152 results match your criteria: "ICMR- National Institute of Occupational Health[Affiliation]"

Background: India is reporting the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. The health belief model has proved beneficial to understand health-related behaviors among patients with TB. We explored the reasons and solutions for non-adherence to the treatment of TB using the constructs of the health belief model.

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Veterinarians experience different types of health hazards from their occupation. Studies on the prevalence and occurrence of biological health hazards in veterinary medicine in India are scant and probably underreported. Thus, we sought to assess the biological health hazards and infection control practices (ICPs) among veterinarians from the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, India.

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Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has emerged as a prevailing environmental and occupational contaminant over the past few decades. However, the knowledge is sparse regarding Cr(VI)-induced neurological aberrations, and its remediation through natural bioactive compounds has not been fully explored. This study intended to probe the possible invigorative effects of nutraceuticals such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), biochanin A (BCA), and phloretin (PHL) on Cr(VI) intoxicated Swiss albino mice with special emphasis on Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 gene expressions.

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Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity.

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This review collates information on the onset of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 genome architecture, emergence of novel viral lineages that drove multiple waves of infection around the world and standard and fast track development of vaccines. With the passage of time, the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 has acquired an expanded mutational landscape. The functional characterization of spike protein mutations, the primary target of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines has revealed increased transmission, pathogenesis and immune escape potential in the variant lineages of the virus.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein evolution during the first and second wave of COVID-19 infections in India. Detailed mutation analysis was done in 763 samples taken from GISAID for the ten most affected Indian states between March 2020 to August 2021. The study revealed 242 mutations corresponding to 207 sites.

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Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been well proven for its role in oral carcinogenesis due to the abundance of several carcinogens. However, the role of inhabitant microorganisms in the oral cavity of smokeless tobacco users has not yet been well explored in the context of OSCC.

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Arsenic and chromium are the most common environmental toxicants prevailing in nature. Hence, the present study endeavors to investigate the salutary effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Biochanin A (BCA), and Phloretin (PHL) on the combined neurotoxic impact of arsenic and chromium in the mice (). Sodium meta-arsenite (100 ppm) and potassium dichromate (75 ppm) were given orally in conjugation with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), BCA & PHL (50 mg/kg each) in accordance with body weight per day for the 2 weeks experimental duration.

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An imbalance in the key organizational psychology constructs viz. "Workload", "Reward", "Community", "Control", "Values" and "Fairness" are potential factors leading to negative occupational mental health, i.e.

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Article Synopsis
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive impairment, but its specific causes are not fully understood.
  • *Recent studies highlight the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, including factors like oxidative stress and energy metabolism issues, in the development of AD.
  • *The review discusses mitochondrial mechanisms and suggests that targeting multiple pathways through natural products could help prevent or mitigate mitochondrial-related issues in AD.
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A network biology approach to identify crucial host targets for COVID-19.

Methods

July 2022

Division of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India; ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad 380016, India. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in over 5.9 million deaths among approximately 43 million confirmed cases, with many regions facing a third wave despite ongoing vaccination efforts.
  • - Researchers have identified 332 significant interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, leading to the construction of a human protein-protein interaction network to pinpoint critical targets, with four main proteins (PRKACA, RHOA, CDK5RAP2, CEP250) highlighted for potential therapeutic strategies.
  • - The study suggests that repurposing existing approved drugs, such as remdesivir and others that bind to these critical human proteins, could effectively treat COVID-19 by focusing
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Rising global energy demands and climate crisis has created an unprecedented need for the bio-based circular economy to ensure sustainable development with the minimized carbon footprint. Along with conventional biofuels such as ethanol, microbes can be used to produce advanced biofuels which are equivalent to traditional fuels in their energy efficiencies and are compatible with already established infrastructure and hence can be directly blended in higher proportions without overhauling of the pre-existing setup. Metabolic engineering is at the frontiers to develop microbial chassis for biofuel bio-foundries to meet the industrial needs for clean energy.

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Background: COVID-19 has inundated the entire world disrupting the lives of millions of people. The pandemic has stressed the healthcare system of India impacting the psychological status and functioning of health care workers. The aim of this study is to determine the burnout levels and factors associated with the risk of psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCW) engaged in the management of COVID 19 in India.

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Despite advancements made in treatment strategies, the fatality rate of HNSCC is very high. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modification of histones plays an influential role in the development and progression of the disease.

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Background: A direct benefit transfer (DBT) program was launched to address the dual epidemic of under-nutrition and tuberculosis (TB) in India. We conducted this study to determine whether non-receipt of DBT was associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among patients with TB and to explore the perspectives of patients and program functionaries regarding the program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 426 patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB on treatment during January-September 2019 to determine the association between non-receipt of DBT and unfavorable treatment outcomes, which was followed by in-depth interviews of 9 patients and 8 program functionaries to explore their perspectives on challenges and suggestions regarding the DBT program.

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Chronic Pb exposure associated systemic illness are partly posited to involve calcium homeostasis. Present systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the association between chronic lead exposure and markers of calcium homeostasis. Observational studies documenting the changes in calcium homeostasis markers (i.

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Background: India began COVID-19 vaccination in January 2021, initially targeting healthcare and frontline workers. The vaccination strategy was expanded in a phased manner and currently covers all individuals aged 18 years and above. India experienced a severe second wave of COVID-19 during March-June 2021.

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Silicosis is an irreversible, incurable and progressive occupational disease caused by prolonged exposure to crystalline-silica dust while working in the relevant industries. Conventionally diagnosis is done by chest radiology, often in an advanced stage as early symptoms often go unnoticed. Early detection and necessary intervention (secondary prevention) could be a realistic possible control strategy for controlling silicosis as no effective treatment is available to stop and/or reverse the pathological process.

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We are yet to completely understand the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly infectious disease, and research exploring the same is currently lacking. Hence, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the intra-familial transmission pattern of COVID-19 among the rural residents of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, in relation to possible determinants, with a special focus on the viral load as an important factor. This cross-sectional study included visiting 195 families.

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Recent evidences suggest the role of chronic lead (Pb) exposure in altering immunological parameters. Present study aimed to systematically review existing literature and synthesize quantitative evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and changes in immunological markers. Observational studies reporting immunological markers such as leukocyte derivative counts (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, CD56, lymphocyte, and total leukocyte), cytokine, Immunoglobulin (Igs), C-reactive protein (CRP) among Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase digital databases from inception to January 2021.

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Context: All COVID cases and their contacts are considered highly infectious requiring isolation, which blocks the COVID isolation beds and disrupts life in the community.

Aim: To find out the effect of selective isolation and contact tracing of superspreaders as compared with the conventional ongoing protocol.

Settings And Design: A mathematical model was designed to look at the effect of isolation and contact tracing of only those with high viral loads (superspreaders) on COVID-19 bed occupancy and overall mortality, in comparison with conventional protocol of isolation and contact tracing of all cases.

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Non-invasive collection of biological sample such as sweat, urine, saliva, hairs and, stool and onsite detection of anlaytes in those samples is an interesting and viable approach for rapid screening of various toxicants in body. Environmental exposure/presence of lead (Pb) and its rapid detection provide one such opportunity. A chemical spot based colorimetric method and a transdermal patch device based on this spot test, is developed for rapid and qualitative assessment of inorganic lead (Pb) in non-coloured biological or environmental liquid samples.

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Given the global epidemic of diabesity (co-existence of both diabetes and obesity), novel approaches that target gut hormone secretion and their modulation may offer the dual benefits of increased efficacy and limited side effects. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that agonism of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), using a dietary activator, has a modulatory role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced dysregulation of post-prandial gut hormone responses and prevention of metabolic alterations. The effect of HFD on TRPA1 expression in different parts of the gut using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR was studied.

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Objectives: Financial protection mechanisms are in place to overcome the costs of a few diseases in India. Our objective was to estimate the costs incurred due to Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and to determine predictors of such costs.

Results: We found that the median (Interquartile range IQR) total costs of OPMD was Indian Rupees (INR) 500 (350-750), direct medical costs was INR 0 (0-50), direct non-medical costs was INR 150 (40-200) and indirect costs was INR 350 (250-500).

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Background: Widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been documented globally. Commonly used interventions to address this deficiency include supplementation and/or fortification with either ergocalciferol (vitamin D) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D), but the relative efficacy of these two vitamers is unclear. The current study aimed to evaluate the relative efficacy of ergocalciferol (vitamin D) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D) for raising the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and functional indicators including serum parathyroid (PTH) levels, isometric muscle strength, hand grip strength and bone mineral density.

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