Perceptions of healthcare workers on implementing the 2022 WHO verbal autopsy instrument in rural India through the existing public health system.

Background: Cause-of-death (CoD) information is crucial for health policy formulation, planning, and program implementation. Verbal Autopsy (VA) is an approach employed for the collection and analysis of CoD estimates at the population level where medical certification of cause of death is low and, secondly, for integrating it with the existing public health system by utilizing the grassroots level workforce.

Objective: The study aims to understand the field perspectives on implementing the 2022 WHO VA instrument in rural India through the existing public health system.

Trans-nasal brain delivery of anti-TB drugs by methyl-β-cyclodextrin microparticles show efficient mycobacterial clearance from central nervous system.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is the most severe extra-pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), facing significant challenges due to the limited penetration of anti-TB drugs (ATDs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their insufficient concentrations at the site of infection. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of ATDs by encapsulating them in methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) microparticles (ATD-MP) using spray drying, intended for intranasal delivery to manage CNS-TB. M-β-CD microparticles loaded with isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) exhibited spherical shapes with slightly deflated surfaces and particle sizes of 6.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cell Wall Proteins of Aminoglycosides Resistant and Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates.

Introduction: The rising prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains resistant to aminoglycosides (amikacin and kanamycin) challenges effective TB control and treatment. Understanding the mechanisms behind this resistance is crucial since aminoglycosides are a mainstay of TB therapy.

Effective cerebral tuberculosis treatment nose-to-brain transport of anti-TB drugs using mucoadhesive nano-aggregates.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is a severe form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis with high mortality and morbidity rates. The standard treatment regimen for CNS-TB parallels that of pulmonary TB, despite the challenge posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the efficacy of first-line anti-TB drugs (ATDs). Nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery offers a promising solution for achieving high ATD concentrations directly at infection sites in the brain while bypassing the BBB.

Breaking the Cycle: Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as an Alternative Approach in Managing Tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Progression.

(Mtb) has long posed a significant challenge to global public health, resulting in approximately 1.6 million deaths annually. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) instigated by Mtb is characterized by extensive lung tissue damage, leading to lesions and dissemination within the tissue matrix.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Capsule Proteins in Aminoglycoside-Resistant and Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates: Unraveling Potential Drug Targets.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a global infectious threat, has seen a concerning rise in aminoglycoside-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains. The potential role of capsule proteins remains largely unexplored.

In silico Screening of Food and Drug Administration-approved Compounds against Trehalose 2-sulfotransferase (Rv0295c) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Insights from Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, distinguished by substantial occurrences of infection and death. The upsurge of drug-resistant TB strains underscores the urgency to identify novel therapeutic targets and repurpose existing compounds. Rv0295c is a potentially druggable enzyme involved in cell wall biosynthesis and virulence.

and gene polymorphism-a possible association with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the north Indian population.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the association between and gene polymorphism with drug resistant tuberculosis (PTB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB) in a population from Agra, Uttar Pradesh.

Methods: The present case-control study included 101 pulmonary TB patients, 104 multidrug-resistant TB patients, 48 extremely drug-resistant TB patients, and 130 healthy and unrelated controls residing in the same locality. The genotyping method for was carried out by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene polymorphism was performed by hybridization probe chemistry in Roche Real-Time PCR.

Association of CC-chemokine ligand-2 gene polymorphisms with leprosy reactions.

Background: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, a gene that codes for a protein involved in inflammation. Certain SNPs in the CCL2 gene have been studied for their potential associations with susceptibility to various diseases. These SNPs may affect the production and function of the CCL2 protein, which is involved in the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation.

Mycobacteriophage D29 Lysin B exhibits promising anti-mycobacterial activity against drug-resistant .

To combat the rapidly emerging drug-resistant , it is now essential to look for alternative therapeutics. Mycobacteriophages can be considered as efficient therapeutics due to their natural ability to infect and kill mycobacteria including . Here, we have exploited the mycolyl-arabinogalactan esterase property of LysB encoded from mycobacteriophage D29.

A cluster onset of acute and accelerated silicosis cases in workers of ramming mass industries in Jharkhand, Eastern India.

Introduction And Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers of ramming mass industries in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, eastern India. Workers had occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust of varied duration between 1 and 6 years. A total of 122 subjects participated in it.

Analysis of socioeconomic condition and bacillary index with respect to the development of Hansen's disease.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis and mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Although treatable, its early intervention can significantly reduce the occurrence of disability. India accounts for more than half of new cases globally.

Clofazimine nanoclusters show high efficacy in experimental TB with amelioration in paradoxical lung inflammation.

The rise of tuberculosis (TB) superbugs has impeded efforts to control this infectious ailment, and new treatment options are few. Paradoxical Inflammation (PI) is another major problem associated with current anti-TB therapy, which can complicate the treatment and leads to clinical worsening of disease despite a decrease in bacterial burden in the lungs. TB infection is generally accompanied by an intense local inflammatory response which may be critical to TB pathogenesis.

Targeting dormant phenotype acquired mycobacteria using natural products by exploring its important targets: and studies.

The dormant phenotype of that develops during infection poses a major challenge in disease treatment, since these bacilli show tolerance to front-line drugs. An hypoxia dormancy model was established, which produced phenotypically dormant after prolonged incubation under conditions of low oxygen, low pH, and nutrient limitation. Bacilli in this model displayed the classical dormancy characters, including loss of acid fastness, altered morphology, and, most importantly, tolerance to front-line drugs.

Exploring modulations in T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell signaling events in systemic circulation and at local disease site of patients with tubercular pleural effusion: An attempt to understand tuberculosis pathogenesis at the local disease site.

Introduction: T cells are crucial for pathogenesis as well as control for tuberculosis (TB). Although much is known about the signaling pathways which are required for the activation of T cells during acute infection but the way these cells respond during persistent of infection still remained elusive. Therefore, it is rationale to understand T cell activation during tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), which is similar to bacterial persistency system.

Proteo-Molecular Investigation of Cultivated Rice, Wild Rice, and Barley Provides Clues of Defense Responses against Infection.

is a soil-borne fungus causing sheath blight disease in cereal crops including rice. Genetic resistance to sheath blight disease in cereal crops is not well understood in most of the host(s). Aside from this, a comparative study on the different hosts at the biochemical and proteomic level upon infection was not reported earlier.

Computational assessment of phytomolecules as putative inhibitors of CTP synthase PyrG.

Genome evolution of (Mtb) produces new strains resistant to various pre-existing anti-tubercular drugs. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore potent compounds with the most negligible side effects and effective Mtb inhibition. Mtb PyrG (CTP synthase) is a crucial enzyme for the conversion of the uridine triphosphate (UTP) into cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and is essential for the growth of Mtb.