public health priority. While violence is primarily managed in the criminal justice system, healthcare supports and manages those injured by violence. Emergency Departments (EDs), the primary destination for those seriously injured, have emerged as a candidate location for violence prevention initiatives.

Transforming healthcare documentation: harnessing the potential of AI to generate discharge summaries.

Background: Hospital discharge summaries play an essential role in informing GPs of recent admissions to ensure excellent continuity of care and prevent adverse events; however, they are notoriously poorly written, time-consuming, and can result in delayed discharge.

Aim: To evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to produce high-quality discharge summaries equivalent to the level of a doctor who has completed the UK Foundation Programme.

Design & Setting: Feasibility study using 25 mock patient vignettes.

Formulation, characterization, pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of phloretin oral granules.

Phloretin (PHL), a flavonoid of the dihydrogen chalcone class, is reported to have low oral bioavailability due to its poor solubility and absorption. A common approach to enhance the solubility of such flavonoids is solubilization in a polymeric or lipidic matrix which would help in enhance dissolution rate and solubility. Accordingly, in the current study PHL was dissolved in Gelucire® 44/14 by melt-fusion technique and the viscous semisolid melt was adsorbed on a solid carrier to obtain free flowing granules.

Solid-state fermentation in an earthen vessel: Trichoderma viride spore-based biopesticide production using corn cobs.

The present study reports the production of Trichoderma viride spores in an earthen vessel using corn cobs. Using 4 kg of corn cobs, spore-based biopesticide was produced after 21 d with a maximum spore count of 2.50 × 10 spores/g of substrate and a moisture reduction from 70.

Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration.

In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of bone development, homeostasis and repair. EV-based therapies have the potential to circumnavigate key issues hindering the translation of cell-based therapies including functional tissue engraftment, uncontrolled differentiation and immunogenicity issues. Due to EVs' innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high physiochemical stability, these naturally-derived nanoparticles have garnered growing interest as potential acellular nanoscale therapeutics for a variety of diseases.

Evaluating current guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation using an integrated computational model of the cardiopulmonary system.

Objective: We aimed to use a high-fidelity computational model that captures key interactions between the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to investigate whether current CPR protocols could potentially be improved.

Methods: We developed and validated the computational model against available human data. We used a global optimisation algorithm to find CPR protocol parameters that optimise the outputs associated with return of spontaneous circulation in a cohort of 10 virtual subjects.

Rewiring of metabolic pathways in yeasts for sustainable production of biofuels.

The ever-increasing global energy demand has led world towards negative repercussions such as depletion of fossil fuels, pollution, global warming and climate change. Designing microbial cell factories for the sustainable production of biofuels is therefore an active area of research. Different yeast cells have been successfully engineered using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches for the production of various biofuels.

The risk of hepatic pseudoaneurysm after liver trauma in relation to the severity of liver injury: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.

Aim: To determine the risk of hepatic pseudoaneurysm after liver trauma in relation to the severity of liver injury.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in compliance with PRISMA statement standards (Registration Number: CRD42022328834). A search of electronic information sources was conducted to identify all studies reporting the risk of hepatic pseudoaneurysm after liver trauma.

High cell density continuous fermentation for L-lactic acid production from cane molasses.

Commercial production of lactic acid (LA) utilizes mostly glucose or lactose coupled with yeast extract (YE) as a supplement. With sugars, nitrogen, and vitamin supplementation being most of the LA production costs, the use of inexpensive molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, can provide considerable cost savings. There are just a few publications on the production of LA from molasses; consequently, the present investigation was conducted using molasses supplemented with yeast extract.

PolyE-IL Is an Efficient and Recyclable Homogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural in a Green Solvent.

5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) is a potential platform molecule with multidimensional applications and can be produced from biomass-based hexose sugars. In the present article, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized polymeric Bronsted acid ionic liquid (PolyE-IL) catalyst has been explored for fructose dehydration in the presence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a green and low-boiling-point (LBP) organic solvent. The use of homogeneous PolyE-IL catalyst provides several specific advantages in terms of high yield, conversion, selectivity, ease of catalyst separation, recycle and reuse, and so forth.

Acid-assisted oil extraction directly from thraustochytrids fermentation broth and its energy assessment for docosahexaenoic acid-enriched oil production.

Thraustochytrids are the most prominent source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Downstream processing constitutes a significant fraction of total production cost and thus needs judicious optimization. Currently, hazardous solvent-based extraction methods are used to extract oil from the dry or wet thraustochytrids cell mass.

Military Healthcare Ethics: Making It Relevant to the Whole Military Care Team.

This article notes the significant increase in academic papers and policy guidance on the subject of ethical practice in military healthcare over the past two decades. This is usually within the domain of "military medical ethics," linking medical ethics as applied to the medical profession (doctors) with ethics as applied within the military (primarily from the perspective of officers). This article argues that this, highly elitist, perspective disenfranchises the majority of the military healthcare team who are nurses and allied health professionals and serve across the entire rank spectrum.

One cell-two wells bio-refinery: Demonstrating cyanobacterial chassis for co-production of heterologous and natural hydrocarbons.

In order to improve the potential of cyanobacterial cell factories, Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 was engineered as 'one cell-two wells bio-refinery', for ethylene ('heterologous' hydrocarbon) and carotenoids ('natural' metabolites) production, and demonstrating its outdoor performance. Although the cultures showed better production outdoor, they experienced multiple collapses during scale-up.

Rebooting life: engineering non-natural nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites in microorganisms.

The surging demand of value-added products has steered the transition of laboratory microbes to microbial cell factories (MCFs) for facilitating production of large quantities of important native and non-native biomolecules. This shift has been possible through rewiring and optimizing different biosynthetic pathways in microbes by exercising frameworks of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology principles. Advances in genome and metabolic engineering have provided a fillip to create novel biomolecules and produce non-natural molecules with multitude of applications.