Thymic Lesions in Myasthenia Gravis: A Clinicopathological Study from India.

Background And Objectives: Thymic pathology is common in Myasthenia Gravis(MG) and plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis and clinical outcome. This study aims to discuss the clinicohistopathological spectrum of thymic lesions in MG.

Methods: In this retrospective study, MG patients who underwent thymectomy from 2011 to 2020 were included.

Neonatal sepsis and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries from a facility-based birth cohort: an international multisite prospective observational study.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a primary cause of neonatal mortality and is an urgent global health concern, especially within low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of global neonatal mortality occurs. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and associations with neonatal sepsis and all-cause mortality in facility-born neonates in LMICs.

Methods: The Burden of Antibiotic Resistance in Neonates from Developing Societies (BARNARDS) study recruited mothers and their neonates into a prospective observational cohort study across 12 clinical sites from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa.

Screening of Potential Bacteriophages for Cholera Therapy: A Comparative Genomic Approach.

Cholera continues to be a major burden for developing nations, especially where sanitation, quality of water supply, and hospitalization have remained an issue. Recently, growing antimicrobial-resistant strains of underscores alternative therapeutic strategies for cholera. Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the best alternatives for antibiotic treatment.

Clinical, genetic profile and disease progression of sarcoglycanopathies in a large cohort from India: high prevalence of SGCB c.544A > C.

The clinico-genetic architecture of sarcoglycanopathies in Indian patients is reported only as short series. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical picture, genetic basis, and disease progression of patients genetically confirmed to have sarcoglycanopathy. Next-generation sequencing was performed in 68 probands with suspected sarcoglycanopathy.

Convergence of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Infection.

() is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as this pathogen has certain attributes that facilitate the subversion of natural defenses of the human body. acquires antibiotic resistance determinants easily and can thrive on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Different resistance mechanisms or determinants, both transmissible and non-transmissible, have aided in this victory over antibiotics.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus In Vitro Assays Evaluated by the World Health Organization Prequalification Evaluation Laboratories: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To maintain the performance quality, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits are required to be evaluated by unbiased health regulatory organizations following predefined guidelines. The World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification is one such program for the evaluation of IVD assays. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyzed and compared the 17 WHO prequalified public reports of HIV IVDs to yield summarized information for performance parameters.

Characterization of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with special reference to antimicrobial resistance isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata (2012-2019), India.

Aims: This study analyses the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes detected in hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India, during 2012-2019.

Methods And Results: A total of 8891 stool samples were collected from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata and screened for the presence of enteric pathogens. Multiplex PCR identified the presence of DEC in 7.

Rotavirus-Mediated Suppression of miRNA-192 Family and miRNA-181a Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro Study.

The significance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in Rotavirus (RV) infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the RV pathogenesis and investigate a miRNA-mediated approach to regulate the pathway to repress the RV infection in the host. The regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in terms of β-catenin accumulation and activation was analyzed by Western blotting and Confocal imaging analysis.

A 12 year experience of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing neonatal sepsis: two-component systems, efflux pumps, lipopolysaccharide modification and comparative phylogenomics.

Background: Increased use of colistin in healthcare necessitates studies on the trend of colistin resistance and the underlying mechanisms.

Objectives: To understand the susceptibility trend and molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in neonatal isolates over a 12 year period.

Methods: Colistin susceptibility, mRNA expression, whole genome sequence and mutational analysis was performed.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: Presenting the Current Scenario in India and Strategy for Future Management.

Background: Systematic studies to estimate the disease burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in India are limited. Therefore, a multicenter study on the Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India was carried out to estimate the incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trend. The data presented here represent the national burden of AMR in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A.

Quercetin Attenuates Copper-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Autophagic Modulation.

An increase in anthropogenic activities results in metal contamination in the ecosystem which has proven to be a major health risk in humans, as they make entry into cellular organelles via agricultural products. Copper (Cu) is one such metal that acts as an essential cofactor for the activity of several enzymes, one being the cytochrome c oxidase. The increasing number of evidence suggests a substantial correlation of Cu overload with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Natural selection shaped the evolution of amino acid usage in mammalian toll like receptor genes.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important as they are able to sense diverse set of pathogens associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as ligands. These receptors are involved in functions such as immune response, development of signaling process and cell adhesion. In the present study we are interested to analyze the influence of evolutionary selection pressure on the mutational diversity of mammalian TLR genes.

Development of a novel trivalent invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella outer membrane vesicles based vaccine against salmonellosis and fowl typhoid in chickens.

Poultry animals act as natural reservoirs of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella [iNTS] serovars and consumption of iNTS contaminated poultry meat and eggs is one of the major sources of iNTS infection in developed and developing countries. Irrational use of antibiotics in the poultry industry gives rise to the global emergence of multi drug resistant iNTS strains. Among different strategies to control iNTS infection in poultry farms, vaccination is now being widely used.

Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Sequence Type 14 Strains Resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and/or Azithromycin, Isolated from Kolkata, India.

We report draft whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg sequence type 14 strains resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and/or azithromycin, which were isolated from neonatal stool and goat meat in Kolkata, India. The genome characteristics, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid types, and integrons, are presented in this report.

Chitosan/benzyloxy-benzaldehyde modified ZnO nano template having optimized and distinct antiviral potency to human cytomegalovirus.

Utilization of biomolecules encapsulated nano particles is currently originating ample attention to generate unconventional nanomedicines in antiviral research. Zinc oxide nanoparticle has been extensively studied for antimicrobial, antifungal and antifouling properties due to high surface to volume ratios and distinctive chemical as well as physical properties. Nevertheless, still minute information is available on their response on viruses.

Biochemical, molecular and in silico characterization of arsenate reductase from Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1 tolerant to salt, arsenic and a wide range of pH.

The present study characterized aresenate reductase of Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1, tolerant to salt, arsenate and a wide range of pH during growth. Interestingly, it was found that arsC, arsB and arsR genes involved in arsenate tolerance are distributed in the genome of strain KPWP1. The inducible arsC gene was cloned, expressed and the purified ArsC protein showed profound enzyme activity with the K and K values as 25 µM and 0.

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among the general population and healthcare workers in India, June-July 2021: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: India began COVID-19 vaccination in January 2021, initially targeting healthcare and frontline workers. The vaccination strategy was expanded in a phased manner and currently covers all individuals aged 18 years and above. India experienced a severe second wave of COVID-19 during March-June 2021.

Late Onset Pompe Disease with Novel Mutations and Atypical Phenotypes.

Background: Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is rare and generally manifests predominantly as progressive limb girdle muscle weakness. It is linked to the pathogenic mutations in GAA gene, which leads to glycogen accumulation in various tissues.

Materials And Methods: We describe the unusual clinical, biochemical, histopathological and genetic characteristics of 5 cases of LOPD.

Performance of commercially available HIV in vitro diagnostic assays: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Efficient and fast detection of HIV infection is required to make the diagnosis more robust. Use of in vitro HIV diagnostic assays based on different methods are growing rapidly. To maintain quality and further upgradation, regular performance evaluation is required.