Genetic variants and type 2 diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of associated polymorphisms in case-control studies.

Background: India, with the largest population and second-highest type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence, presents a unique genetic landscape. This study explores the genetic profiling of T2DM, aiming to bridge gaps in existing research and provide insights for further explorations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published up to September 2024 using databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify SNPs associated with T2DM in case-control studies within the Indian population.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Anthropometric and Hematological Parameters Among Infants at a Tertiary Care Center in Meerut, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Vitamin D is crucial in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, and its deficiency is widespread even in sun-rich regions like India. The present study sought to elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in infants and its potential association with various anthropometric and hematological parameters.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in northern India (in 2013-14) and involved 77 nine-month-old infants.

Deciphering the genotypic diversity and epidemiology of scrub typhus genotypes in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Scrub typhus is a significant cause of Acute Febrile Illness in India and presents a range of clinical manifestations influenced by the genotypes of the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Understanding the distribution of these genotypes is crucial for public health planning, diagnostic accuracy, and vaccine development.

Methods: In this systematic review, we analyzed 18 studies from an initial pool of 2013 records identified through database searches following PRISMA guidelines.

Nationwide cross-sectional surveillance of Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies and its impact on national kala-azar elimination in India.

India is accelerating efforts to eliminate kala-azar by aligning its National Kala-Azar Elimination Program with the World Health Organization's (WHO) roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030. Elimination relies on comprehensive vector surveillance and integrated vector management. This study aimed to conduct nationwide entomological surveillance to detect Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies.

A Comparative Evaluation of Point-of-Care and Laboratory HbA1c Testing in Diabetes Care: An Indian Perspective.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a point-of-care (POC) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) device in the Indian population against the standard laboratory (high-performance liquid chromatography {HPLC}) method for the effective management of diabetes in India.

Methods: This study on the diagnostic accuracy of a POC HbA1c device involved 121 participants. These participants were categorized into two groups according to their HbA1c levels - one group with HbA1c values below 6.

Microcystin-LR in drinking water: An emerging role of mitochondrial-induced epigenetic modifications and possible mitigation strategies.

Algal blooms are a serious menace to freshwater bodies all over the world. These blooms typically comprise cyanobacterial outgrowths that produce a heptapeptide toxin, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Chronic MC-LR exposure impairs mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk, ROS generation, activation of DNA damage repair pathways, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis by interfering with PC/MAPK/RTK/PI3K signaling.

Targeting the osteoclastogenic cytokine IL-9 as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy in mitigating inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Recent discoveries have established the pivotal role of IL-9-secreting immune cells in a wide spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about how IL-9 contributes to the etiology of inflammatory bone loss in PMO. We observed that IL-9 has a pathological impact on inflammatory bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice.

A One Health exploration of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli originated from urban and rural lakes ecosystem.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most serious threats to One Health. Aquatic environments are an ideal non-clinical AMR reservoir and can act as a key battlefront for tackling the AMR. However, AMR data using the One Health approach remain scarce in aquatic environments worldwide.

Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D: A Possible Approach to Mitigate Air Pollution Related Pregnancy Complications.

Approximately 99% of people on the planet breathe air that exceeds the World Health Organization's permitted threshold for pollution. South Asia is home to the world's most polluted cities. Population-based studies have suggested that women's reproductive health outcomes are worsening due to air pollution.

Development and validation of a PCR-based method to differentiate human sex in blood-fed Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Monitoring mosquito host choice to identify high-risk groups for different vector-borne diseases is important to devise vector control strategies and disease management. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a PCR-based method to identify human sex in blood-fed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Several human genes present in both the X and Y chromosomes were screened and diagnostic PCR primers were successfully designed and amplified for the human STS gene.

Air pollution-linked epigenetic modifications in placental DNA: Prognostic potential for identifying future foetal anomalies.

Prenatal exposure to air pollution is a significant risk factor for the mother and the developing foetus. The accumulation of pollutants in the placenta can cause a self-cascade loop of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and DNA double-strand breaks. Previous research has shown that airborne particulate matter can damage the epigenome and disturb mitochondrial machinery, ultimately impairing placental function.

Unraveling the intricacies of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein: A comprehensive review.

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a versatile RNA-binding protein, pivotal in modulating cellular responses to diverse stress stimuli including cold shock, ultraviolet radiation, hypoxia, and infections, with a principal emphasis on cold stress. The temperature range of 32-34 °C is most suitable for CIRP expression. The human CIRP is an 18-21 kDa polypeptide containing 172 amino acids coded by a gene located on chromosome 19p13.

Nanophotonic waveguide-based sensing of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: implications for personalized medicine.

Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker, with potential implications for disease diagnosis. Changes in mtDNA, such as deletions, mutations or variations in the number of copies, have been associated with mitochondrial disorders, heart diseases, cancer and age-related non-communicable diseases. Previous methods, such as polymerase chain reaction-based approaches, next-generation sequencing and imaging-based techniques, have shown improved accuracy in identifying rare mtDNA variants or mutations, but they have limitations.

Dysregulated Th17/Treg cell axis is correlated with local and systemic immune response in human intermediate uveitis.

Th17/Treg cell balance is essential for immune homeostasis and when disrupted, is associated with the occurrence and development of inflammation in numerous autoimmune diseases. However, its contribution in pathophysiology of uveitis remains unexplored. In this study, we deciphered the role of Th17/Treg cell balance in autoimmune uveitis subjects.

Quantum Dots-Based Protocols for the Detection of RNAs.

RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and is involved in the development and progression of several diseases. RNA molecules have gained considerable attention as potential biomarkers for various ailments, as they reflect the activity of genes in a particular cell or tissue. By measuring the levels of specific RNA molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), researchers can infer the expression patterns of genes associated with a particular disease.

Anxiety, stress, and quality of life in patients with tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anxiety symptoms when coexisting with tuberculosis (TB), can have deleterious effects on treatment continuation that could contribute to the development of treatment resistance in TB. It is essential to understand the prevalence of anxiety in TB to develop clinical recommendations for its management. The primary objective of our review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety in TB patients along with the estimation of stress and quality of life in such patients.

Deciphering the complex interplay of risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review.

The complex and multidimensional landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major global concern. Despite several years of extensive research, the precise underlying causes of T2D remain elusive, but evidence suggests that it is influenced by a myriad of interconnected risk factors such as epigenetics, genetics, gut microbiome, environmental factors, organelle stress, and dietary habits. The number of factors influencing the pathogenesis is increasing day by day which worsens the scenario; meanwhile, the interconnections shoot up the frame.

Investigating the Presence of Rotavirus in Wastewater Samples of Bhopal Region, India, by Utilizing Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Introduction: Rotavirus-induced viral gastroenteritis outbreaks result in over two million hospitalizations globally yearly. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a crucial tool for detecting and monitoring viral outbreaks. The adoption of WBE has been instrumental in the early detection and surveillance of such viral outbreaks, providing a non-invasive method to assess public health.

Spatiotemporal Epidemiology of Malaria in India from 2007 to 2022.

India is a major contributor to the global burden of malaria, especially Plasmodium vivax infection. Understanding the spatiotemporal trends of malaria across India over the last two decades may assist in targeted intervention. The population-normalized spatiotemporal trends of malaria epidemiology in India from 2007 to 2022 were analyzed using a geographic information system with the publicly available "malaria situation" report of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP).

Detectable Viremia at Presentation Is a Predictor of Disease Severity in Chikungunya.

Background Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne re-emerging disease that has caused a significant number of outbreaks recently in diverse geographic settings across the globe. It leads to severe debilitating illness in a significant proportion of persons who are infected. Measures to limit the impact produced by recurrent outbreaks of the disease are limited and there is an urgent clinical need for early identification of those predisposed to develop severe disease.

Cardiovascular disease risk assessment through sensing the circulating microbiome with perovskite quantum dots leveraging deep learning models for bacterial species selection.

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are novel nanomaterials wherein perovskites are used to formulate quantum dots (QDs). The present study utilizes the excellent fluorescence quantum yields of these nanomaterials to detect 16S rRNA of circulating microbiome for risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning model was used to find the association of the circulating bacterial species with CVD risk, which showed the abundance of three different bacterial species (Bauldia litoralis (BL), Hymenobacter properus (HYM), and Virgisporangium myanmarense (VIG)).