Nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies and its impact on national kala-azar elimination in India.

India is accelerating efforts to eliminate kala-azar by aligning its National Kala-Azar Elimination Program with the World Health Organization's (WHO) roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030. Elimination relies on comprehensive vector surveillance and integrated vector management. This study aimed to conduct nationwide entomological surveillance to detect Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies.

A qualitative analysis to identify the issues of tuberculosis management in tribal areas of Rajasthan.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease with social issue. Tribal people are disproportionately affected by TB. There is a scarcity of data on issues of TB management among the tribal groups of India.

Safety profile of BCG revaccination for COVID prevention among elderly individuals in India.

BCG vaccination is known to be safe in infants and a part of immunization schedule in high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. In the conquest to bring down the severity of the COVID 19 pandemic, many drugs were repurposed in research mode including BCG vaccination/revaccination in various populations. We did a study among the elderly population (>60 years of age) to assess the role of BCG revaccination in preventing the severity of COVID 19 disease.

Protocol of systematic reviews on implementation research on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and mental ailments in India.

Introduction: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major public health concern across the world. Various initiatives have tried to address these with varying degrees of success.

Objective: The objective is to assess and collate existing evidence in implementation research done in India on three broad domains of NCDs namely, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and mental health (MH) in India.

A Preliminary Study on the Impact of Household Air Pollution on Adult Respiratory Health in Urban and Rural Settings of Jaipur, India.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between household air pollution and chronic respiratory illness (CRI) in Jaipur, India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 147 participants over 18 years of age from 45 households were randomly included in the study, and follow-up visits were conducted once every fortnight over a three-month period. Spirometry tests were conducted using a portable hand-held digital spirometer.

Recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in India: Findings from the 2019-2021 nationwide community-based TB prevalence survey.

Recurrent Tuberculosis patients contribute to a significant proportion of TB burden in India. A nationwide survey was conducted during 2019-2021 across India among adults to estimate the prevalence of TB. A total of 322480 individuals were screened and 1402 were having TB.

Strengthening breast cancer screening program through health education of women and capacity building of primary healthcare providers.

Background: Globally and in India, breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy. India saw 178,361 new cases and 90,000 deaths in 2020. Timely detection is vital, highlighting the importance of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), especially in low-income settings.

Genetic differentiation among Aedes aegypti populations from different eco-geographical zones of India.

The present study explicitly evaluated the genetic structure of Aedes aegypti Linn, the vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, across different geo-climatic zones of India and also elucidated the impact of ecological and topographic factors. After data quality checks and removal of samples with excess null alleles, the final analysis was performed on 589 individual samples using 10 microsatellite markers. Overall findings of this study suggested that, Ae.

Salmonella typhimurium detection and ablation using OmpD specific aptamer with non-magnetic and magnetic graphene oxide.

Foodborne diseases have increased in the last few years due to the increased consumption of packaged and contaminated food. Major foodborne bacteria cause diseases such as diarrhea, vomiting, and sometimes death. So, there is a need for early detection of foodborne bacteria as pre-existing detection techniques are time-taking and tedious.

Implementation research: The need of the hour.

Formative research creates evidence. Evidence-based interventions are implemented in community settings. In the past, evidence-based interventions have failed to get desired outcomes.

Assessment of prevailing practices for identification of tuberculosis in children admitted in nutritional rehabilitation centres: A multicentre study.

Background & Objectives: To eliminate tuberculosis (TB), the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) has given an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of TB in children. This study was carried out to assess the prevailing practices to identify TB in severely malnourished children admitted to various nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 41 NRCs across five States having a maximum number of NRCs was carried out.

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among the general population and healthcare workers in India, June-July 2021: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: India began COVID-19 vaccination in January 2021, initially targeting healthcare and frontline workers. The vaccination strategy was expanded in a phased manner and currently covers all individuals aged 18 years and above. India experienced a severe second wave of COVID-19 during March-June 2021.

Mental Health Status, Coping Strategies During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Undergraduate Students of Healthcare Profession.

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological distress, associated lifestyle behaviors, and associated coping strategies among the students of healthcare profession. A total of 588 medical, dental, and nursing students studying in institutes of health sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India participated in this cross-sectional online survey during September-October, 2020. A semi-structured questionnaire, DASS-21questionnaire, and Brief COPE were used to collect relevant information.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020-January 2021.

Background: Earlier serosurveys in India revealed seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of 0.73% in May-June 2020 and 7.1% in August-September 2020.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August-September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey.

Background: The first national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurvey in India, done in May-June, 2020, among adults aged 18 years or older from 21 states, found a SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence of 0·73% (95% CI 0·34-1·13). We aimed to assess the more recent nationwide seroprevalence in the general population in India.

Methods: We did a second household serosurvey among individuals aged 10 years or older in the same 700 villages or wards within 70 districts in India that were included in the first serosurvey.